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新编剑桥商务英语高级 BEC U12-17,24,27 整理

新编剑桥商务英语高级  BEC  U12-17,24,27   整理
新编剑桥商务英语高级  BEC  U12-17,24,27   整理

Unit12

advertising 广告aimed 旨在awareness 意识channel 渠道loyalty 忠诚maturity 成熟medium 中小型tactics 策略、战略target 目标

trial 尝试

The basic idea behind the 'marketing concept' - that you make what you can sell rather than sell what you make - does not mean that your product will sell all by itself. Even a good, attractively-priced product that clearly satisfies a need has to be made known to its target customers.

市场营销的基本观点是—做你可以卖的,而不是卖你做的—并不意味着您的产品将全部自动售出。即使是一个很好的、价格诱人的、且显然满足于某一需求的产品,也必须要让它的目标客户知晓。

Sales promotions can also be aimed at distributors, dealers and retailers, to encourage them to stock new items or larger quantities, or to encourage off-season buying, or the stocking of items related to an existing product.

促销也可以针对分销商、经销商和零售商,鼓励他们去购买新的商品或更大的数量,或鼓励淡季购买,或商品的存储与现存的产品有关的项目。

1.advertising广告—competitors竞争对手—publicity宣传—sales

promotion促销

2.advertising agency广告代理—advertising campaign广告活动—media

plan媒体计划—word-of-mouth advertising 口头广告

3.advertising manager广告经理—brand-switcher经常换品牌的人—

marketing manager营销经理—sales rep销售代表

4.after-sales service售后服务—guarantee保修—optional features选择性功

能—points of sale 销售地点

5.brand awareness品牌意识—brand loyalty品牌忠诚—brand name品牌名-

brand preference品牌偏好

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f02710719.html,petitions竞争—coupons优惠券—free samples免费样品—

line-stretching产品线延伸

7.credit terms信贷条款—discount折扣—list price价目表—packaging包装

8.decline下降—growth成长—introduction引进—product improvement产品

改进

9.focus group interviews焦点团体访谈—internal research内部研究—media

plan媒介计划—questionnaire调查问卷

10.packaging包装—place地方—product产品—promotion促销

Unit13

Bookkeeping 簿记Accounting 会计、会计学managerial accounting 管理会计c ost accounting 成本会计tax accounting 税务会计

auditing 牢记

“creative accounting”违法伪造会计

assets 资产liabilities 负债turnover 营业额earnings or income 收入

stock (GB) or inventory (US) 存储存货

shareholders (GB) or stockholders (US) 股东depreciation (GB) or amortization (US) 折旧

creditors (GB) or accounts payable (US) 债权人应付账额debtors (GB) or accounts receivable (US) 债务人应收账额overheads (GB) or overhead (US) 一般管理费用

In times of inflation, this understates the value of appreciating assets such as land, but overstates profits as it does not record the replacement cost of plant or stock.

在通货膨胀时期,这低估了资产升值的价值,如土地的价值,但高估了利润,因为它没有记录的工厂或股票的替代成本

Part of the profit goes to the government in taxation, part is usually distributed to shareholders (stockholders) as a dividend and part is retained by the company.

利润的一部分以税收的形式给了政府,一部分是常常被分配给股东作为股息,还有一部分是被公司留存。

Companies also have intangible assets, whose value is difficult to quantify or turn into cash, such as goodwill, patents, copyrights and trade marks.

公司还拥有无形资产,其价值是难以量化或换算成现金,如商誉、专利、版权及商标。

the basic accounting equation : Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity

基本会计等式:资产=负债+所有者权益

Unit14

cash card 借记卡credit card 信用卡home banking 家庭银行loan 贷款mortgage 抵押overdraft 透支

standing order or direct debit 直接借记

current account (GB) or checking account (US) 活期存折

deposit account (GB) or time or notice account (US) 储蓄存款

cash dispenser (GB) or ATM (automated teller machine) (US) 自动取款机

Commercial or retail banks are businesses that trade in money. They receive and hold deposits, pay money according to customers’instruction, lend money, offer investment advice, exchange foreign currencies and so on.

商业或零售银行是货币交易的企业。他们接受和留存存款,根据客户的指令付钱、借出钱、提供投资建议、兑换外币等。

Investment banks, often called merchant banks in Britain, raise funds for industry on the various financial markets, finance international trade, issue and underwrite securities, deal with takeovers and mergers, and issue government bonds.

投资银行在英国经常被称为商业银行,为各种金融市场的工业筹集资金,资助国际贸易,发行和认购证券,涉及收购与合并和发行国债。

Banks lend to blue chip borrowers (very safe large companies) at the base rate or the prime rate; all other borrowers pay more, depending on their credit standing (or credit rating, or creditworthiness): the leader’s estimation of their present and future solvency.

银行会以最基本利率或最优惠利率借钱给蓝筹借款人(非常安全的大公司);其他所有的借款人支付利率的多少取决于他自己的信贷信誉(或信贷评级,或信用可靠性):出借人对于他们现在及未来偿付能力的估计。

Furthermore, banks are not obliged to deposit any of their Eurocurrency assets at 0% interest with the central bank, which means that they can usually offer better rates to borrowers and depositors than in the home country.

此外,银行没有义务以零利率把钱存入央行,这意味着,他们通常可以提供更好的价格给借款人和存款人,比在本国的借存款更好的利率。

deposit 存款

foreign currencies 外币yield 产量、收益liquidity 流动性maturity 到期日underwrite 包销

takeover 收购

merger 合并

stockbrooking证券经纪

portfolio management 管理投资组合deregulation 放松管制conglomerate 企业集团blue chip 蓝筹solvency 偿债能力collateral 抵押品

charge interest 收取利息

pay interest 支付利息

do business 做生意exchange currencies 兑换货币issue bonds 发行债券

make loans 做贷款

make profits 赚取利润offer loans 提供贷款

offer advice 提供咨询

raise interest 加息

receive deposits 接受存款underwrite security issues 承销安全问题

unit15

A limited company is a legal entity separate from its owners and is only liable for the amount of capital that has been invested in it. If a limited company goes bankrupt, it is wound up and its assets are liquidated (i.e. sold) to pay the debts.

一个有限责任公司是一个与其所有者相对独立的法人实体,他只对已经投资的资金负责。如果一个有限责任公司破产,被关闭,他的资产被清算(卖出)来支付债务。

Companies generally use an investment bank to underwrite the issue, i.e. to guarantee to purchase all the securities at an agreed price on a certain day, if they cannot be sold to the public.

公司一般采用投资银行来认购债券,也就是保证买所有的债券在某个既定的一天以既定的价格购买,如果他们不能向公众出售所有证券。

liability 责任

creditor 债权人bankrupt=insolvent 破产assets资产

liquidate 清算liabilities 负债put up capital 投入资金venture capital 风险资本founders 创办人premises 前提underwrite 包销dividend股息

blue chip 蓝筹股

defensive stock 防御性股票growth stock 增长性股票insider share-dealing 内部交易institutional investors 机构投资者mutual fund 共有基金

market-maker 准备上市的股票的经纪人

portfolio 投资组合

stockbroker 股票经纪人

1.annual report年度报告—external auditors外聘核审计师—financial

statements财务报表—stockbroker股票经纪人

2.blue chip蓝筹股—defensive stock防御性股票—growth stock成长型股票—

rights issue增股

3.bonus issue红利发行—dividend股利—over-the-counter场外交易—

shareholder股东

4.creditor债权人—market-maker准备上市的股票的经纪人—shareholder股

东—stockbroker股票经纪人

5.debt债务—equity股票—share股票—stock股票

6.face value票面价值– market value市场价值– nominal value面值– par value面

7.float浮动—liquidation清算—share issue发行股票—underwriter认购

8.institutional investor机构投资者—insurance company保险公司—liabilities

负债—pension fund养老保险基金

9.mutual fund共同基金—portfolio投资组合—risk风险—underwriter认购

unit16

investors 投资者issuing bonds 发行债券principal 校长、本金maturity 到期日pension funds 养老金buy-and-hold investors 长期投资者non-payment 不付钱

price appreciation 升值

price depreciation 贬值

capital gains 资本收益

More and more companies now issue their own bonds rather than borrow from banks, because this is often cheaper: the market may be a better judge of the firm’s creditworthiness than a bank, i.e. it may lend money at a lower interest rate. This is evidently not a good thing for the banks, which now have to lend large amounts of money to borrowers that are much less secure than blue chip companies.

越来越多的公司发行自己的债券,而不是向银行借款,因为这样更便宜:市场可能是一个比银行更好的信誉等级评价,也就是,它可以以一个更低的利率借出钱。对银行来说,这显然不是一件好事,现在银行不得不借出大量的钱给那些不比蓝筹公司那么安全的借款人。

In other words, a company deducts its interest payments from its profits before paying tax, whereas dividends are paid out of already-taxed profits.

换句话说,公司在纳税前从利润中扣除其支付的利息,已征税的利润来支付股息。

On the other hand, increasing debt increases financial risk: bond interest has to be paid, even in a year without any profits from which to deduct it, and the principal has to be repaid when the debt matures, whereas companies are not obliged to pay dividends or repay share capital.

另一方面,渐增的债务增加了金融风险:债券利息的支付,即使在一年内,扣除它后没有任何利润,当债务到期时当事人必须偿还,然而公司没有义务支付股息或偿还股本。

equity financing 股权融资issuing shares 发行股票debt financing 债务融资issuing bonds 发债bearer certificate 承载证书liquid 自由兑换

yield 收益

coupon 息票

par 票面的=nominal=face value (100%)

the rate of interest paid by a fixed interest security 固定收益证券Unit17

futures 期货

options 期权commodities 日用品derivatives: 金融衍生品hedging 套期保值speculation 投机premium 议价,升水discount 贴水

spot market 现货市场futures marker 期货市场

Yet there are also futures markets on which contracts can be made to buy and sell commodities, currencies, and various financial assets, at a future date (e.g. three, six or nine months ahead), but with the price fixed at the time of the deal.

然而,也有期货市场的合约可以购买和出售商品,货币和各种金融资产在未来某个日期(如三个月,六个月或九个月之后),但是按照交易时既定的价格交易。

Futures, options and other derivatives exist in order that companies and individuals may attempt to diminish the effects of, or profit from, future changes in commodity and asset prices, exchange rates, interest rates, and so on.

期货,期权和其他金融衍生的存在是为了公司和个人尝试去减少影响,或,从商品和资产价格、汇率、利率的未来变化中获得利润。

Alternatively, you can write a put option giving someone else the right to sell the shares at 100: if the market price remains above 100, no one will exercise the option, so you earn the premium.

也许,你可以卖一个看跌期权,给别人100股这个权利:如果市场价格仍然保持在100以上,没有人会行使这个权,因此你赚取了升水。

appreciate – depreciate 升值- 贬值

call – put 看涨–看跌

discount – premium 贴水–升水

drought – flood 干旱–洪水

floating – fixed 浮动- -固定

hedging – speculation 对冲–投机

spot market – futures market现货市场- 期货市场

strike price – market price 敲定价格- 市场价格

unit24

Theoretically, in the absence of speculation, exchange rates should reflect purchasing power parity - the cost of a given selection of goods and services in different countries.

从理论上讲,在没有投机的情况下,汇率会反映购买力平价—选择在不同国家的货物和服务的成本。

Proponents of floating exchange rates, such as Milton Friedman, argued that currencies would automatically establish stable exchange rates, which would reflect economic realities more precisely than calculations by central bank officials.

浮动汇率的支持者如米尔顿·弗里德曼,认为货币会自动建立稳定的汇率,这比央行官员所反映经济现实更为精确。

This has led to the current situation in which 95% of the world's currency transactions are unrelated to transactions in goods but are purely speculative.

这导致了世界上95%的货币交易与商品交易无关,只是纯粹的投机的现实状况。

adjust 调整convert 转换、兑换abolish 取消、废除suspend暂停fluctuate 波动diverge分歧、偏离appreciate 升值establish 建立peg 钉

revalue 再评估

Unit27

balance of trade 贸易差额balance of payments 收支平衡surplus 顺差

deficit 赤字dumping 倾销protectionism保护主义tariffs 关税

quotas配额

The majority of economists believe in the comparative cost principle, which proposes that all nations will raise their living standards and real income if they specialize in the production of those goods and services in which they have the highest relative productivity.

大多数经济学家主张相对成本原则,他们建议所有国家通过专注于他们具有高产能的商品和服务,来提高他们的生活水平和实际收入。

Democratic government do, which often encourages them to impose tariffs and quotas in order to protect what they see as strategic industries –notably agriculture –without which the country would be in danger if there was a war, as well as other jobs.

民主政府经常鼓励征收关税和配额,为了保护他们认为具有战略意义的产业—特别是农业—如果有战争,国家没有农业将会很危险,并不亚于其他工作。

With tariffs, it is impossible to know the quantity that will be imported, because prices might be elastic.

关于关税,它是不可能知道将要进口的数量,因为价格可能有弹性。

商务英语笔记整理

商务英语整理笔记 询价还价(询盘还盘) inquiry 询盘 offer/quotation 报盘 ※firm offer 实盘 ※non-firm offer 虚盘 ※subject to 以---为准例:我方向您放报实盘,以您方在下周前回复为准。We send you firm offer subject to your reply reaching us before next week、 subject to our final confirmation/prior sale/goods being unsold 以我们最后的确认/以前的销售/未出售货物为准(了解即可) This offer is valid/open/good/firm for 3 days、该报价有效期为3天。 counter offer 还盘 offerer 发盘人 offeree 受盘人 ※superior to 比---好superior quality 质量上乘inferior to 不如---- 考点在to The goods is of superior quality、产品质量上乘。 ※sale by trademark/brand/name of origin 按照商标/品牌/产地名销售 discount 打折e、g、打7折30% discount Your price is rather at the high side/low side、您的价格高/低。 ※out of stock 缺货 ※supply from stock 供现货 ※supply sb with 例:我方向您方提供100吨核桃现货。We supply you with 100 tons of walnuts from stock、market is firm 市场趋升market is active 市场活跃market is strong 市场坚挺 specialize in +名词专营---- line 行业或职业What’s you line?您从事什么行业? line 行情out of line of the market 与市场不符合 in line with 与---一致 considerable business 大量生意 Chamber of Commerce 商会 ※CIFC3% London=成本、保险加运费及3%的佣金运至伦敦港口 price list 价目表 平等互利的基础上on the basis of equality and mutual benefit We owe your name and address to +人或公司承蒙-----告知贵公司的名称与地址 有竞争力的价格competitive price ※与其她供应商比较起来,我们的价格更有竞争力。Our prices are more competitive than those of other suppliers、或Our prices compare favorably with those of other suppliers、 ※首批订单initial order ※试订单trial order ※place/book an order with sb、向某人订货 常用的贸易术语 A、E组发货 1※、EX works 工厂交货(……指定地点) (备注: ex=from)

新编剑桥商务英语(中级)课文译文

Unit 6a Reporting Results 第六单元a 报告业绩 Annual Report 年度报告 A 我们目前正实施的资源增效计划所创造的利润基本抵消了罢工及不利汇价造成的损失,这种成本绩效的改进,实现了高达1亿英镑的业绩。另外一个收人来源是最近我们出售了独家拥有的子公司迪诺克斯。 B 公司稳步发展,税前利润和例外项目上升到5.96亿英镑。公司业绩良好的一个特点仍然还是严格的现金管理制度。投资的增加给公司带来了压力,但资产负债表显示,尽管有3.46亿英镑的支出,净现金收入还是达到了32亿英镑。 C 贸易额增长了4.5%,与近几年相比有了大幅度的提高;营业额提高了3%。去年底完成的结构重组计划,使经营利润也同时增长。这一项目虽然成功、但也使净现金减少到4.72亿英镑。 D 去年我们的主要业绩是收购了一家特色化工制品公司。这一投资以及已经制定的资产出售计划。将使公司的经营范围更加合理。由于公司非核心业务经营业绩不佳。交易利润下降了7%,证明我们目前所采取的行动是合理的。 Unit 7a Health and Safety 第七单元a 卫生与安全 5 STEPS TO RISH ASSESSMENT 风险评估的五个步骤 风险评估就是对工作中可能导致人身伤害的潜在危险进行周密极查,以此判断是否已经采取了足够的防范措施或者是否应该增加其他措施以防止危害发生。风险评估的目的是保证没有人受到人身伤害或者得病。事故和疾病可能夺去人的生命,而且,如果产量减少、机器被毁、保险费用增加或者需要打官司,还会影响到公司的业务。 进行风险评估时需要判断的重要事项包括:判断事故隐患是否重大,是否采取了适当的防范措施以把危害减到最小。 如果你的公司规模很小,井且你自信熟悉风险评估这项工作,你可以进行自我评估,或者,你也可以让有责任心的员工、安全事务代理人、安全员来帮你做这项工作。如果你自己没有把握,可向地方健康和安全监督员咨询。但切记:你有责任保证防范借施充分落实到位。 第一步 在你的工作场所周围巡视一遍,重新检查有什么可能引起伤害的潜在危险。忽略无关紧要的细节,把注意力集中在可能引起重大伤害或可能伤及群休的重大隐患上。向你的员工或员工代表了解他们的想法。因为他们每天身临工作场所,每天都在工作,他们可能已经注意到了一些井不是一目了然的情况。 第二步 把那些并不始终在工作场所的人员也考虑进去,比如清洁工、承包人以及维修人员。那些到访的公众也要考虑进去,他们也有可能因为你们的生产活动而受到伤害。 第三步 即使采取了充分的防范措施,仍然还会有危险存在。你需要对每种重大隐患作出判断:现存的危险是否重大,一般还是很小。首先,要考虑是否已经做了法律要求你必须做的一切。再想一想普遍接受的行业标准是否适宜。但不要就此而止,还要再为自己考虑一下,因为法.律规定你必须采取合理措施以保证工作场所的安全。切记:你的目的是通过增加必要的防范措施来减少安全隐患。 第四步 如果你的员工少于5人,就不必采用书面形式记录下来;但如果你有5个或5个以上的员工,就必须把评估的主要结果记录下来。也就是说要把那些较为重大的隐患写下来,并把最重要的发现结果记录在案。你应该保存这一书面材料以备将来参考。如果监督员来查询你的防范措施或者如果你卷入了一场民事责任诉讼,这份材料对你就特别有用。这份材料还能够证明你已经按照法律行事了,而且它还可么提醒你密切关注具体事务或者引起你优虑的事故隐患。 第五步 有时候,你无疑需要引进新的机器、物品以及工作程序,而这些有可能引发新的隐患。如果有重大变化,

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