2007通过阅读学词汇6级(Unit 1)43

2007通过阅读学词汇6级

主编：李寄

副主编：居方

编者：陆小兵张子源周莹徐娟

通过阅读学词汇——最佳词汇记忆方略

学习英语词汇的方法不尽相同。较为常见的方法是买上一本英语词汇手册从头至尾狂背一气。这种方法简便易行，为许多同学采纳。但实践和研究都无可辩驳地表明，这种看似事半功倍的词汇记忆方法死板机械，收效甚微。另外，按字母顺序记忆的单调乏味会挫伤英语学习的兴趣，长此以往甚至会造成对英语学习的心理障碍。

另一种方法就是通过阅读学习词汇。在轻松阅读的同时，在上下文语境中，“死词”变成了“活词”。错落有致的词汇编排不再枯燥乏味，数以千计的单词也不再令人生畏。通过阅读学习词汇是最佳的词汇学习方略，这是语言教学专家和心理专家的一致忠告。这本《通过阅读学词汇》就是先进的词汇记忆方略的具体体现。

在编写中，我们注重了以下几点：

美文欣赏，背句学词。一个单词脱离了实际使用的上下文语境，记牢会用是难以想象的。我们精心挑选了70篇优美短文，并配上了短文的汉语语境。将词汇（其中左上角加★者为四级单词，加▲者为六级后单词）置于英汉双语语境中，读者在欣赏优美短文、背诵地道语句（在英语语境中用下划波浪线标出）的同时，可以牢牢地记住这些单词并学会如何运用。英汉语境并置是本书最大的特点，也是国内外同类图书中前所未有的。

分块（chunking）或定量记忆。我们把2500多个词汇分成70课，使看似浩瀚的词海在心理上变少变易，使读者一步一个脚印到达最终目标。

注重重现率，强化记忆。据语言专家研究，一个单词重现5~10次学习者方能记牢。编者精心设计，将相当一部分单词置于不同英语语境中，并在汉语语境中作“单词回放”，增加重

现率，以助学习者达到快速记忆和活用的效果，并将短期记忆转化为长期记忆。

重点突破词汇，兼及阅读、翻译。本书所选单词多为六级核心常考词汇。并在词条后给出相应联想词、词组等供扩展记忆。我们还将所选短文译成汉语，并就其中要点、难点作注。所以本书亦是理想的六级阅读、翻译的辅导教材。

与时俱进是千古不易的真理。始自2005年，四、六级考试的题型作了较大调整，考试更加侧重词汇、阅读和翻译。我们抓住这一契机，对本书作了全新的修订，使之更贴近英语学习和测试。本书的全新修订版增加了如下版块：

核心词汇预览。我们在每单元的10篇美文中精心挑选了近百个关键词，供读者在阅读美文、记忆单词前进行预览。如此安排不仅增加了核心词汇的重视率，而且有效地降低了读者阅读美文的难度，为读者使用本书降低了台阶。

新题型练习。四、六级考试新题型设计的突出特点是通过短文考查学生的词汇、阅读、翻译水平。由此为出发点，我们设计了选词填空、完型填空和中译英三类题型的练习，希望读者在通过阅读学词汇的同时，辅之以通过练习学词汇。

早在2000年，我们推出“通过阅读学词汇”这一词汇学习理念时，是忐忑不安、诚惶诚恐的，但读者和业界的反映出乎我们的意料。对此我们甚感欣慰，因为广大读者因之受益是我们最大的追求。

李寄

于南京大学

核心词汇预览1 Unit 1

Unit 1核心词汇预览（Lesson 1 ~ Lesson 10）

breakthrough突破diversion转移

stimulus 刺激courtesy 有礼貌的举止（或言词）

literacy 识字irritate 使恼怒

originate 起源于brisk 轻快的

incentive 鼓励weary 疲劳的

ambiguous 含糊不清的deteriorate 恶化

manipulate 操纵blush 脸红

perpetual 永久的hypocrisy 伪善

persistent 坚持不懈的spectacle 壮观

legislation 立法exceptional 杰出的

accountable 负有责任的impulse 冲动

revenge 报复blossom 开花

momentum 动力adverse 有害的

intense 强烈的enlighten 启发

(a)esthetic 审美的savage 野蛮的

gleam 闪亮inherit 继承

serenity 平静compulsory 强制性的

denial 否认juvenile 少年的

vulgar 庸俗的delinquency 失职

illuminate 启发corpse 部队

consensus 一致同意mobility 流动性

graphic 生动的drawback 缺点

misery 苦难intersection 交叉口

metropolitan 大都会的bewilder 使迷惑

sacred 神圣的menace 威胁

eloquent 口才流利的simultaneous 同时发生的

temper 脾气pearl 珍珠

deprive 剥夺enroll 入学

captive 被俘虏的formulate 构想出（计划）

intricate 错综复杂的imperative 紧急的

monotonous 单调无聊的cripple 跛子

sensation 知觉perfection 完美

solitary 孤独的induce 引诱

divine 天赐的radiant 光芒四射的

indignation 愤怒flare （火焰）闪耀

suspension 中止authority 权威

patriotism 爱国主义strive 努力

compensate 补偿epidemic 流行性的

Lesson 1 Elementary Schools in Early America

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthroughs such

as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?

Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal,“spatial”thinking about things technological.

Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.

Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”

A further stimulus to inven tion came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.

In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process. The designer and the inventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”

This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painti ng and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

When all these shaping forces — schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking —interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.

名人名言

What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. — Joseph Addison

A college diploma does not mean you are educated. Quite the contrary, it means that you have been opened up to a perpetual state of ignorance and thus a lifelong hunger for more — more

ideas, more knowledge, more good thoughts, more challenges, more of everything.

—James Lehrer

早期的美国小学

是什么导致了美国早期重要发明的涌现——诸如电报、蒸汽船和织布机这样的突破(breakthrough)?

在诸多形成因素中，我要特别指出如下因素：美国优秀的小学；欢迎新技术的劳动力；给发明者以奖励的制度；尤其是美国人对技术性事物的非语言的、“空间式”思维的天才。

为什么要提到小学呢?因为全靠这些学校，我们早期的机械工人才会能读会写(literate)，并精通算术以及一部分几何和三角学；在新英格兰和沿大西洋中部诸州尤其是这样。

敏锐的外国观察家认为美国人的适应性和创造性得益于这种教育的优势。正如一位1853年访问过这里的英国委员会成员所记载的，“通过彻底的学校纪律的训练，美国孩子很快成长为熟练的工人。”

对发明的进一步激励（stimulus）来自于“奖励”制度，这种制度在专利(patent)制度之前产生，并与其共存了数年。这种起源于（originated）国外的方法，为发明者提供奖章、现金和其它奖励。

在美国，为新设备提供的众多(multitudes)奖项在主要城市的国家展览会和行业展览会上颁发。美国人蜂拥到这些展览会上欣赏新机器，这使他们更加坚信技术进步的好处。

在技术创造受到的这种鼓励下，美国工人很容易就掌握了机械技术中所要求的那种独特的非语言式的思维方式。正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那样，“一位技术家所考虑的东西是难以用语言加以确切的描述的；他脑中用来处理它们的是一个视觉的而非语言的（nonverbal)过程。设计者和发明者能够在他们的脑子里把尚未存在的设备安装和操作(manipulate)起来。”

这种非语言的“空间”思维可以具有像绘画和写作一样的创造性。罗勃特·富尔顿曾经说过，“技工应该在杠杆、螺钉、楔子、车轮等之间坐下，像一个诗人处在字母表的字母中一样，把它们视作他的思想的展示，一种新的排列就会传递一种新的思想。”

当所有这些形成因素——学校，开放式态度，奖励制度，空间思维的天赋——在富有的美国大陆上相互作用时，它们产生了美国特征：竞争。如今这个单词意味着纯粹的模仿（imitation）。但是在早些时候，它意味着为出人头地而进行的友好而激烈的竞争。

名人名言

教育之于人的心灵，犹如雕刻之于大理石。

——约瑟夫·艾迪生大学文凭并不意味着你受教育了。正相反，这意味着你已走进永久的（perpetual）无知，所以要用一生去追求更多——更多的想法，更多的知识，更多的好思想，更多的挑战，任何事物都知道更多。

——詹姆士·莱勒

Lesson 2 Fight Against Y outh Smoking

Three years ago, appalled by how many children were becoming addicted to cigarettes every year, the Vice President and I committed this administration to stopping the sale and marketing of cigarettes to children. Today, thanks to these efforts and the persistence of state attorneys general, the public health community, and leaders in Congress, we have the best opportunity ever to pass comprehensive anti-smoking legislation that will save millions of our children from a premature, painful, and very preventable death.

This week, in a historic and resounding 19 to 1 vote, a key Senate committee gave its stamp of approval to comprehensive legislation sponsored by Senator John McCain, a Republican, and

—Bill Clinton

名人名言

Today, I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nation’s children from an even more deadly threat: smoking. Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs and fires combined. Nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18.

Today, the epidemic of teen smoking is raging throughout our nation as, one by one, our children are lured by multimillion dollar marketing schemes designed to do exactly that. Consider this:

3,000 children start to smoke every day illegally, and 1,000 of them will die sooner because of it.

—Bill Clinton 反对青少年吸烟

三年以前，我和副总统为每年有如此众多的儿童染上烟瘾而震惊（appalled），我们决定让这届政府致力于禁止向儿童出售和营销香烟。今天，凭借我们的决心以及各州总检察长、公共医疗机构和国会领导人的不懈努力（persistence），我们已迎来了有史以来通过一项全面的反吸烟法案的最好时机。这一法案(legislation)可使数百万儿童避免痛苦地夭折，这样的死亡本来是完全可以避免的。

这个星期，参议院一个重要的委员会以历史性的响亮的19票对1票通过了一项由共和党参议员约翰·麦肯和民主党参议员弗立特·霍林斯提出的全面议案。该议案的通过将可能在未来十年内使年轻人吸烟人数减少一半。该议案代表着一个巨大的进步，它将提高香烟价格，授予食品与药物局全权管理烟草产品，禁止面向青少年做烟草广告，并且保护种植烟草的农场主。

关于这个议案，我们仍有工作要做。首先，我们必须制订严厉的惩罚措施，如果烟草行业继续向年轻人出售香烟就要让他们付出代价。在这个星期，疾病控制中心发布的令人不安的报告说，三分之一以上的美国青少年已是吸烟者，尽管他们吸烟是违法的。

现在是需要烟草公司承担责任（accountable）的时候了。减少青少年吸烟量必须成为所有人最终的目标。我们要记住——这与政治或金钱无关，也不是为了报复（revenge）烟草行业过去的行为，我们并不试图让烟草公司关门。我们是要他们不再向孩子们出售香烟。这个星期参议院取得的进步表明在两党中都有完成这项任务的势头(momentum)。

还有许多问题需要解决，许多长夜在等着我们。不过，我们已经有望取得我国有史以来在公共健康方面最重要的胜利。

最后，让我暂停一下，以悼念美国最伟大的英雄，马丁·路德·金博士逝世30周年。他的梦想，深深地植根于美国梦想之中，是全体美国人共同的梦想。让我们的美国人民永远铭记金博士的话，努力（strive）实现他的遗志(legacy)。

——比尔·克林顿

名人名言

今天，我想和诸位谈谈我们目前拥有的保护我们的子女免受一种更致命的威胁——吸烟——的历史性机遇。吸烟每天导致死亡的人数比艾滋病、酗酒、车祸、谋杀、自杀、吸毒及火灾加在一起导致的死亡人数还要多。这些吸烟者中90%是在18岁之前开始吸第一根烟的。

今天，随着我们的孩子一个一个被吸引青少年吸烟的耗资数百万美元的营销手段所诱惑（lured），青少年吸烟的流行病（epidemic）正在全国蔓延。请考虑以下事实：每天有3，000名儿童开始违法吸烟，由于吸烟，他们中间有1，000人将为此短命。

——比尔·克林顿

Lesson 3 Beauty Is Meaningless

Ayoung man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet they do convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe, for language, which was invented to convey the meaning of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset

年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解或表达心中激起的那种强烈感情，便断定日落处一定是通往遥远世界的大门。我们任何人在强烈感受美的（aesthetic）时刻都不禁联想到：我们似乎瞥见从一个不同世界射向我们的一线光芒，不仅不同，而且因为这种美具有强烈感染力，所以在某种程度上更高级。还有，尽管这光芒（gleams）使人眼花缭乱，但它确实传送了一种我们未曾经历的和无法想象的美和静谧的启示。这种美和静谧（serenity）是我们所不能描述的，因为人们创造语言的目的是表达我们这个世界的各种意义，无法轻易地运用于另一个世界。

不可否认(undeniable)，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人有超尘脱俗的浮想的力量。在某种状态

下，大自然就具有这种魅力。六月的天空蓝得令人心醉，可是它总是暗示还有更蓝的天空；日落美得令人心醉，可是它总是暗示还有更美的景象，一个未被饱览就消失的、而且在消失的时候留给人们一种莫名的渴望和遗憾的景象。但是，如果这个世界不只是一场恶作剧的话，如果生命不只是惨淡的星光里的平凡的一闪（flare）的话，如果存在不只是神秘的宗教仪式传出的一阵空虚的笑声的话，如果对某种玄妙的事物的暗示不是由于消化不良而引起的不好情绪，或者不是一种魔鬼送来嘲笑（mock）我们并使我们发狂的怪念头的话，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我们千万不要设法去阐明它的意义。如果我们瞥见难以言传的东西，企图用语言把它表达出来是不明智的，我们也不应该设法给我们所不理解的事物赋予意义。从人生各种意义来看，美是难以言传的。

名人名言

）

）

.

rational

’s worst

of tellers is inadequate to the number of patrons. Even when the bank is open you see long lines in front of the money machines outside.”

“Supermarkets,” said Ed Frantz, a graphic artist, who once abandoned a full shopping cart in the middle of a long checkout line. It was not a political act. “The line was filled with coupon clippers and check writers,” he recalled. “And suddenly I had to walk away. Foo d no longer mattered.”

In any line the fundamental rule is first come, first served, or what social scientists call “distributive justice.” Exceptions may be made, say, in fancy restaurants where the headwaiters

have their favorites, but, in general, the rule prevails.

If misery loves company, so do sports fans. Dr. Leon Mann documented this several years ago when, as a Harvard professor, he studied the long overnight queues for tickets to ball games in his native Australia.

“Outside the stadium somethin g of a carnival atmosphere prevails,” he wrote in The American Journal of Sociology. “The devotees sing, sip warm drinks, play cards and huddle together.”

Like the teams they had come to watch, the fans in line took timeouts. Some worked in shifts, with certain members leaving to take naps or eat meals, while others saved their places in line. Some staked claims in line with items of personal property such as sleeping bags and folding chairs. “During the early hours of waiting,”Dr. Mann noted, “the queue s often consisted of one part people to two parts inanimate objects.”

Nobody has ever seriously studied Helen Quinn’s Saturday morning line for Metropolitan Opera tickets, but perhaps someone should —Miss Quinn is not an official at the Met.

For 15 years standees at the opera have been doing just that, thanks to Miss Quinn’s ticketing system. She makes, dates and numbers her tickets —one for each of the 175 standingroom spots available —and dispenses them to early birds. Assured of a place, ticket holders then leave and return shortly before 8 A.M. to line up for the real tickets.

名人名言

There is a sacredness in tears. They are not the mark of weakness, but of power. They speak more eloquently than 10,000 tongues. They are the messengers of overwhelming grief, of deep contrition and unspeakable love.

—Washington Irving 排队

排队，英国人说queue up, 美国人除纽约人说wait on line外，都用wait in line。纽约人为什么要用那个地方性的说法，似乎没人知道，这倒是可以在排队时好好思索一番(ponder)的问题。

需要思索的还有一点：据估计，美国人一生中花费在枯燥、累人（weary）却又躲避不掉的等待上的时间竟达五年之多。研究表明，如果人被迫排队，或挤在人群中等待，本来深明事理的人也会失去理智，甚至暴跳如雷。

排队是城市生活中一大严肃的现实难题。对于城市里什么队最难排，人们似乎没有一致的看法（consensus），但常常听到人们到处谈论的，莫过于午饭时间在银行和邮局的排队。年轻人当中，经常议论纷纷的则是买电影票和大学注册的排队了。

“银行里的排队最讨厌了，”投资者马克·斯隆说。“不论什么时候去银行，接待顾客(patron)的出纳员也总是不够。即使在营业时间里，也能看到银行外面的自动提款机跟前排着长队。”“最难排的队要数超级市场了，”书画（graphic）艺术家埃得·弗兰茨说。有一次，他在等待付款的长队中间将满载货物的购物车扔下就走了。这并非是什么政治行动。他回忆说：“长

队中又是剪配给票（coupon）的，又是填支票的。猛然间，我觉得必须离开那里。买不买食品已经无所谓了。”

不管在什么地方排队，基本原则都是先到先办事，或者用社会学家的话说，就是“公平待人。”当然啦，例外情况也是有的。比如，高级饭店对老主顾就优先。不过一般情况下是遵守这个原则的。

如果说受罪（misery）的人愿意凑在一起，体育比赛的观众也一样。几年前哈佛大学教授列昂·曼博士在其祖国澳大利亚对通宵排队购买球赛入场券的现象作了研究，著文证明了这一点。

“体育馆外面呈现出某种狂欢节的气氛”，他在《美国社会学杂志》上写道。“球迷们唱着歌，呷着热饮料，打扑克，挨挨挤挤，互相拥作一团。”

15

（

tough

good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.

The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single trainer who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.

The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away.

But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear. Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, an intricate business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.

When several elephants are being trained at one time it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its

使大象干活，把它打到顺从为止。撇开道义方面的考虑，这种调驯法是愚蠢的，因为这种方法会使大象“怀恨在心”，在以后某个阶段它很可能变成伤人的动物。“温柔法”要求在调驯早期的各个阶段有更多的耐心，但这能调教出一头心甘情愿的、脾气温顺(good-tempered)的大象，忠实地为您服务好多年。

驯象中至关重要的是，为大象指派一个专门的、全面负责这项工作的驯象员。大象像狗一样，喜欢有一个专一的主人，而且能够对主人有一种相当程度的私人感情。居然有这类的故事：已经半驯服了的小象（calves），由于不得已的情况与驯象员分开后，竟拒绝吃食，以至消瘦而死亡。

把15至20岁的象捕来驯练最为经济，因那时象已几乎具有承担重活的能力，并能马上开始挣回它的饲养费。但这种年龄的象不容易顺从于人，因此在调驯的初期必须雇用相当成熟的老手。捕来（captive）且牢固地拴在树上的象，每当有人走近时就会猛烈前冲和发出尖叫，并且由于愤怒和恐惧而可能好几天拒绝吃食。有时把一头驯服的象拴在附近以取得野象的信任，大多数情况下，新捕的象会逐渐安静下来，并开始接受喂饲的食物。下一步骤是把这头象赶到调驯场所。这是一宗繁杂的（intricate）事情，要通过把两头已驯服的象拴在新捕获象的两侧来完成。

在同时要调驯几头象时，习惯上(customary)是把新来的一头安置在已调教得很好的两头象的象厩中间，然后给予足量的食物和水，使它完全不受惊扰，这样，新象可以适应新居的气氛并看到同伴们并未发生什么特别令人担惊受怕的事情。当新象饮食正常时，它们的调教即可

One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.

The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a

disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.

名人名言

球不应被判无效，对手的胜利是不公平的。他们的经理在说这些话时十分愤怒：“这不是曲棍球。曲棍球和国际曲棍球联合会都完蛋了。”联合会主席后来说球队这样的行为可导致其被判停赛（suspension）至少3年。

在前苏联与美国的一场结局具有争议性的比赛之后，美国篮球队宣称他们不会向苏联队屈服。这场比赛在骚乱（disturbance）中结束。一开始大家认为美国队将以一分的优势获胜，但是后来宣布离比赛结束还有3秒钟。然后，一位苏联选手从赛场一端把球向另一端传去，接着另一位选手将球扣入篮中。这是美国篮球队首次在奥林匹克篮球赛中失利。美国队员投票表决拒绝接受银牌。

只要体育运动仍是为竞争而不是因热爱运动本身而举办，那么此类事件就会层出不穷。目前奥林匹克组织太过于鼓励激进爱国主义精神（patriotism）了。

也可以这么说，明智的、勤奋的、有用的人可以分成两类：第一类，他们工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐。第二类，他们的工作和娱乐是一码事。在这两种人当中，前者占多数。他们得到相应的补偿（compensations）。长时间的办公室或工厂里工作，作为回报给他们带来的不仅是维持生计的金钱，而且是一种渴求消遣的强烈欲望，哪怕这种消遣是以最简单、最朴实的方式进行。命运的宠儿则属于第二类人。他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。对他们来说，工作时间永远太短，每个工作日都是假期；正常的假日来临之时，他们总是抱怨（grudged）他们正在全神贯注的工作被强行中断。然而，对于这两种人来说，变换一下视角，改变（diversion）一下氛围，做一件别的事，是十分必要的。的确如此，那些工作即娱乐的人们

considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?

Older people, tired and irritable from a day’s work, are not angels, either —far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too

rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won’t bother to assist, taxi-drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.

名人名言

People throw away what they could have by insisting on perfection, which they cannot have, and looking for it where they will never find it.

—Edith Schaeffer I would rather see a young man blush than turn pale.

—Mark Twain You may be disappointed if you fail, but you are doomed if you don’t try.

—Beverly Sills

礼貌事实上不复存在

如今，礼貌在像伦敦这样的大都市里实际上已经不存在了。一个大个头，身体强壮的男学生在冲向地铁或公共汽车的最后一个座位时，用肘部把一个老太太推向一旁，这已经不算什么了，更别指望他站起来把座位让给老太太，尽管他应该那样做。实际上，我们悲哀地发现如果真有一个人把自己的座位让给老年妇女，那么这个人几乎总是欧洲大陆人或是上一代人。

在公共交通工具上让座的问题常被青年人反驳，他们说，既然妇女要求平等，那么她们将不应再被礼貌(courtesy)对待，那些出去工作的人应该像其他任何人一样在激烈的竞争中轮流等候。妇女从未声明像男子一样身强力壮。即使年轻男子不同意应该让位给年轻女子的做法，但是对那些老人，病者和负重之人仍应给予礼貌。难道我们真的丧失了所有的无私思想，以至于我们在一位白发苍苍的老太太，一位抱着孩子的母亲或一伤残者（cripple）站在旁边时，能够如此漫不经心地读着报纸或一本书，同时对自己说“先来，先享受”吗? 然而这却是太常见的景象了。

我们知道，对每个人来讲，旅途中的条件都是很苦的，但是艰苦确实不是理由。有时人们想知道，在一列拥挤的难民车或在战期驶往监狱的火车上，那些强壮的（stout）年轻男子会怎样做。那时，他们会不会认为为自己留下最好的位子是正确的并且是他们的应得权益?

老人，常因一天的工作变得劳累且易怒（irritate），他们也不会表现得如天使一般——远远不会。上地铁或公共汽车时，疲倦的人们前挤后拥，彼此推搡（shove），许多激烈的(brisk)或侮辱性的争吵就会爆发。当然，我们无法说这种现象是错是对，只是能理解疲倦是其发生的原因之一。

如果城市还打算保持其良好的居住环境，这一点十分必要（imperative），不仅运输工具要改进，人类之间的交流也更有必要保持畅通和有礼貌。整个城市里，似乎人们太疲倦，太匆忙以至于做不到讲礼貌。商店售货员不愿麻烦自己过来帮忙；当出租汽车司机们在拐角处危险地冲过去时，他们会彼此大吼大叫（growl）；公共汽车售票员在拼命的乘客们尚未来得及上下车之前，拉动车铃，等等，等等。在我们看来正是年轻人和强壮者出一点力以阻止这种状况恶化（deteriorate）的时候了。

人们往往坚持完美（perfection）而扔掉了一些他们原本可以有的东西，但他们是不可能拥有完美的，虽然他们还在永远找不到完美的地方到处搜寻。

——伊迪丝·谢弗我宁可看到年轻人脸红，也不愿看到他脸色变得苍白。

——马克·吐温失败了你或许会失望，但如果不去试，那你就死定了。

——贝弗利·西尔斯

Lesson 8 On Ambition

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s

less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

名人名言

Courage is not the towering oak that sees storms come and go; it is the fragile blossom that opens in the snow.

—Alice Swain If you want your children to improve, let them overhear the nice things you say about them to

—Haim Ginott Children who have the habit of constantly correcting should be stopped before they grow up to drive spouses and everyone else crazy by interrupting stories to say, “No, dear — it was Tuesday, not Wednesday.”

—Judith Martin 说野心

如果你对野心足够重视的话，野心必定有足够的回报——财富、出人头地和对自己命运(destiny)的把握——来补偿你为其付出的一切。但是如果野心的目的是为了更有活力，那就应该大大推广，尤其是对那些本来已经很受尊敬的人，而受过教育者不在此列。但奇怪的是，受过教育的人却宣称他们已经不把野心当作自己的理想。同样奇怪的是受教育者本人就是野心——他们自己的野心或父辈的野心——的最大受益者。这中间有很大的虚伪性（hypocrisy），就像是马厩里的马全跑光了才把门关上，而骑在马上的恰恰是这些受过教育的人。当然，如今人们一如既往地对成功及其表现感兴趣。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马轿车——位置、地名或者品牌可能会有所变化，但对以上这些的需求却一点也不比一二十年前少。事实上，人们无法像过去那样，自然、坦率地面对自己的梦想，以免被人家说成咄咄逼人、贪得无厌、粗鄙俗气（vulgar）。看到种种虚伪现象，其普遍性是空前的：有人嘴上在批评美国的物质主义，实际上却在南罕普顿置有避暑别墅；有人出版的是激进的书籍，却在三星级饭店就餐；有的新闻记者呼吁在人生各阶段参与权都应实现民主，但是却把自己的孩子送到私立学校读书。对这些人，以及那些没有他们那样出众的（exceptional）人而言，最恰如其分的概括(formulation)是：“不惜一切代价成功，但不要给人野心勃勃的（ambitious）印象。”

对野心的批评比比皆是，批评的方式多种多样；公然支持者寥寥无几，此外，他们的支持虽不能说是毫无吸引力，但就是难成气候。野心应该可以作为健康的心态，让年轻人欣赏、接受，但在美国，对这种做法的支持从未像现在这样少，这并不意味着野心已经死路一条，人们已经不再受其蛊惑、激励，而是它不再受到公开的颂扬，也不会被人挂在嘴边。当然，其结果是野心开始转入地下，或者被遮遮掩掩。现在的情况就是：左派的人对其猛烈抨击，右派的人对其盲目支持，处在中间的仍然是占大部分的老百姓，他们心态诚挚，力争快马加鞭地改善生活。

勇气不是参天橡树，俯瞰风暴来来去去，而是开放在寒天雪地中的柔弱(fragile)花朵(blossom)。

——艾丽丝·斯温如果你想让孩子们做得更好，那就让他们听到你跟别人谈起他们时说的好话吧。

——海姆·吉诺特有不停纠正别人错误的习惯的孩子必须被制止，以防他们长大以后老是打断别人，总是说：“不，亲爱的——是星期二，不是星期三。”这样会把他们的爱人（spouses）和别人逼疯的。

——朱迪思·马丁

Lesson 9 Education: One of the Key Words of Our Time

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the im portance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of

learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books—those purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits?

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and o n the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college”imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is

nothing.

—William Styrom There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. And the stimulus it affords to the sense, and a sort of infinitude which it hath, like space and time, make all matter gay. Even the corpse hath its own beauty.

—Emerson

教育：当代的关键词之一

“教育”是我们时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，没有受过教育的人是境况不佳的不

幸牺牲品，他们被剥夺了(deprived)20世纪最了不起的机会之一。现代国家由于确信教育的重要性，才向教育机构“投资”，以期以获得一大群有知识的（enlightened）男女青年的形式收回“利息”，这些青年是潜在的领导人。教育的教学周期经过了仔细的安排，其周期的标志是教科书，后者是可以买得到的智慧源泉。受不到教育的裨益，文明会成为什么样子呢?

可以肯定的是：医生和牧师，律师和被告（defendant），新婚夫妇和产儿还会有的——不过人们的精神面貌就会不同了。我们会较少强调“资料和数字”，而较多强调良好的记忆力、应用心理学以及人们和自己的伙伴相处的能力。如果我们的教育制度效法没有书籍的古代教育，我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。在我们喜欢称为野人（savage）的人们中间，传统留下的一切知识为全民共享，这种知识要授予部落的每一个成员，所以在这方面，给每个人配备的生活的本领是相等的。

只有现代教育最进步的形式才去努力恢复的就是这种“平等起点”的理想状态。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。那里没有“文盲”(如果这个词语可以用于没有文字的人群的话)，而我们的义务教育在德国成为法律是在1642年，在法国是在1806年，在英国是在1876年，但是在许多“文明”的国家里，义务（compulsory）教育仍然不存在。这表明经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识（deemed）到有必要确保使我们所有的儿童都能分享过去若干世纪中“少数幸运儿”所积累起来的知识。

荒凉地区的教育不是一个钱财（monetary）问题。所有的人都有平等起点的权利。在那里没有仓促不安的现象，而这种现象在我们的社会中常常妨碍（hamper）正在增长着的个性的全面发展。在那里孩子无时无刻不在父母的关怀下成长，因此，丛林和荒原里没有“少年（juvenile）犯罪(delinquency)”。人们没有必要离开家园去谋生，所以，不会产生孩子无人照管的现象，父亲决不会面临无力为子女教育“出钱”的问题。

名人名言

历史是不可胜数的传记的精髓。

——托马斯·卡莱尔绘画或一般意义上的艺术，就其本身而言，尽管富于技巧，从事起来困难重重，且结果独特，只不过是一种高贵而富于表现力的语言，作为思想表达的工具极具价值，但自身毫无价值。

——威廉·斯蒂伦没有任何东西会丑恶到了这样一种地步，以至于强烈的光也无法赋予其美丽。光为我们的感觉提供的刺激，以及它如同时间和空间一样所具有的一种博大使得万事万物都能变得多姿多彩、令人愉悦，甚至于尸体都具有它独到的美丽。

——爱默生

Lesson 10 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cars

The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world’s population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius.Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use

选修六 unit1必背词汇1

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北师大版高中英语选修六第7讲：Unit18 Beauty-词汇篇1(学生版)-word文档资料

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高中英语选修6重点词汇短语句子复习总结

选修6重点词汇，短语，句子复习总结 选修六. M6 Unit1 重点单词 abstract 抽象 sculpture 雕塑 belief 信仰 special特殊 visual视觉 consequently 因此 specific 具体 fragrant芳香 permanent永久 faith信念（信心） symbol象征 value 价值focus 焦点 avenue 大道 exhibition展览 possession拥有 figure图 achievemen 成就mostly 大多shadow阴影 variety 品种 contemporary 当代 custom 习俗adopt采用 object对象 explore gallery admission influence conventional convince ridiculous controversial excellent evident attempt predict collection discovery traditional amazing realistic masterpiece environment style aggressive scholar civilization counterpart scene permanent tip preference represent display fragile typical shape gradually technique reputation including replace 重点短语 focus on 集中 a great deal 大量 scores of concentrate on at the same time that Is (to say) as well as by coincidence lie in break away from on the other hand be well worth would rather appeal to精力在一个很大的成绩 集中精力在同一时间是(说) 以及巧合睡懒觉了 摆脱另一方面很值得 宁愿吸引 重点句子 1. A typical picture of this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of … 一个典型的图片的这个时候布满了宗教符号,创造了一种感觉… 2.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when … 但显然的想法改变13th世纪… 1

人教版高英选修6 重点单词和短语讲解 unit1

1.abstract 1) adj.抽象的，深刻的 Beauty is abstract ，but a house is not．美是抽象的，而房屋不是。 2)n．摘要，概括(of) Tom wrote an abstract of the scientific article. abstractly adv.抽象地，理论上 concrete adj.具体的 【2019天津】I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. 【期末测试】In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples. A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal 2. faith n.(u) 信任；信心；信念；信仰 I have great faith in her. She won’t let me down. have faith in .sth./sb.信赖某事、某人 The mother have lost faith in what her son is doing. lose faith in sth./sb.失去对某人、某事的信任I am sure he acted in good faith. in good faith真诚,诚心诚意,信赖地 He kept/broke faith with us. keep faith with守信break faith with不守信 faithful adj.忠诚的，忠心的 faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地 faithless adj.不忠诚的，无信仰的；不可依赖的，不可靠的 【2017天津】Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. 【期末测试】I don’t think what he said is __ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point. A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar 3. consequently adv.=as a result 所以，结果 as a consequence= consequently 由于（某事物）的缘故; 因而 She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence. consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的 consequence n. 结果，后果，重要性 He had to ask a doctor for help in consequence of his bad cough. in consequence of因为...的缘故【2019全国1完形】58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 【2019江苏完形】41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice 【2019北京】She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

选修六unit1词汇检测

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高中英语选修六重点短语unit1

高中英语选修六重点短语、句型复习测试 班级：______________ 姓名：___________ 学号： _______ Unit 1 Art 一、短语集锦 1)详细地 2)信任 3)瞄准、企图 4)集中精力 5)对……的看法 6)同时 7)拥有 8)使某人信服 9)巧合 10)大量 11)脱离、摆脱 12)渴望 13)接受……为 14)也就是说 15)尝试、企图 16)一方面 17)另一方面18)本人 19)一束鲜花 20)宁愿某人做某事 21)宁愿……而不愿…… 22)偏爱 23)吸引、恳求 24)各种各样的 25)每两年

二、句型汇集 1) 显然，这是我最不想做的一件事情。(evident) 2）我相信我将会拥有灿烂的未来。(convince) 3）我宁愿亲自送她去上海浦东国际机场。(would rather) 4）他一直在努力着让世界变得更美好，真实太了不起了。(amazing) Unit 1 Art 一、短语集锦 26)详细地in detail 27)信任have faith in 28)瞄准、企图aim at; aim to do 29)集中精力concentrate on 30)对……的看法 attitude to/towards 31)同时at the same time 32)拥有take possession of 33)使某人信服convince sb of/that 34)巧合by coincidence 35)大量 a great deal (of) 36)脱离、摆脱break

away from 37)渴望be eager for sth/ to do sth 38)接受……为accept … as… 39)也就是说that is (to say) 40)尝试、企图attempt to do 41)一方面on the one hand 42)另一方面on the other hand 43)本人in the flesh 44)一束鲜花 a bunch of flowers 45)宁愿某人做某事 would rather do 46)宁愿…而不愿… would rather do…than do…; prefer to do… rather than do…47)偏爱have a preference for 48)吸引、恳求appeal to 49)各种各样的 a variety of 50)每两年every two years; every second year; every other year

【译林牛津版】英语选修六：Unit1重点词汇讲解和练习(含答案)

U1 重点词汇讲解 1.There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedy. 单口喜剧很很多种。 Variety—n.多种样式；多变性 常用结构：a variety of / varieties of 多种多样的，种类繁多的，相当于形容词various 1) There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供 选择。 2) This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这种工具有多种用途。 3) She took the job for various reasons. 她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。 2.Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life. 有些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式或是日常生活开玩笑。 behave—v.表现一般与副词或介词连用 1) The doctor behaved very unprofessionally. 那位医生的做法违反职业道德。 2) He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。 【相关拓展】 behave (oneself)表现得体；有礼貌 3) I want you to behave yourself while I am away. 我不在家的时候你们要乖乖的。 4) She doesn’t know how to behave in public. 她在公共场合举止无措。 adv.-behaved 表现得……的如: well-behaved, badly-behaved 5) The badly-behaved children are really a headache to me. 那些表现得不好的孩子对我来说真头疼。 behavior n.行为，举止 3.The last kind of comedian does impressions—he or she will act or speak like a wel l-known person in order to make fun of that person. 最后一类会进行印象模仿—演员会模仿一个名人来表演或说话以取笑那个名人。 make fun of –开……的玩笑，嘲笑……意思相当于laugh at 1) Don’t make fun of people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑残疾人。 【相关拓展】 注意fun 是不可数名词，与fun有关的短语或句型有： have fun =have a good time 玩得开心 It is fun to do sth. 做某事有趣 2) What fun it is to do sth！做某事多有趣啊！ 3) What fun it is to walk in the snow! 在雪中散步真是有意思！ 4.People around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy Awards. 全世界的人们都喜欢看他主持奥斯卡颁奖庆典。 award (1)n.奖；奖品；奖金；奖状 1) He won an award for his good performance. 他因表演得好而获奖。 2) People like to attend the award ceremony hosted by him. 人们喜欢参加他主持的颁奖仪式。

选修六unit1重点词汇导学案

必修1 Unit 5 First Aid Period 1: Words and phrases 学习目标： 1. 扎实掌握词汇用法，提升自己的理解力、记忆力。 2. 自主学习，合作探究；学会分析和总结，并能学以致用。 3. 激情投入，疯狂记忆，体验学习的快乐。 重点单词：aid, injury, poison, variety, mild, swell, squeeze, pour, tight, firm, treat, apply 重点短语：first aid, fall ill, electric shock, squeeze out, over and over again, in place, a number of, make a difference , put one’s hand s on 预习案Previewing case （30分钟） 使用说明：1. 用严谨认真的态度完成预习案中要求的内容。 2.明确简洁地记录自己遇到的问题。 一、与身体相关的单词 二，生活用品 三，各种伤病 1. ankle n. 踝（关节） 1. cupboard n. 橱柜，衣柜 1. nosebleed n. 流鼻血 2. skin n. 皮，皮肤 2. pan n. 平底锅，盘子 2. sprain vt. 扭伤 3. organ n. 器官 3. stove n. 炉子，火炉 3. choke v. 噎住，窒息 4. tissue n. (生物)组织 4. scissors n. 剪刀 4. blister n. 水泡 5. nerve n. 神经，胆量 5. basin n. 盆，盆地 5. char vi. 烧焦 6. wrist n. 手腕 6. bandage n. 绷带 6.bruise n. 瘀伤，擦伤 7. throat n. 喉咙 7. kettle n. 水壶，罐 学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结下列词汇的用法。aid, injury, poison, variety, mild, swell, squeeze, pour, tight, firm, treat, apply 1. aid n.& vt . 帮助；援助；资助。（表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词； 表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid 是可数名词。） [典例] 1) They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。 2) They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。 3) A dictionary is an important aid for many language learners. 字典对于许多语言学习者来说是个很重要的工具。 [搭配] do / give / offer / perform/ carry out first aid (to …) 进行急救 aid sb. in (doing) sth. aid sb to do sth 在…方面帮助某人 aid sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 in aid of 为了援助…;作为援助…之用 组长评价： 教师评价：

人教版英语高二选修六Unit1词汇讲解学习+答案

Book6 Unit1 Art 1. faith n.信任;信心;信念 Eg Faith can move mountains.精诚所至，金石为开。 【归纳】 have faith in sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心 lose faith in不再信任:对失去信心 完成句子 (1) I (相信)his ability to succeed. (2) Though it's only a small trouble, it made Rose (对……失去信心)success. 【拓展】 faithful adj.忠实的 faithfully adv.忠实地 2 . aim n.目标；目的vi. & vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力 Eg: What is your aim in life?你生活的目的是什么？ 【归纳】 n. achieve one's aim达到目标 V. aim at瞄准：以...为目的 aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.力求/旨在做某事运用完成句子 (1)He the gun the enemy officer.他用枪瞄准了敌方教官 o (2)He swim a mile.他力求游一英里。 3.typical a典型的;有代表性的 Eg: typical examples 典型事例 typical work 代表作 【扫纳】 be typical of...是…的代表; It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是他的特点

【拓展】 typically adv.典型地;具有代表性地 (1)她这个人就是爱迟到。 (2) 下雪是北方的特征。 in the north. 4.adopt vt.采用，采纳.收养 e.g (1)Miss Gao has adopted a new teaching method.高老师采用了一种新的教学法。 (2) As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan. 玛丽采纳了我的意见去收养一个小孩。 【拓展】 adoption n.采用;收养 adopted adj.收养的；领养的 5.possess vt.拥有;具有;支配 1)He possesses two cars. 2)They are still in possession of the house, so we have to wait for another time. 他们依然拥有房子的产权,所以我们还得等待一段时间。 3)The factory is in the possession of one of my friend, who moved to Australia several years ago . 这家工厂是属于我一个朋友的.几年前他搬到澳洲去了。 【用法】 sb be in possession of sth.占有某物 sth be in the possession of sb.为某人所有 【拓展】 possession C.财产(常用复数｝ U.拥有，占有 1)The soldiers the enemy's base. 士兵占据了敌人的根据地.

人教版英语选修6 unit1-5 单词表

选修六 Unit 1 △realistic adj. 现实主义的；逼真的； 现实的 abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的 n. 摘要 sculpture n. 雕塑 △sculptor n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊 faith n. 信任；信心；信念 faithfully adv. 忠实地 △consequently adv. 所以；因而 aim n. 目标；目的 vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 conventional adj. 常规的；传统的； 因循守旧的 typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 evident adj. 明显的；明白的 △Giotto di Bondone 乔托（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）△renaissance n. 新生；复兴；复活 △the Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期） adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养 △humanistic adj. 人道主义的 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 possession n. （尤作复数）所有； 财产 superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的； 极好的 △perspective n. 透视画法；透视图； 观点 technique n. 技术；方法；技能 △Masaccio 马萨乔（意大利画家） coincidence n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 by coincidence 巧合地 △masterpiece n. 杰作；名著 △impressionism n. 印象主义； 印象派 △impressionist adj. 印象派的 n. 印象派艺术家 △post-impressionist adj. 后印象派的 n. 后印象派艺术家 a great deal 大量 shadow n. 阴影；影子

高中英语必修6unit1重要单词短语归纳

Book6 unit1 Words: 1.faith n. 信任，信心adj. faithful adv. faithfully Have faith in 对---有信心lose faith 失去信心 2.consequently 所以，因此= as a consequence=as a result 由于，因为As a consequence of =as a result of /because of/due to/ owing to/thanks to 3.aim n.目标,目的without aim 漫无目的地with the aim of以---为目的 v.瞄准aim at sth/sb 朝---努力，目的是 Aim at sth/ aim at doing sth/aim to do sth Be aimed at sth/doing sth 4.it is typical of sb to do sth“做某事是某人的特点” 5.it is evident/obvious /clear that从句“---很明显” 6.adopt 1)采纳adopt a suggestion 2)收养adopt an orphan 收养孤儿an adopted orphan 一个被收养的孤儿Adapt---to--- 适应---- adjust 调整 7.possess vt. Sb possess sth 拥有某物/sb own sth /sth belong to sb Possession n. 1)拥有sb take/have possession of sth Sb be in possession of sth Sth be in the possession of sb 2)财产possession s 8. by coincidence=by chance=by accident 偶然地 What a coincidence! 真巧! 9.attempt v.尝试，企图attempt sth/ to do sth Attempt to do 不一定成功=try to do manage to do 成功了be able to 有能力做 n.努力，尝试 make an attempt at doing sth/ make an attempt to do sth试图做 at one’s first attempt 某人第一次尝试 one’s attempt to do sth is in vain.某人尝试做某事是徒劳的。 10. prefer v. 更喜欢 prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B prefer to do sth rather than do sth preference n. 喜爱，偏爱 have a preference for/ show preference for 11.appeal v.1)上诉，申诉2）呼吁3）吸引 Appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事 Appealing adj.吸引人的 12. be allergic to sth “对---过敏”生理上 Be sensitive to sth “对—敏感”多指感觉或精神上 13.convince v.使信服convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 Sb be convinced of sth/ that 某人相信某事 Inform sb of sth 使某人知道某事sb be informed of sth 某某人知道某事 14 score 二十前面有数词就用单数，没有就用复数,同dozen 的用法 Two score students 四十个学生scores of students 许多学生 two score of these students 这些学生当中的四十个（those修饰students）

人教版英语选修六第一单元单词

选修六 Unit 1 abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的 n. 摘要 sculpture n. 雕塑 gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊 faith n. 信任；信心；信念 faithfully adv. 忠实地 aim n. 目标；目的 vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 conventional adj. 常规的；传统的； 因循守旧的 typical a dj. 典型的；有代表性的 evident adj. 明显的；明白的 adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 possession n. （尤作复数）所有； 财产 superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的； 极好的 technique n. 技术；方法；技能 coincidence n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合by coincidence 巧合地 a great deal 大量 shadow n. 阴影；影子 ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 controversial adj. 争论的；争议的 attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图 on the other hand (可是)另一方面 predict vt. 预言；预告；预测 specific adj. 确切的；特定的 figure n. 画像；身材；数字 clay n. 黏土 marble n. 大理石 carve vt. 雕刻；刻记 delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的； 精致的 cafén. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 allergic adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 exhibition n. 展览；陈列；展览会 aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的； 好斗的 scholar n. 学者

英语选修6 unit 1 Art单词和语法练习

Boolk 6 unit 1 Art 第一份 I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词汇部分 词语辨析1.possess/own/have 2. technique/technology 3. shadow/shade 词形变化 1. consequence n._____________ consequent adj.____________ consequently adv. _____________ 2. possess v. ______________ possession n. _____________ 3.faith n.________________ faithful adj._______________ faithfully adv. _____________ 4.technique n.___________ technician n._________ technology n. ___________ 5.aggressive adj. ___________ aggress v. ____________ aggression n. ________________ 重点单词 1. faith n.________ 2. aim n. vt.____________ 3. typical adj.__________ 4.adopt vt. __________ 5. convince vt_____________ 6.attempt n. vt. __________ 7.predict vt.______________ 重点词组 a great deal ___________ by coincidence _____________ on the other hand__________ in the flesh ___________ in (the) possession of___________ in consequence__________ appeal to__________；重点句子 1. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. 英译汉：_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. they tried to paint people and nature as they really were. 英译汉：_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists. 英译汉：_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 重点语法: 虚拟语气（I）(见语法专题) II 词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). possess/own/have vt.占有, 拥有, possess较为正式，强调对目前拥有或占有的东西可以控制或支配。也用于表示具有某种才能，品质特点或性能等。 own强调所属关系 have常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，包括物质的或精神的。 【练习】选择possess/own或have 并用其适当的形式填空 1) We______ a dinner party on for tomorrow evening. 2) She ______ herself of the unclaimed goods. 3) Daisy _______ a chain of restaurants though still young. 拥有连锁餐厅 4) we all like to attend Professor Zhang’s lecture because he _______ great tact. 2). technique/technology n.技术 technique常指针对方法，技巧而言的“技术”尤其指音乐，艺术，写作的技能/。 technology常指工业或科学技术，是较为广泛的概念 【练习】选择technique或technology，并用其适当的形式填空 1) Science and ________ can strengthen a nation. 2) The actor has the ________ of amusing the audience. 3) The use of __________ of metals brought a great fortune to the local people. shadow/ shade shadow [C] 指人或东西在阳光或灯光下形成的影子。shade [U] 指任何遮住阳光得到的阴凉的地方。 【练习】选择shadow或shade并用其适当的形式填空