托福阅读语法结构问题

托福阅读语法结构问题

为大家整理的是托福阅读句型结构汇总，备考托福阅读的考生们，了解句型结构是非常有必要的，

一、英语句子结构的原则

1、谓动单一性原则在一个句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词。

2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句。(从句可以有若干个)

二、三大从句

1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从句同位语从句

引导词(what/how/that/why/whether)

结构主语从句

what+VO=n. for eg.???????

what+SV=n. What you said is right.

形式宾语Make it possible for sb.to do ?

that/how/why/whether+SVO=n.

That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主语居多)

形式主语和强调句的区别

形式主语It + v + (that +SVO)=n.

n.=it

强调句It is/was + A + that + B

SVO=A+B

而且通常情况下It is/was……是强调句

同位语从句

同位语的实质n1,n2—n1=n2

S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO

前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。

The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known.

可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：

view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion……

同位语和定语从句的区别

同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。

The fact, that the sun is round.

定语从句中，引导词充当成分。

The book, that you bought for me. “that”充当宾语。

Example

It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions.

人们普遍接受，Pangaea 以一个特别大的陆地形式存在，后来他被分为两个大块，在南边的Gondwanaland 和在北边的Laurasia，他和那些在不同地壳上的大陆分开了并且向不同方向上漂移。

如何找出复杂句中的谓语?

先找引导词，然后去掉随后的动词，还有动词的话，这个动词就是谓语。

2、形容词性从句=定语从句

引导词(1)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)

(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)

结构(1)that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a.

This is pig that/which is very fat.

(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.

因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语

This is the pig that/which I ate.(作宾语可省略引)

This is the pig from which I make fun.

引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词

This is the pig,which is very fast

This is the pig, (which)I ate.

This is the pig, from which I make fun.

(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.

The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.

This is the place where(=in which 定语从句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是状从,也有可能是定从。

具体分析举例

In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……

看上去该句的based 是一个n-ed的形式，但是她又是修饰谁呢?In his hypothesis() he developed that based on it….

因此可以看出，based 修饰that，而在此句中，that指代hypothesis.

形容词性从句的省略

当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时，可将其省略。

This is the pig that/which I ate.

This is the pig I ate.

当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其同时省略。

The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.

The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.

**个别情况下，which/as在引导定语从句时，也指代前面整个一句话。

As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句话) was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句话) resulted in collision, subduction, and mountain building.

系表倒装

主系表结构变成表系主结构成为系表倒装只限于介词词组在句首时

1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.

In Jilin province lies my hometown.

2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.

Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….

3、副词性从句=状语从句

引导词when/though/while/although……

结构when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.

When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

省略的条件s’=S v’=be

省略When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

省略Other(联系同一类的名词，也就是说前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycolproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.

新托福阅读SUMMARY题型解法

对于目标明确，清晰认识自己薄弱的考生一定很想知道托福阅读summary题型该怎么解。接下来上海环球托福为考生解答。 首先，做阅读就要了解掌握文章的主旨是什么，新托福阅读SUMMARY题作为文章最后一种题型，考察的是对文章主要段落的主旨概括能力，而非全篇文章主旨。直白一点说，就是只需要关注文章局部段落，而不需要在意全局。这不同于老托福阅读里面每篇文章都有一道“What is the passage mainly about”这样的全文主旨题。 接着，考生要如何掌握主旨，来完成summary的题目。阅读英语段落的时候，应该是“匀速阅读”还是“变速阅读”呢？当然是“变速阅读”！这样考生才能做到阅读时的详略得当。但是，“变速阅读”是“先快后慢”还是“先慢后快”呢？这就要从英语的思维方式说起。 汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，我们称之为“Save the best for the last”。而英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，我们称之为“Say what you want to say, then say why”。阅读英语段落的要领：变速阅读，先慢后快，精读首句，浏览全段。据统计，70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句。所以，以后阅读英语段落，应该先精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”），再浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），才能实现快速阅读。而很多同学以前阅读的时候，要么就是倾向于到段落结尾找主题句（这主要是受了汉语思维方式的影响），要么就干脆把有限的精力平均分配到一段话内部的每个单词。 说了那么多，上海环球托福为你提出掌握主旨的方法： 1、常用法——分析段落结构找主题句 通过段落结构来概括主旨，常见的段落结构有如下六大类：（1）总分；（2）总分总（由总分演变而成）；（3）分总；（4）分总分（由分总演变而成）；（5）对比；（6）并列。其中，前四种段落结构都存在主题句和支持句之分。而后两种结构中可能不存在主题句，其段落内部会分成若干个势均力敌的部分，只不过对比结构段落的两部分之间方向相反，而并列结构段落的各部分之间方向相同。一、总分结构 总分结构的主题句一般为首句（如果首句结束后，第二句话存在转折关系，那么主题句就是第二句）。最常见的总分段落的标志就是第二句话前面出现“for example/instance”等举例关系词。如果总分结构段落最后再加一个总结句，就是总分总结构。这种段落结构约占70%。这个方法最大好处是大部分段落都存在主题句，所以能够广泛应用该方法概括段落主旨。这就是“常用法”的由来。但是，该方法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。 2、简易法——重复出现是主旨 之所以有第二个方法是因为第一个方法有缺点，常用法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。如果一段话在不断重复某一概念，就说明这段话在围绕这个概念展开，这个概念就是这段话的主旨。这就为我们快速把握主旨提供了极大的方便。因此，这种方法称为“简易法”。 在一段话内部重复出现可以分为三种类型。第一种是“原词”重复，但是这也是作者极力避

TOEFL语法讲解

1995年01月语法题 1. An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually _____ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction. (A) making (B) and make (C) being made (D) having made 答案：A 测试点：谓语。 分析：that从句中有主语但谓语不全，选择(A)making与系词and组成进行时。 解题要点：continully和always等词常与进行时连用，表示“一贯如此”。 2. _____ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste. (A) In preparation (B) The preparing of (C) To prepare (D) Prepared 答案：C 测试点：状语／不定式。 分析：逗号后为句子，逗号前为状语。动词不定式(C)作目的状语。 3. When two straight lines meet, _____ an angle. (A) it is formed (B) formed (C) they form (D) to form 答案：C 测试点：主谓结构。 分析：逗号前为when引导的从句，逗号后应是主句。主句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案 中选择主语+动词的形式，即(A)或(C)。(A)用了形式主语n，但空格后并无真正的主语部分。故选(C) 4. Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics _____ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools. (A) nor (B) and (C) while (D) if 答案：B 测试点：连词。 分析：空格前为主谓语完整的句子，空格后又出现一谓语动词，即全句有一个主语，两个谓语。这两个谓语动词之间应用and连接，故选(B)。(A)用于否定句;(C)后接句子或现在分词短语;(D)接从句。 5. _____ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth. (A) Most (B) The most (C) Most of which (D) In most of the 答案：A 测试点：定语。

新SAT小说阅读 把准“脉络”最关键

新SAT阅读篇幅较长，时间紧张。想要对SAT阅读进行突破，增加阅读量、增强自身阅读能力势在必行。那么如何夯实基础的阅读能力呢？ 每种不同的阅读文体有其独特的“脉络”。把准“脉络”，阅读就可以事半功倍，不会再有读完后“水过鸭背—不留一点痕迹”的感觉。 新东方集团目前正在研发的“美国高考核心阅读课”，旨在帮助学生夯实基础，把握阅读文章时的“脉络”。该课程涵盖文学、社会科学、自然科学、重要政治文献、演讲五大部分。我所负责的课程研发部分包括文学和社会科学。 本文就以小说为例，解读如何把握阅读文章时的“脉络”。 新SAT阅读考试中第一篇文章就是节选的小说。小说的“脉络”是plot（情节）的发展。我们将以美国著名短篇小说家O. Henry最知名的一篇短篇小说“The Furnished Room”（中译名：带家具出租的房间）为例（后附原文），解读“情节发展”如何帮助阅读时厘清思路、深入理解文章。 首先，小说的情节发展通常指的是一篇作品中不同情节的安排或顺序，是小说中故事的基础。情节发展大致由以下五个要素组成：exposition，rising action，climax，falling action，resolution/denouement（中文分别对应：情节交代、起始行动、高潮、下降行动、冲突解开/结尾）。情节发展就如同一个人在登山要经历的过程，见下图。 新SAT小说阅读把准“脉络”最关键 Exposition指故事的开始。在这部分，学生要看作者必要的背景交代和铺陈，例如setting, situation, characters（背景、情景、人物）等，相当于为登山做准备。也要注意conflict

托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分.doc

2019 年托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分 托福阅读水平的提升永远离不开以下三个方面：词汇的积累、语 法的掌握和文章的阅读，因为单词是基础，任何句子都是以词为单位 的，其次，语法是理解一个句子的关键之处，只有掌握了常用的句法 结构，才能有助于我们明白作者所想表达的意思。最后，大量的阅读 文章将会是最有效的方法来提升自己的整体英语水平，文章是以句子 为单位，句子又以词为单位，所以，三者是相辅相成的，缺一不可。 相信参加过托福考试或者正在备考的学生一定都会知道，在托福 阅读文章中，长难句占的比例很大，所占分值也很高，直接关系着我 们是否理解文章，那么如何突破长难句呢?我只能说在掌握一定的单词基础之上，根据语法来划分是关键之处，所以，今天主要针对托福语 法实行一个详细的介绍和讲解，希望能够协助到所有需要的人。 英语语法主要分成以下几个版块：词类、句子成分、句子构成、 时态、从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装、强调。对于参加托福的 学生来说，绝大部分已经对词类基本掌握，而后三项在阅读文章中体 现的不是特别明显，所以，我主要就其与几个版块实行一一讲解。 首先是句子成分，英语中有九种句子成分，即：主语、谓语、宾 语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语和插入语。 1.主语为动作的发出者，一般情况下位于句首，常常做主语的有名词，代词，动名词 doing ，不定式 to do ，数词，特殊疑问词 +不定 式， the+ adj./ done，定语从句。 Reliance on trade had several important consequences. ( 名词做主语) Nothing can conceal his anxiety and fear. ( 不定代词nothing做主语)

你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里!

你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里！ 小托福的词汇量和语法难度相当于大学英语四级的水平，如果考生想要考一个好成绩，一定要多多练习，下文分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题，一起阅读下吧~ 在阅读部分，文章会涉及到人文学科、科学、社会科学等内容，学生要注意掌握文章主要内容，抓住关键点，了解作者意图并进行推理。同时，阅读部分的文章形式也十分多样，如电子邮件、信件、新闻、学生写作、广告、日程表等，学生需要在平时积累一些关于习惯用语的表达。 小托福考试阅读模拟题： 模拟题1： Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed. Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT: A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains. B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface. C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches. D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions. 答案：C 解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考试中，把原文阅读完毕再去和选项比较会花费较多时间。因此，比较合理的做题顺序是，先读选项，然后拿选项和原文信息去比对。 A选项说的是outflow channel的形成时间和火山活动在北部平原的发生时间是相同的。快速浏览原文，只有在最后一句提到了它们的形成时间，说大概在30亿年前，about引导的时间状语很重要，补充说明了这一时间和北部火山平原形成的时间相同。A正确。 B选项说的是火山形成的地点，只在火星表面的特定区域。看原文，第二句，说的是它们只在赤道区域出现。B 也正确。

1992年05月TOEFL语法讲解

1992年05月语法题 1. --- principal types of acceleration: linear and angular. (A) There are tow (B) Two of them (C) The two (D) Two 答案：A 测试点：there be句型． 分析：空格后只剩下名词性的成份，应在答案中选择主谓结构或there+be结构，即(A)． 2. East Liverpool, Ohio, ---the pottery capital of the United States. (A) and called (B) is called (C) calling (D) to call 答案：B 测试点；谓语。 分析：本句有主语而缺谓语，应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词，即(B)。(A)多了连词and； (C)(D)均是非谓语形式，不可作谓语． 3. True hibernation takes place only among ---animals. (A) whose blood is warm (B) blood warm (C) warm-blooded (D) they have warm blood 答案：C 测试点：定语． 分析：本句主谓宾俱全，animals前缺定语，应在答案中选择形容词性的成份，4个答案中只有(C)是形容词． 解题要点：分词的作用相当于形容词． 4. Like other women ---in the field of medicine, Sara Mayo found the beginning years difficult. (A) who they pioneered (B) they pioneered (C) who pioneered (D) pioneered 答案：C 测试点：定语从句／主谓结构． 分析：women后接定语从句，从句连接词，主、谓语均缺，应在答案中选择连接词兼主语牛动词的形式．即(C)。(A)重复主语：(B)不是从句形式；(D)无主语。 5. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what ---the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology. (A) he considers (B) does he consider (C) considers (D) considers it 答案：A 测试点：主谓结构／词序． 分析：动词describes后接what引导的宾语从句，从句主、谓语均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(A)．(B)是问句语序，而宾语从句应用正常语序；(C)(D)均无主语．

托福阅读长难句解决方法解析.doc

托福阅读长难句解决方法解析 托福阅读长难句解决方法 首先：长句子。 A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need. 对于这样一个句子，大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干(即主谓宾)注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need，establish是及物动词，后面却加了介词in，说明此处有倒装，还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语(即蓝色划线部分)太长，为了防止头重脚轻。 在原句中，是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现，也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语，还一个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectors。 综上所述，本句运用了多种语法结构(并列，倒装，同位语，后置定语，插入语)把主干部分分割得支离破碎，如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法，那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。 以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译：几位艺术收藏家(此处省略几位艺术家名字)将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。 其次：长文章 新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上，而这么长的文章主要就是由简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成，除了句子理解外，为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章，要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息，做对题目，那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落为例来讲解。

托福语法笔记整理

1999年08月语法题 1. In 1864 Nevada enter the United States as _______ thirty-sixth state. (A) in the (B) to be the (C) was the (D) the 答案：D 分析：as是介词，后面应该是名词性结构。 翻译参考：1864年内华达进入合众国，成为第三十六个州。 2. Bob Stephenson, a biologist in Alaska who studies the Canadian lynx, a type of wildcat, has learned ______ from studying their tracks in the snow. (A) how lynx hunt (B) lynx hunt how (C) how hunt lynx (D) lynx how hunt 答案：A 分析：缺宾语，每一个选项中都有how, 说明需要how引导的宾语从句，排除B, D, 语 序不对；名词性从句应该用陈述语气，所以选A. 翻译参考：Bob Stephenson是阿拉斯加一个生物学家，研究加拿大山猫，一种野生的 猫科动物，他从其在雪地上留下的足迹获悉了山猫是如何捕猎的。 3. ______ lay eggs , but some give birth to live young. (A) Although most insects (B) Most insects (C) Despite most insects (D) Most insects that 答案：B 分析：从句完整，从主句的谓语来看主句缺复数主语，所以选B。A中的Although和 but不能同时出现在一个句子里面; B despite后面不能跟句子；D that使得逗号前面无 法成为主谓句。 翻译参考：大部分昆虫都生卵，但是有些生产活体的幼虫。 4. Author Sraah Jewett established her literary reputation with Deephaven, a collection of sketches ______. (A) with rural Maine life (B) that life in rural Maine (C) about life in rural Maine (D) life in rural Maine 答案：C

英语写作经典段落结构(雅思托福都适用)Five Paragraph Essay Structure

Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

2001年1月老托福阅读解析第二篇

2001年1月第二篇 Questions 10-17 at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor 5) an assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10) from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm. Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were 15) only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials. While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, 20) carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality— and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.

适合托福写作语法的书籍推荐

适合托福写作语法的书籍推荐 很多学生基本上一写文章，就知道自己犯了一堆语法错误，所以在书籍的选择上，一定要找一本体系性强的书。今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下适合托福写作语法的书籍推荐，一起来看看下面的介绍吧。 对于写作来说，最重要的就是要有语法的支撑，否则就如前文所说，写作练习就变成了重复错误的练习，然而一个非常残酷的真相是，在学校中以考试为导向的语法学习(做对单选题)，对于写作的帮助极其有限，即学生并不能将它们运用于写作中，所以大部分学生自然不适合上来就开始做输出性练习了。所以想要学会写作首先要学会语法。 一、学语法有两个关键作用： 1.建立一个语言正误判断系统，有了这个系统的支持，就能够知道自己是否出错，以后就可以进行自我检查与提升了。 2.建立英语构句系统，这点对于写作尤为重要，常犯语法错误的学生有个最大的特点就是写文章完全是凭感觉，而感觉往往是最不靠谱的。建立构句系统之后，才算基本建立了语法框架，写作中能够依照语法结构进行输出，而不是以单词为单位进行，在笔者的语法课中最核心的部分就是帮助学生搭建构句系统并运用于写作中。 对于中国学生来说，在学校里学了一堆零碎的知识点，正误系统基本都建立了一点，基本上一写文章，就知道自己犯了一堆语法错误;而对于构句系统，几乎没什么概念，就像上文所说，写文章全凭感觉，美名其曰语感，实则错误百出;究其原因，就在于掌握的语法知识过于零碎松散，没有一个体系将所有知识点串联起来，从而真正融会贯通，所以在书籍的选择上，一定要找一本体系性强的书。 二、那么那些书比较适合基础阶段自学呢，笔者主要推荐以下3本： 《语法俱乐部》：这本书最大的特点就是帮助你迅速建立框架，细枝末节的东西很少，而且完全不需要死记硬背，阅读过程中仿佛在与作者面对面交谈，基础中等及以上的同学一周内就能够通读完一遍，效果如同在一面仅用砖块堆砌的墙中加入了钢筋和水泥，对于觉得语法无从下手的学生来说，这本书是一个非常好的开始，同时也非常适用本身基础不错的学生，书中部分术语和之前接触过的略有不同，但是总体不影响阅读。 《赖氏经典英语语法》：在读完《语法俱乐部》之后，除了在语法体系上更加完善之外，对于学好语法的信心也会增加几分，这个时候可以开始慢慢接触一下带有细节的语法书了;赖世雄老师的这本《赖氏经典英语语法》就是一个不错的选择，这本书的主线也比较明确，特别是前4章能够解决很多同学语法学习中的痛点，比如从句和非谓语动词;另外，这本书还附带了作者的讲解录音，对于

托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解

托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解

2011年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解 1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. A. in disease B. that disease C. of disease D. about disease 答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that 引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。 参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。 2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first woman conductor C. the woman was first conducting D. the woman conducts first 答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。

参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家 补充：常考the first/second/… one to do sth 3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House. A. the first African American B. the first African American was C. she was the first African American D. when the first African American 答案：A分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。 参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。 4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United

托福阅读常见的句型结构

托福阅读常见的句型结构 为了帮助大家备考，小编为大家带来托福阅读常见的句型结构一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注! 托福阅读常见的句型结构 一、英语句子结构的原则 1、谓动单一性原则在一个句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词。 2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句。(从句可以有若干个) 二、三大从句 1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从句同位语从句 引导词(what/how/that/why/whether) 结构主语从句 what+VO=n. for eg. what+SV=n. What you said is right. 形式宾语Make it possible for sb.to do that/how/why/whether+SVO=n. That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主语居多) _形式主语和强调句的区别 形式主语It + v + (that +SVO)=n. n.=it

强调句It is/was + A + that + B SVO=A+B 而且通常情况下It is/was……是强调句 同位语从句 同位语的实质n1,n2—n1=n2 S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO 前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。 The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known. 可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion…… _同位语和定语从句的区别 同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。 The fact, that the sun is round. 定语从句中，引导词充当成分。 The book, that you bought for me. “that”充当宾语。Example It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions.

托福语法辅导解析题精选篇

托福语法辅导解析题精选篇 语法在托福考试中一直都是一些同学的痛点，整理了一些托福语法解析题，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福语法辅导解析题1 1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. A. in disease B. that disease C. of disease D. about disease 答案：B 分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。 参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。 2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first woman conductor C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first 答案：B 分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。 参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。 补充：常考the f irst/second/… one to do sth 3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York Citys Metropolitan Opera House. A. the first African American B. the first African American was C. she was the first African American D. when the first African American 答案：A 分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。 参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。 4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States，_________ when massive