2012秋高职护理英语试卷1

I. Vocabulary（共20分，每题2分）

Directions: Choose the most appropriate word or phrase for each sentence from the word box. Use

each only once.

1. he is not confident, gradually, he performs excellently.

2. The company’s problems are a mixtures of bad luck and poor management.

3. A (an) supply of vitamin A can lead to blindness.

4. Nick’s frequent trips were putting a on their marriage.

5. V ocabulary, some reading skills and speed are factors contributing to efficient reading

comprehension.

6. The delegation many experts in the fields of teaching, medicine and law.

7. If the physician wishes you to assist directly with the surgical procedure, gloves must

be worn.

8. If a lung is suspected, don’t remove the patient and send the patient immediately to a

hospital.

9. Since she was unemployed, her neighbors and friends have her.

10. It’s Nightingale who nursing a respected profession.

II. Reading Comprehension（共20分，每题2分）

Directions: In this part, you will read the passages quickly and answer the questions. Choose the best

answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

First Aid for Wounds

It is very important for a nurse to recognize and treat many types of wounds in order to help

physician to cure the patient. That is to say, a nurse must know to evaluate the situation and respond

when she faces up an accident with wounds.

A wound caused by friction usually shows an abrasion of the epidermis with dots of blood and the

presence of foreign substance such as dirt or gravel. We often call the wound scrape. First aid is to

clean the abrasion carefully with soap and water, then apply an antiseptic solution or ointment, and

covers it with a dressing. If the scrape results from the contact with unusually rusty and dirt object, as

a nurse you’d better give patient an injection of tetanus toxoid or antitoxin.

A wound caused by a sharp object which leaves a clear cut is called an incision. If the cut is deep,

sutures may be needed. If the cut is shallow, the nurse usually tells the people to use tape for closure

rather than suture. The nurse must carefully clean the wound area and cover it with a sterile dressing

after applying an antiseptic. If a large artery is spurting or if a major vein is pouring blood, any person

can bleed to death in a few minutes. So in the first aid care of an incision, any heavy bleeding or

hemorrhage must be stopped. Generally speaking, this is usually accomplished with direct pressure to

the wound area and elevation of the wound area.

As far as puncture wound is concerned, it mainly results from two factors. One is made with a

pointed object such as knife, nail and so on. The other may be the results of an animal bite or human bite. For the former first aid is to clean the wound area and in necessary enlarge the hole to allow for irrigation with antiseptic solutions. For the latter we should attach importance to identification of type of the bite. No matter how the condition is, the nurse needs to clean the wound area carefully. An animal bite may result in a laceration and rabies, so the nurse must take special care to avoid infection and rabies.

1. What should a nurse put first when she faces up a person with wound ________________ ?

A. recognize and treat many types of wounds

B. evaluate the situation and respond when she faces up an accident with wounds

C. clean the abrasion carefully with soap and water

D. enlarge the hole to allow for irrigation with antiseptic solutions

2. How many types of wounds have been mentioned in the text ________________ ?

A. tow

B. three

C. four

D. five

3. What is the feature of scrape ______________ ?

A. a wound caused by a sharp object which leaves a clear cut

B. a pointed object such as knife, nail and so on

C. results of an animal bite or human bite

D. a wound caused by friction usually shows an abrasion of the epidermis with dots of blood and the

presence of foreign substance such as dirt or gravel

4. What is the common method to stop the bleeding _____________ ?

A. apply an antiseptic solution or ointment, and covers it with a dressing

B. clean the wound area and cover it with a sterile dressing after applying an antiseptic

C. direct pressure to the wound area and elevation of the wound area

D. give patient an injection of tetanus toxoid or antitoxin

5. What will happen when heavy bleeding occurs _____________ ?

A. use tape for closure

B. bleeding or hemorrhage must be stopped

C. bleed to death in a few minutes

D. result in a laceration and rabies

Coronary Heart Disease

The chief functions of the heart are to send blood to the lungs, so that they can receive oxygen from the inhaled air, and then to pump this oxygenated blood all over the body. The activity of every tissue in the body depends upon its receiving a constant supply of oxygenated blood. This is particularly true for the heart itself which contracts 10,000 times a day, and requires a very large amount of oxygen for conversion into the energy necessary to produce regular and efficient contractions. The heart muscle, or myocardium, receives its oxygenated blood from the main artery, or aorta, which leads out of the heart. The first arteries that are fed by the aorta are the two coronary arteries, so called because they circle like a crown on the upper part of the heart.

It is obvious that any decrease in this blood supply might impair the functions of the heart. Inadequate blood supply to the myocardium results either from a decrease in the blood flow through the coronary arteries, or from an increase in the demands of the heart muscle without any corresponding increase in coronary blood flow. Of these, decreased flow is the more common, and it is due to structural changes in the walls of the coronary arteries. Loss of elasticity, increased rigidity, fatty, fibrous, and are know as athorosclerosis.

Serious disease of the coronary arteries can lead to their obstruction either gradually or suddenly. When the obstruction is gradual it will cause some isolated muscle fibers to die and deprive others of their source of energy. The change may be so gradual that it never leads to any symptoms, or on the other hand, it may result in the pain of angina pectoris. Sudden obstruction of one of the coronary arteries cuts off all the flow of blood to the area of the heart muscle beyond the obstruction and usually results in the severe, prolonged, and intense pain of a heart attack, and when it occurs at a critical site the result may be disastrous.

One of the earliest changes in the development of atherosclerosis is the appearance in the inner coats of the artery of a fat, called cholesterol; and as the artery is progressively destroyed, a large amount of cholesterol accumulates. Fifty years ago Russian research workers showed that cholesterol fed to rabbits produced changes very similar to human coronary atherosclerosis. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the richness of our Western diet may be one of the contributory causes of

coronary heart attacks, but it is far content, or even to certain deficiencies in our diet. At present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causal relationship between the amount of far or the type of fat we eat and the incidence of heart attack.

One thing that is reasonably certain is that there is no single cause for coronary athero sclerosis or for the increased tendency to coronary thrombosis. Physical activity, for example, is less in privileged communities than in others. Scars in the heart muscle result when the blood supply is grossly inadequate, and the numbers of these scars are less in those who are physically active than in those who are not, although the degree of coronary artery damage is the same. The sex of the individual is also of importance. At the age of forty, coronary thrombosis is seven times more common in men than in women. Heredity is also important, particularly in families with a high degree of cholesterol in the blood. Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the over fat, in cigarette smokers, and in those subjected to prolonged emotional and mental strain.

6. What is the chief function of heart ________________ ?

A. send blood to the lungs, so that they can receive oxygen from the inhaled air, and then to pump

this oxygenated blood all over the body.

B．decrease in this blood supply might impair the functions of the heart

C．cause some isolated muscle fibers to die and deprive others of their source of energy D．requires a very large amount of oxygen for conversion into the energy necessary to produce regular and efficient contractions

7. Why dose the heart need a very large amount of oxygenated blood every day ______________ ? A．sudden obstruction of one of the coronary arteries cuts off all the flow of blood to the area of the heart muscle beyond the obstruction

B．development of atherosclerosis is the appearance in the inner coats of the artery of a fat C．heart contracts 10,000 times a day, and requires a very large amount of oxygen for conversion into the energy necessary to produce regular and efficient contractions

D．there is no single cause for coronary athero sclerosis or for the increased tendency to coronary thrombosis

8. What part if the body receives oxygenated blood from the aorta ______________ ?

A．Physical activity, for example, is less in privileged communities than in others

B．The heart muscle, or myocardium, receives its oxygenated blood from the main artery, or aorta C．Serious disease of the coronary arteries can lead to their obstruction either gradually or suddenly D．Serious disease of the coronary veins can lead to their obstruction either gradually or suddenly 9. What are the reason for the inadequate blood supply to the myocardium _____________ ? A．changes in the development of atherosclerosis is the appearance in the inner coats of the artery of

a fat

B．the obstruction is gradual it will cause some isolated muscle fibers to die and deprive others of their source of energy

C．One thing that is reasonably certain is that there is no single cause for coronary athero sclerosis or for the increased tendency to coronary thrombosis

D．a decrease in the blood flow through the coronary arteries, or from an increase in the demands of the heart muscle without any corresponding increase in coronary blood flow

10. What is atherosclerosis _____________ ?

A．Sudden obstruction of one of the coronary arteries

B．Scars in the heart muscle result when the blood supply is grossly inadequate

C．Loss of elasticity, increased rigidity, fatty, fibrous,

D．Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure

III. Dialogue（共40分，每题2分）

Directions: Complete the following dialogues by using sentences in the table. Use each only once.

Nurse: Sit down, please. You look pale. What’s the trouble with you, madam? Patient: 1

Nurse: When did you begin to notice it?

Patient: 2

Nurse: Where is the pain? In what part of your head?

Patient: All over the front.

Nurse: Does the pain come at any special time of the day?

Patient: No. it seems to come on any time when I get nervous.

Nurse: How long does it last?

Patient:. 3

Nurse: Does it help if you take some aspirin or if you lie down?

Patient: No. the pain just seems to go away by itself.

Nurse: 4

Patient: I’ve had a headache off and on for the last few years, but none as bad as this. Nurse: Has anyone in your family ever had kidney or heart disease?

Patient: Well, my mother died of high blood pressure and my father had kidney cysts. Nurse: What kind of treatment did you have in the past?

Patient: No.

Nurse: 5

Patient: Yes, nurse. Nurse: It’s 180/105 mmHg. That’s very high.

Patient: What does it stand for?

Nurse: It means your systolic pressure is 180 mmHg and diastolic pressure is 105 mmHg.

Patient: 6

Nurse: The average adult has a systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg. Systolic pressure between 90 and 140 mmHg is considered normal diastolic pressure are between 60 and 90 mmHg.

Patient: 7

Nurse: Yes.

Patient: What causes hypertension?

Nurse: There is no specific cause, but some factors that can cause high blood pressure are kidney problems, pregnancy or taking drugs.

Patient: What may untreated hypertension result in?

Nurse: 8

Patient: It sounds terrible. What can I do to lower the blood pressure?

Nurse: You should take the medicine according to the prescription of the doctor. In addition, keep the low-salt diet with a lot of vegetables, some fruits, and little meat. 9

Patient: I’ll follow your advice.

Nurse: 10

Patient: Thank you, nurse.

Nurse: You are welcome.

Patient: How do I take the tablets?

Nurse: (Please take) 2 tables each time, 4 times a day. Patient: How do I take the cough drop?

Nurse: 11

Patient: How do I take the liquid medicine?

Nurse: (Please) Just suck it.

Patient: How do I take the pills?

Nurse: Please dissolve one pill in water before taking it. Patient: How do I take the syrup?

Nurse: 12

Patient: How should I take the drugs?

Nurse: 13

Patient: How should I take the painkillers?

Nurse: 14

Patient: How should I use his suppository?

Nurse: 15

Patient: How should I use this adhesive?

Nurse: 16

Patient: How should I use this ointment?

Nurse: Apply some of the ointment to the skin. Patient: How should I use this lotion?

Nurse: 17

Patient: How should I use this powder?

Nurse: 18

Patient: How should I use the eye drops and ointment?

Nurse: Apply the eye drops to your right eye 4 to 6 times a day, 1 to 2 drops each time.

19

Patient: How should I apply the nose drops?

Nurse: 20

Patient: How should I apply the ear drops?

Nurse: Turn your head to the side, put 1 to 2 drops into your ear. Press the tragus for a few seconds.

IV. Translation (共20分，每题2分)

1. 南丁格尔是现代护理方法的开创者，使护理成为一个受人尊敬的职业。

2. 南丁格尔被允许去前线照顾受伤的士兵。

3. 护士应避免病人抓那些红点。

4. 开始时不停地流鼻涕。

5. 床头的控制板装有护士呼叫系统。

6. Nightingale was placed in charge of a small hospital in London.

7. Have you had an anti-tetanus injection lately ?

8. Don’t stimulate the incision when you have a bath.

9.

Place the patient in the head-low position.

10. You manage to protect him from bedsore occurring.

I. Vocabulary（共20分，每题2分）

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

II. Reading Comprehension（共20分，每题2分）

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10

III. Dialogue（共40分，每题2分）

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

IV. Translation (共20分，每题2分)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

2012年全国高考英语试题及答案-全国卷(word版)

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