初三英语寒假专题复习一--名词

初三英语专题复习一名词一、分类

类别意义典型例词

普通名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物

的词

girl, pen, book,

door, panda 可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事

物的名词

police, people,

family , class

物质名词表示构成各种物体的

物质或材料的词

water, rice ,

soup , wood, tea

不可数名词抽象名词表示行为、品质、感情

或状态等抽象概念的

词

knowledge ,

love, danger

专有名词表示特定的人、地方、

专门机构或团体等名

称的词Tom,Beijing, University,New York, The Comunist Party of China

二、名词复数

1、规则名词

情形构成方法典型例词一般情况加-s bike—bikes, dog--dogs 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词加-es bus—buses, box—boxes

watch—watches,wish--wishes 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y 为i,再加es city—cities,

dictionary--dictionaries 以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe 为v,再加es leaf—leaves, half—halves

wife—wives, knife--knives

2、大部分不规则名词变复数的构成方法

情形构成方法典型例词

不规则变化改变单数名词中

的元音字母

man—men, woman—women, foot—feet

tooth---teeth, goose--geese

单复数形式相同

sheep—sheep, fish—fish,

deer—deer, Chinese—Chinese

Japanese---Japanese

其他形式child—children, mouse—mice

3、不规则名词单数变复数的特殊情形

1）以o 为结尾的名词复数形式，加es 的有：Negro, hero , potato, tomato

2) 复合名词的复数形式

a. 一般在最后一个词的词尾加-s或-es。

如：schoolbag---schoolbags, tooth-brush---tooth-brushes, grown-up---grown-ups

b. 在主体名词末加-s, 如：mother-in-law---mothers-in-law

3）某国人变复数

①a Chinese---Chinese; a Japanese---Japanese; an Englishman---Englishmen;

a Frenchman---Frenchmen; ②a German---Germans; an American---Americans;

an Australian---Australians ; an Indian---Indians

4) 特殊形式

a. 以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths, politics, physics, news

b. 复数形式有时可表示特别意义的单词，如：woods 森林goods 货物waters 水域

fishes 各种鱼

三、不可数名词及其用法

1)不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等来修饰。

e. g.: some bread much meat

2)如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。如：

a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread

四、名词所有格的构成及其用法

1. ’s 所有格的用法

（1）表示有生命的人或动物的名词的所有格一般在词尾后加’s ：

Uncle Wang’s factory the teacher’s office

（2）以s 或es 为结尾的名词的所有格，只在词尾后加’ : boys’ shoes

（3）几个人共有的在最后一个名词后加’s ：This is Lucy and Lily’s room.

每个人各自所有的在每个名词后都要加’s ：These are Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms.（4）表示店铺、医院或某人家的所有格时，后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。

at my uncle’s(home) at the Greens’ (home)

at the barber’s (shop) at the tailor’s (shop)

（5）由不定代词构成的复合名词和else 连用时，其所有格要在else 后面加’s.

somebody else’s computer

2. of 所有格

无生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the song

3. 双重所有格

双重所有格主语表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：

①of +名词所有格 a toy of the boys’；several toys of the child’s；a daughter of the old lady’s

②of+名词性物主代词 a mistake of mine；an invention of his

五、名词的语法作用：主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。

(1)作主语

Her father has been in the army for 30 years.

(2)作动词或介词宾语

I'm drawing a picture.

(3)作宾语补足语

We consider him a clever boy.

We make the boy our monitor.

(4)作表语

The computer is a wonderful machine.

(5)作同位语

Mr. Zhao, our English teacher, is very knowledgeable.

(6)作状语

The telephone rang a second time.

(7)作定语

There is a stone bridge over there.

There are ten men teachers in their school.

【课堂练习】

1. ---You look worried. What’s your_________? ---I have trouble learning English.

A. name

B. question

C. problem

D. job

2. The music made me think of the _______of a running stream.

A. shout

B. noise

C. voice

D. sound

3. I like_______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. butter

C. potatoes

D. noodles

4. ---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do ?

----I’m afraid we have no_______ but to take a taxi.

A. choice

B. decision

C. reason

D. information

5. ______the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.

A. A number of, women

B. A number of, woman

C. The number of, women

D. The number of, woman

6. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _______ spring holiday each year.

A. ten-day

B. ten day

C. the day’s

D. ten-days

7. ---I hear you have to get up early every morning.

---Right. It’s one of the _______ in my family.

A. plans

B. orders

C. rules

D. suggestions

8. ---What’s your _______, Rick? ---I like collecting coins.

A. age

B. name

C. job

D. hobby

9. John always says that he likes apples of all the ________.

A. vegetables

B. fruits

C. drink

10. ---Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! ---Mind your own______, Sue!

A. action

B. duty

C. business

D. way

11. Paper making is ______of ancient China.

A. one of greatest inventor

B. one of the greatest inventions

C. one of greatest invention

D. one of the greatest invention

12. Mike and his friend are going to the _______to see the new action movie tonight.

A. book shop

B. restaurant

C. concert

D. cinema

13. ---Good morning, madam. Can I help you? ---Sure, I’d l ike _____for cooking vegetables.

A. two cups of coffee

B. three pieces of bread

C. one bowl of dumplings

D. five kilos of oil

14. Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ____.

A. Jack mother

B. Jack mother’s

C. Jack’s mother

D. Jack’s mother’s

15. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the ________.

A. ground

B. earth

C. land

D. field

16. I really want to have a _______. I feel so tired after such a long walk.

A. talk

B. rest

C. swim

D. look

17. ---What’s your favorite sport, Mike? ---_______. It’s interesting.

A. Math

B. T-shirt

C. E-mail

D. Football

18. ---You didn’t send me an e-mail last night, did you?

---Sorry. My ______broke do wn. I couldn’t get on line.

A. computer

B. car

C. clock

D. camera

19. Our teacher has given us some good ______English learning. It’s very useful.

A. advice to

B. advices to

C. advice on

D. advices on

20. Studying in a foreign country is a different ______and you can learn a lot.

A. event

B. exercise

C. experience

D. exhibition

21. At the end of the volleyball match, our school ______ won by 3:1.

A. members

B. group

C. team

D. fans

22. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________time?

A. 20 years’

B. 20 year’s

C. 20-years’

D. 20-years

23.--- Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him?

---Poor boy. His illness is the _______of eating unhealthy food.

A. result

B. cause

C. reason

D. end

24. ---Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? ----No, it’s about _____.

A. 7 minutes walk

B. 7 minute walk

C. 7 minues’ walk

D. 7 minute’s walk

25. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some ______if you like.

A. fish and chicken

B. fishes and chicken

C. fish and chickens

D. fishes and chickens

【课后练习】

1. ---Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?

---Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are ________.

A. friends

B. neighbors

C. classmates

D. strangers

2. ---Michael likes flying around the world. ---I think being a _____ is just right for him.

A. pilot

B. policeman

C. cook

D. doctor

3. ---Father’s Day is coming. What should I buy for my father?

---Why not_______? He likes sports.

A. a scarf

B. a key ring

C. a pair of jeans

D. a pair of running shoes

4. ---Would you like some ______? ---No, thank you. I’m not h ungry at all.

A. water

B. books

C. clothes

D. bread

5. ---The land in the southwest of China is in great need of ______.

---Yes, it hasn’t rained for a long time there.

A. milk

B. tea

C. coffee

D. water

6. ---Why not go to Qingdao on May Day, Jim?

---I’m afraid it’s not a good_____. I have been there several times.

A. way

B. place

C. advice

D. idea

7. When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words

more clearly on the _______.

A. blackboard

B. desk

C. dictionary

D. postcard

8. ---What is the ______of the 2010 World Expo? ---It’s “Better City, Better Life”.

A. song

B. theme

C. custom

9. ---Would you like some coffee? ---No, thanks. I’m hungry. Just some_____, please.

A. tea

B. water

C. juice

D. noodles

10. ---Look! The old man is running around the lake.

---He likes running. It has been a ______of his for many years.

A. habit

B. plan

C. rule

D. aim

11. ---Good news. We will have a ______ holiday.

---I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ______.

A. three days, three days’ time

B. three days’, three days’

C. three-day, three days

D. three days, three-day time

12. I don’t think looking after children is just _______work.

A. woman

B. woman’s

C. women

D. women’s

13. There are three ________ assistants in that _______ shop.

A. women, shoe

B. woman, shoe

C. woman, shoes

D. women, shoes

14. Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of_______, you may disturb others.

A. voice

B. noise

C. sound

D. singing

15. Today most junior high school students can go to senior high school for further _____in our country. A. education B. information C. technology D. duty

16. There is no more _______in that ______for so many people.

A. room, rooms

B. rooms, rooms

C. room, room

D. rooms, room

17.---- Would you like any _______tea? ---No, thanks. I have drunk two_______.

A. any; bottles of orange

B. some; bottles of orange

C. many; bottles of oranges

D. few, bottle of oranges

18. I wanted to explain, but he didn’t give me any_____.

A. excuse

B. chance

C. way

D. choice

19. Mr. John is a friend of _______.

A. John’s uncle

B. John uncle’s

C. John’s uncle’s

D. John uncle

20. During Christmas , people get together and sing Christmas songs for______.

A. fun

B. wishes

C. interest

D. thanks

21. April comes before ______and after______.

A. March, May

B. May, March

C. June, May

D. March, February 2

22. I got the gift from ______.

A. a friend of my father

B. a friend of my father’s

C. my father friend

D. my father friend’s

23. I found my black cat in _______ room.

A. Jim and Mike

B. Jim and Mike’s

C. Jim’s and Mike’s

D. Jim’s and Mike

24. Tom is the youngest in his _____.

A. home

B. family

C. house

D. room

25. Three months _______ a long time for me.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

26. Use your _____, then you’ll find a way.

A. head

B. mind

C. heart

D. eye