大学精读第九课讲解
Unit Nine
Text A
After Twenty Years
O. Henry
I. Introduction
1. Background
1)Theme
Theme: the main subject or idea of a work of literature.
The theme of this story is a common one: loyalty to a friend vs. devotion to public duty. Bob and Jim had obviously been close friends twenty years before when they were young. Otherwise they would not have made this appointment to meet again at exactly the same place and the same hour twenty years later. What is more touching about the story is the fact that through all these years they had never forgotten their promises and that they both kep appointment—Bob had traveled a thousand miles just to meet his friend and thought it was worth it if his friend would turn up, and Jim‘s appearance on the spot at exactly the ap pointed hour was no accident either. We don‘t know what had happened twenty years before that made them so special to each other. But it was clear that Jim was a good honest man and always true to his friend and Bob admired and trusted him. The drama of the story lies in the fact that when they met again twenty years later, they should find themselves on opposite sides of the law—one was the man wanted by the police and the other had turned out to be the police officer instructed to watch out for the runaway criminal. But no matter how much Jim cherished their friendship, he would not let a personal relationship stand in the way of performing his duty. On the other hand, although Jim had him arrested, Bob did not seem to be angry or bitter, for he knew clearly that since his best friend had become a police officer, he would not have acted otherwise. The fact that his hand shook when he read Jim‘s note towards the end of the story probably showed that he was saddened by the irony of the whole situation.
2)Characterization
Characterization: the method a writer uses to present to the reader the characters in a work of literature. Basically, writers use two ways: showing and telling. In showing they tell readers what the characters say and do; in telling, they may describe their characters‘physical appearance, personality, even their thoughts and feelings.
In this story, the two main characters, Jim and Bob, are very well portrayed. Jim was probably of average height, a bit slow, but strongly built; not so adventurous, but honest, truthful, responsible and devoted. He was obviously a good police officer, and there was something about him that made him ―a perfect picture of a guardian of peace‖. These qualities are vividly and convincingly presented through the writer‘s description, the conver-sation between Jim and Bob and the way Jim actually handled the situation.
Bob is almost entirely presented through the method of showing. Careful readers can find many clues about Bob‘s life after he left New York an reach conclusions on the basis of such clues. He
looked smart, restless, ambitious and ready to try in every way to reach his goal. He had made his fortune (wearing a watch set with diamonds), had broken the law (wanted by the police) and had many fights (the scar on his face). With some imagination, we can piece together his experiences in the past 20 year.
3) Surprise Ending
O. Henry is known for surprise endings of his stories. This one is no exception. The story begins with a policeman on the beat. When the plainclothes man introduced himself as Jim we are taken in. We don‘t know which one of the two policemen was Jim until the very end of the story. When we read the story over again we find the ending is foreshadowed (= signs are provided for that ending).
2. Structure
The text can be divided into four parts; the first part is the introduction, the last the conclusion, the rest makes up the body paragraphs.
O utline
I. A policeman on the beat a few minutes before 10 p.m. (paras.1-2)
A.The policeman walked up the street impressively.
B.He looked the guardian of peace on the beat.
II.The policeman‘s encounter with a man from the West (paras.3- 17)
A.He walked up to a man standing in the doorway of a store.
B.The man explained to him he had come to keep an appointment.
C.The man told the policeman about the appointment made 20 years before with his best
friend Jim Wells.
D.It seemed to the policeman the man from the west was rich.
E.The policeman left a few minutes after ten o‘clock
III.The arrest of the man from west by a plainclothes man (paras.18- 31)
A.The man‘s friend came about 20 minutes later.
B.The two friends told each other about their life since they parted.
C.Bob, the man from the west discovered the other man was not Jimmy Wells.
D.The other man was a plainclothes man who came to arrest Bob, the criminal Chicago
police wanted.
IV. A note from the best friend of the arrested man (paras.22-23)
A.The plainclothes man handed Bob a note from Jim Wells.
B.In the note, Jimmy explained why he didn‘t arrest Bob himself.
3. Teaching Tips
1)Dramatization
The story lends itself to dramatization. It could be divided into three parts for this purpose: the scene at the ―Big Joe‘ Brady‘s, the encounter of the police officer with the man from the West, and Silky Bob‘s arrest. Students are encouraged to used their imagination, and add whatever they think plausible to the story. They can even add a scene or two about the two friends‘ childhood or/and about Bob‘s life in prison. Teachers are advised to divide their class into groups of three for this activity, with one of them playing Bob, another Jimmy/the plainclothes man, and the third a narrator.
2)Discussion
Topics for oral practice
1)Tell the story of Bob and that of Jim
2)Make a character sketch of both Bob and Jim.
3)What do you think the two men had been doing during the 20 years?
Topics for discussion
1)Do you think Jim did the right thing as a friend? If you were him, what would you do?
2)What do you think of Bob? Do you think a criminal can make a faithful friend? Do you think
Bob is a plausible (=seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed) character ?
3)Do you think the friendship between Jim and Bob would survive after Bob‘s arrest? Give
reasons to support your point of view?
4)Imagine how the story will continue after Bob‘s arrest?
II. Language Focus
1) Key word
Turn
2) Word Formation （构词法）
(1) corresponding nouns of adjectives
(2) -adjectives used as verbs
3) Idioms and expressions
a gust of wind
all right 9
arm in arm
at least
be set with small diamonds by that time
for a time
for show
in existence no matter what
on earth
on my way
on the beat
on time
twenty years ago tonight under arrest
with the air of
4)Verb phrases
belong to bring up change into compete with hear from know of
lose track of speak up
start for
start up the street tear down turn up walk up to
5)Verb + noun Collocations
grasp one‘s hands
light a cigar
make an appointment
outline the history
release one‘s arm
strike a match
unfold the paper
6)Words that have different meanings in different context.
square, beat, plain, all right, figure, cast, quarter
7)Grammar
Conditional clause introduced by no matter/whatever
The subjunctive mood: wish + object clause
III.Detailed Discussion of the Text
1.The policeman on the beat... (para.1)
beat: an area of the town or city that a police officer regularly walks around
on/walking the beat: (of a policeman) on duty, walking around rather than driving in a police car.
2.The impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para.1): The
police office walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets.
for show: with the purpose of looking attractive or impressive rather than being useful
3.The time was barely ten o?clock, but chilly g usts of wind with a taste of rain in them had almost
emptied the streets. (para.1)
barely: hardly; only just
More examples :
She spoke so softly. I could barely hear her.
I can barely make both ends meet. How can I buy a car?
a taste of rain: a small amount of rain 些许
to empty: to make (a place) empty; to cause people leave (a place)
More examples :
The TV series emptied the streets at 8 p.m. every Saturday.
He emptied his pockets to show that he really had no money on him.
The river finally empties into the Atlantic. (used as an intransitive verb)
4.Trying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now
and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace.
(para.2)
This 48-word sentence conveys very important information about the police officer; he is described as the guardian of the peace on the beat.
Questions to elicit responses from students:
What did the police officer do while walking the beat? What for? What does all this show about this police officer?
Trying doors as he went: to find whether they were locked (his strong sense of responsibility).
swinging his club with many clever movements: to warn off would-be troublemakers (his confidence and competence as a cop).
turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street: to notice possible danger or illegal activity (his vigilance as a policeman)
What made him look a guardian of the peace?
his strongly built form: physically, he was strong enough to deal with lawbreakers (his strength)
slight air of superiority: spiritually, he was able to overpower criminals (his pride and sense of dignity as a law-enforcing officer)
cast/run an/your eye on/over/down sth.: to look at, or read sth. quickly
eye: a particular way of seeing, judging or understanding sth.
5.The area was one that kept early hours. (para.2):People in that area closed their stores
pretty early.
6.all-night lunch counter
lunch counter: a counter in a store or restaurant where food is served or sold to be taken out all-night: open all night
7.Halfway down a certain block, the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. (para.3)
Why did the policeman slow down?
Because he saw a man standing in the doorway and he became suspicious, or because he was excited that it might be the friend he had expected to see.
8.In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned, with an unlighted
cigar in his mouth. (para.3)
The writer was careful about the details in the description.
It had to be a darkened store and Bob‘s cigar had to be unlighted, otherwise the policeman would find that it was the man wanted by the police in Chicago.
9.As the policeman walked up to him, the man spoke up quickly. (para.3)
walk up: to walk towards sb.
speak up: to speak louder so that people can hear you
(Obviously, the man in the doorway didn‘t want the police office to suspect him.)
10.It?s an appointment made twenty years ago. (para.3)
The man was eager to explain something to the police officer, which reflected the mentality of a man wanted by the police.
It is strange that they did not recognize each other. It could be the darkness and long separation. It could also be that Jim was cautious.
11.Sounds a little fun ny to you, doesn?t it? (para.3)
Sound: a link verb here
More examples:
It may sound easy to you. But actually it is very difficult.
The name sounds familiar, but I can‘t recall where I heard it.
It sounds good. OK, let‘s do it.
12.... to make certain it?s all straight (para.4): ... to make sure that it‘s all true. ―Straight‖
here means ―true, accurate‖; it can also mean ―honest, frank‖, as in the following examples :
I‘ll be straight with you. You will lose this job if you don‘t work hard.
Yes or no? Can‘t you give me a straight answer?
13.The light showed a pale, square-jawed face with keen eyes, and a little white scar near
his eyebrow. (para.6):
The match light showed a face which must have fitted the description of the wanted man, especially the square jaw and the white scar.
keen eyes: sharp eyes; eyes of good sight
14.His tiepin was a large diamond, oddly set. (para.6)
oddly set: the diamond placed in a strange or unusual way showing the owner‘s lack of taste
The mention of the diamond tiepin and that of the scar suggested what Bob had gone through in the West.
15.Twenty years ago tonight (para.7):
similar expressions: ten years ago this morning / this time yesterday /at exactly this hour next Sunday
16.The next morning I was to start for the west to make my fortune. (para.7):
Cultural Note
In popular ideas about America, the Wild West has always meant the land of opportunities and adventures, where many European settlers moved during the 19th century to establish new farms and new cities. In films it is often shown as a place where cowboys and Native Americans fight each other, and where cowboys use guns rather than the law to settle arguments. Therefore, a situation where there are no laws or controls is sometimes described as being ?like the Wild West‘.
to make one?s fortune : to make a large amount of money
17.... no matter what our conditions might be... (para.8):
Notice this pattern:
no matter what = whatever; no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever; no matter who = whoever
no matter how = however.
18.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our
fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para.9): We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materially –whether our fortune huge or small
to work out:to happen, develop, or end in a particular way or to have a particular result
More examples:
The project didn‘t work out the way we wanted it to.
Things seems to be working out satisfactorily.
19.Hav en?t you heard from your friend since you left? (para.9):
Negative general questions are often used to show surprise.
More examples:
Mary‘s back. Didn‘t you know?
Aren‘t you going? It‘s such a beautiful place.
Haven‘t you had supper yet? It‘s almost 10.
20.“Well, yes, for a time we wrote,” said the other. (para.9):
for a time: for a short period of time
The word ―time‖ can form many useful phrases. Here are some of the most frequently
uses:
ahead of time; all the time;
at any time, at one time; at the same time;
for the time being; from time to time;
in time; in no time; on time
21....we lost track of each other. (para.9): …we lost contact with each other (neither of us
knew where the other was).
keep/lose track of sb./sth.: to pay attention to sb./sth. so that you know where they are or what is happening to them, or fail to do this.
More examples:
— Have you kept track of the stock market? (股市)
— I have lost track of its latest development.
The airport has lost track of the plane.
It is important to keep track of current affairs.
22.You see, the West is a pretty big place, and I kept running around over it pretty lively.
(para.9):I kept moving around in the West, never staying in the same place for long, (That‘s why it was hard for us to keep track of each other.)
pretty lively: very quickly
23.… and it it?s worth it if my old partner turns up. (para.9)
be worth it: informal used to say that you gain something from an action
The laptop is a bit expensive for, but it was worth it.
turn up: to arrive at the place, especially in a way that is unexpected
More examples:
We waited for months before a good job opportunity turned up.
The police were ordered to arrest him as soon as he turned up.
24.He was a kind of slow man, though, good fellow as he was. (para.13)
slow: not good and quick at understanding things
good fellow as although he was: though he was a good fellow
More examples :
Poor as they were, they were quite happy.
Famous as she was, she was very modest.
25.I?ve had to compete with some of the sharpest brains going to get my money.(para.13):
In order to make money, I had to compete with the most shrewd and crafty people.
sharp brains: people who can understand and think quickly and are not easily
deceived
26. A man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to make a man really keen. (para.13):
A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York where life is
boring. He has to go to the West to become an eager and exciting person.
The man from the West means that New York City was ―civilized‖; it had too many laws, and that getting rich quickly was less likely. In the West, however, one could by-pass the rules, and through being tougher and smarter one could become rich very fast (though dishonestly).
27.I?ll be on my way. Hope y our friend comes around all right. Are you going to leave
immediately? (para.15)
I?ll be on my way: I have to go now.
all right: without any problem
More examples:
I hope you can understand the book all right.
I can see all right.
Are you going to leave immediately: The police officer (Jim) wanted to make sure that Bob wouldn‘t escape while he was away.
―Should‖ is used here to give emphasis to the statement.
28.“I should say not!” said the other. (para.10)
―Should‖ here is used to give emphasis to the sta tement
29. a fine, cold rain (para.18).
fine: thin
30.The few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with collars
turned high and pocketed hands. (para.18)
foot passenger: people walking in the street
Today we use the word ―pedestrian‖ to refer to a person walking in the street, and ―foot passengers‖ usually means passengers on a boat, who are not in a car or other vehicle(徒步摆渡者)
in that quarter: in that part of the city
with collars turned high and pocketed hands: their collars were turned high and their hands were in their coat pockets
Why had foot passenger turned up their collard?
(To keep themselves warn)
31.to fill an appointment (para.18 )
In Modern English, ―to keep an appointment‖ is more common. Another common collocation is ―to make an appointment‖.
31.… with collar turned up to his ears … (para.19)
turned up: (the tall man‘s coat collar) was moved upward (高个子男人的大衣领子) 翻到了耳朵处
The verb pattern is verb + adverb + object
Why had the man turned up to his ears?
(To cover part of his face.)
Note the ―turns up‖ the following sentence
…and it‘s worth it if my old partner turns up. (para.9)
Here ―turn up‖ is a phrasal verb, meaning ―to arrive (refer to Note 23)
32.“Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival…(para.22)
bless my heart: old-fashioned spoken, usually“bless my soul‖ used to express surprise the new arrival: the man who has newly arrived
33.It?s Bob, sure as fate. (para.22)
sure as fate:spoken, usually ―(as) sure as hell‖used for emphasis
34.Moderately. I have a position in one of the city departments. (para.26)
moderately: reasonably, but not very well
I have a position: I have a job
in one of the city departments: (I have a job) in one of the departments of the city government (He did not say straight that he had a position in the police department. )
35.…we?ll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about old times.
(para.26)
know of sb./sth.: phrasal verb to have heard of sb. or sth. and be able to give a small amount of information about them
have a good long talk about old times: have a hearty talk about those happy days we spent in the past.
36. arm in arm (para.27): 臂挽臂
Draw students‘ attention to the adverbial use of these noun phrases.
Similar expressions:
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；face to face面对面；
hand in hand 手拉手；
36.At the corner stood a drugstore, brilliant with electric lights. Note the
inversion, in which the subject of the sentence ―a drugstore‖ is placed after
the main verb ―stood‖ because the subject is a bit too long.
brilliant with electric lights: very bright because of its electric lights. ―With‖means ―because of or caused by sb. or sth.‖
Similar expressions:
His face is red with anger.
Her fingers were numb with cold.
They jumped with joy.
They were trembling with fear
37.The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm. (para.29): The
man from the West suddenly stopped (talking about his life in the West)and withdrew his arm from the other man‘s elbow.
release: to stop holding sth.
Other uses of “to release”:
The news was released in yesterday‘s New York Times. (made known)
She needed to do something to release her tension. (get rid of)
We could release you from your duties for two days. Meanwhile, you take a good
rest. (allow you not to do your work)
38.You?ve been under arrest for ten minutes, …Silky? Bob. (para.31)
―Under‖here means ―being in the state or the process of sth.‖
Similar expressions:
to be under control; to be under heavy influence; to be under attack;
to be under repair; to be under construction.
Silky? Bob: what Bob was known as in the underworld (=the part of society consisting of criminal organizations and activities)
39.Chicago … wants to have a, chat with you. (para.31)
―Chicago‖ here refers to the Chicago police. ―Wants to have a chat with you‖ is a euphemism (= a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word), meaning ―is trying to track you down, arrest you and take you to court‖.
42. Going quietly, are you? That?s sensible. (para.31): (You are) going quietly, will you? /
You are not going to resist or put up a fight, are you? That‘s the right thing to do for you.
43.Now before we go on to the station …(para.31)
What station did the tall man refer to?
The police station.
44.I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. (para.33):
the man wanted: the man the police is trying to find and arrest
He was wanted for the cruel murder of three children.
45.Somehow I couldn?t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do
the job. (para.33): Somehow I couldn‘t arrest you myself, so I…
Jim had mixed feelings. He knew what his duty was. But the memories of their
friendship, the expressions of Bob‘s undying respect and admiration for him and the fact that Bob had come all the way from a thousand miles away just to keep the appointment made 20 years before must have deeply touched him. Therefore, he could not bring himself to arrest Bob.
IV. Translation of Text A
二十年后
欧·亨利
正在自己辖区巡逻的警察神气十足地沿街走了过来。他每次巡逻都是这样，他的这种神气决不是为了引人注目，此时街上已经没有什么人了。这时不过刚到晚上十点，但是夹杂着些许细雨的阵阵凉风几乎把街上的人都赶回家了。
他一边用各种巧妙的姿势挥动着警棍，一边检查各家各户的门是否锁好，不时转过身警惕地前后打量那条平静的街道，他体格健壮，神气略带威严，这一切使他构成了这里宁静生活捍卫者的形象。这个地区是个早起早睡的地方，此时人们偶尔会看到一家雪茄烟店或一个通宵营业的食品店还亮着灯，但绝大多数店铺早已打烊。
走到一个街区的中间，警察突然放慢了步伐，一个男人倚靠在一家熄了灯的五金店的门口，口衔一支没有点燃的雪茄烟。警察走了过来，那人急忙解释起来。
“警官先生，我没事，”他坦然地说，“我只是在这儿等待一个朋友，是二十年前的约定，你觉得这未免有些不可思议吧！要是你想弄清楚我说的是不是实话，我就给你解释解释。在二十多年前，就在这儿，现在是五金店的这个地方，有一家叫‘大个子乔·布拉迪’的餐馆‘。”
“那餐馆五年前还在,”警察接着说，“后来给拆除了。”
店门口的男人划了一根火柴，点燃了那支雪茄，火光中显现出了他苍白的面庞，宽下颚，机警的双眼，右眼眉毛附近的一小块白色伤疤。他的领带夹上蹩脚地镶嵌着一颗硕大的钻石。
“二十年前的今天晚上，”他说，“我和我最好的朋友吉米·维尔斯在这家‘大个子乔·布拉迪’餐馆一快儿吃晚饭，吉米是我最好的朋友，也是世界上最好的人。我们一起在纽约长大，情同手足。那会儿，我十八，吉米二十。第二天早晨，我就要动身到西边去闯大运了。吉米不愿意离开纽约，谁也拉不走他，在他眼里世界上就纽约这一个地方。那天晚上我们俩
约定，二十年后的同一天，同一时间，不管我们那时混得怎么样，也不管我们离这儿有多远，我们俩一定还在这家餐馆见面。我们估摸在二十年中我们命运也该有结果了，不管是多还是少，钱也该挣下些了。”
“嗯，听起来怪有意思的，”警察说，“不过我觉得, 你们两次见面相隔的时间真是不短啊。你的走后，你就没有朋友的音信？”
“哦，有过，一段不长的时间里我们通过信，”那人说，“可是一两年以后，我们失去了联系。要知道，西边很大，在那儿我老是东奔西转，在一个地方待得不长。不过我相信要是吉米还活着的话，他肯定会来见我的，他一直是我在世界上最忠诚，最要好的朋友，他是决不会忘记这次约会的。今晚我千里迢迢到这里来，站在这门口等他，只要我的老伙伴出现，那就值了。”
等朋友的人掏出一块漂亮的怀表，表盖上镶着一些小钻石。
“十点差三分，”他对我说，“当年我们是10点整在这家餐馆门口分手的。”
“看来你在西边干得不错吧？”警察问道。
“説得对！但愿吉米干得有我一半那么好，虽说他是一个好人，他可不怎么机灵。我为了挣到我那些钱，可得跟那帮脑袋瓜子贼精的人竞争。在纽约，人们很难有多大的作为，只有西边去人才能有出息、干大事。”
警察挥舞着警棍，往前迈开了步子。
“我得走了。但愿你的朋友会来。你打算很快就走吗？”
“肯定不会，”那人说，“我至少要再等他半小时，只要他还活在世上，到时他一定会来的。再见，警官先生。”
“再见，先生。”警察说着就继续在其辖区巡逻。
这时下起了带有寒意的小雨，风不停地刮起来。街上仅有的几个行人都把衣领翻得高高的，双手插在衣袋里，沉闷地、静悄悄地赶路。从千里之外赶来与年轻时朋友相会的那个人仍然站在五金店门口，抽着雪茄烟，继续等待着。
他等了二十来分钟后，一个身着长大衣、高个子的人急匆匆地从街对面走了过来，他的大衣领子向上翻到耳朵处，他径直走到正在等人的男子的身边。
“是你吗，鲍勃？”来人迟疑地问道。
“是你吗，吉米·维尔斯？”站在门口的男人叫了起来。
“天哪！”来人叫道，紧紧握住对方的双手。“没错，就是鲍勃。我早就知道要是你还活着，我肯定能在这儿见到你的。哎呀，二十年的时间可不短啊，鲍勃，那家老餐馆已经不在了。要是那餐馆没拆那该多好，我们就能在那儿再吃顿饭了！老朋友，在那边过得怎么样？”
“得到了我想要的一切。吉米，你的变化也不小啊。我可没想到你会长这么高。”
“哦，二十岁以后我真是窜高点儿。”
“吉米，你在纽约干得还行吧？”
“还凑合，我在市政厅的一个部门上班。鲍勃，有一个地方不错，我们到去那儿好好叙叙旧吧。”
两人相互挽着对方的胳臂往沿街走去。西边来人对自己的成就十分得意，开始简述他的
发家史，另一个人兴致勃勃地听着，翻起的大衣领子几乎把他的脸全遮住了。
街的拐角处有一家药店里面灯火明亮。这两人走到亮处时，不约而同地打量起了对方的脸。
西边来人突然止步，抽回了自己的胳臂。
“你不是吉米·戴维斯，”他厉声说，“二十年不算短，不过改变不了一个人鼻子的大小。”
“贰拾年却可以让一个好人变成个坏人，”高个子说，“‘世故的’鲍勃，你被捕十分钟了。芝加哥警方猜到你可能会到我们这里来，他们来电报说想和你谈谈。还是放聪明点，老老实实地跟我走吧。噢，有人托我给你捎来一个便条，在去警察局前，你可以在药店的窗户边先看一看，这是维尔斯警官给你的。”
西边来人打开了递给他的一张小纸条，读了起来，开始他尚平静，读完后拿着纸条的那只手就微微地颤抖起来。便条并不长，全文如下：
鲍勃：我准时到达了我们约会的地点，当你划亮火柴点雪茄时，我看清到你那张脸，正是芝加哥警方所通缉的罪犯。不知怎么的，可我说什么也下不了手，
所以我找了一位便衣来替我干这事。
V. Key to Exercises
Preview
1.Listen to the recording of the text and decide whether the following statements are true
(T) or false (F).
1)T
2)T
3) F
4)T
5)T
6) F (He could not have been deeply touched, and he would not have considered it a
dirty job to arrest this criminal.)
7) F
8) F
9)T
2.略
3．Read the text again for language and complete the following tasks.
1．略
2．Translate the following expressions into Chinese
to march arm in arm 臂挽着臂齐步前进
to walk hand in hand 手拉手地一起走
to fight shoulder to shoulder 并肩作战
to sit face to face 面对面坐着
to talk heart to heart 谈心里话
to go step by step 一步一步走
to translate sentence by sentence 一句一句翻译
to read page by page. 一页一页读
to climb inch by inch 一寸一寸地爬
to toil day by day 一天一天地辛勤劳动
to wait month after month 一个月一个月地等
to see eye to eye (with sb.) 和某人意见相同
to snow day and night 夜以继日地下雪
to cough morning, afternoon and night 白天黑夜地咳嗽
3．Find useful phrases and idioms from the text and list them below.
答案略。
4．Find useful collocations from the text and list them below.
答案略。
Vocabulary
1.Become familiar with the rules of word formation.
1) Give the corresponding nouns for the following adjectives.
weakness, quickness, strength, width, breadth, heat,
anger, clarity, length, silence, freedom, sadness,
moderation, happiness
2) Point out which of the following adjectives can be used as verbs.
Those that can be used as verbs are:
slow, thin, dry, clear, clean, wet, narrow, empty,
cool, open, close, near, quiet, dirty, dim
The corresponding verbs for the other adjectives are:
ripe--ripen, deep--deepen, short--shorten, weak---weaken, long---lengthen,
（Long在此作“长的”解。如作动词，意谓“盼望“）strong---strengthen,
wide---widen, broad---broaden, dark---darken, thick---thicken, low
(删)，quick---quicken, fat---fatten, hot---heat, cold---cool,
light---lighten, (light 这里作“轻的”解。如作动词，意谓“点火”)
bright---brighten, low---lower, high---heighten, sad---sadden,
angry---anger, loose---loosen, hard---harden, soft---soften
3) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word ―impress‖.
(1) impressed
(2) impression
(3) impressed
(4) impressive
(5) impressionist
(6) impressionable
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84206146.html,plete and translate the following expressions.
1) Complete the following verb+noun expressions.
(1) bag, pocket, gun
(2) stone, line, glance, doubt, vote
(3) keep
(4) make, fix, keep, have, break
(5) have
(6) arm, animals, prisoner, grasp, news
(7) club, arms, legs, stick
(8) make
(9) strike
(10) hand, rope, meaning, opportunity
(11) paper, map, tablecloth, plan
2) Translate the following adj+n expressions into Chinese.
(1) watchful eye 警惕的眼光
unlighted cigar 尚未点上的雪茄
odd number 奇数
opposite side 对面；对立面
simultaneous interpretation 同声传译
peaceful co-existence 和平共处
peaceful surroundings 和平环境
(2) normal practice 常规做法
normal relations 正常关系
normal person 常人，正常的人
normal circumstances 正常情况，一般情况
(3) bare foot 赤脚
bare head 光着头（不戴帽子）
bare hands 赤手空拳，徒手
bare necessities 必需的物品
(4) straight line 直线
straight road 直路
straight answer 直截了当的回答
straight face 绷着脸不笑
(5) slight increase 稍有的增加
slight difference 略有的不同
slight degree 轻微的程度
slight change微小的变化
(6) square jaw 棱角分明，宽阔结实的下颚
square shoulders 宽阔结实的肩膀
square garden 方形的花园
square meter 平方米
(7) keen eyes 锐利的目光
keen interest 强烈的兴趣
keen mind 精明的头脑
keen sense 敏锐的感觉
(8) sharp brain 精明的头脑
sharp knife 锋利的刀
sharp teeth 利齿
sharp tongue 说话尖酸刻薄的舌头
sharp increase 急剧增加
sharp answer 针锋相对的回答
sharp turn 急转弯
sharp pain 剧烈的疼痛
sharp criticism 尖锐的批评
sharp comment 尖刻的评论
sharp contrast 强烈的对比
sharp struggle 尖锐的斗争
(9) steady job 稳定的工作
steady income 稳定的收入
steady growth 稳定的增长
steady relationship 稳定的关系
3 Give the synonyms and antonyms of the following words (建议恢复)
(1) Synonyms
barely—only just chilly-- cold
try—attempt swing—move to and fro
club—stick many--numerous
clever—smart, bright, sharp, keen now and then—from time to time
cast—throw dine—eat (breakfast, lunch, supper)
figure (v)—think, suppose, guess, believe turn up--appear
handsome--- good-looking keen---sharp, eager
grasp---clutch, take hold of sensible---wise, rational
chat---talk tremble---shiver
(2) Antonyms
normal--abnormal empty (v)--fill
slight---considerable, great superiority--inferiority
majority---minority slow (v)---quicken
darken (v)---brighten hardware---software(如hardware作‖硬件
解)
exactly—roughly, approximately interesting---uninteresting, boring, dull
fortune---misfortune at least ---at most
steady---unsteady, shaky dismally---cheerfully
4Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the expressions listed below. Some expressions may be used more than once.
(1) under arrest
(2) get stuck, lose track of
(3) lost track of
(4) heard from
(5) change …into
(6) in existence
(7) know of
(8) compete with, catch up
(9) brought up, on earth, for show
(10) asking for, torn down
5Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions or adverbs.
(1)into; into
(2)for, down
(3)from, up, in, for
(4)by, off
(5)on, over
(6)out
(7)out, on
(8)over
(9)to, At, up
(10)f or, on
6Translate the following sentences into English.
1）At first he was very successful in his business, but then his successes turned his head.
His partners advised him to be more modest, but he turned a deaf ear to their advice. 2）Jingke was very confident/sure that when he unfolded the map he would be able to kill the Emperor of Qin with the sharp knife/dagger hidden in it.
3）We ought to welcome more and more wealthy people, but our laws must make sure that they have made their fortune in normal honest ways.
4）For years our school has produced many good students, most of whom have important positions in various departments.
5）Due to cultural differences many foreigner are turned off at the sight of dog meat or cat meat.。
6）Whenever you have time, turn it over in your mind, will you?
7）She used to consider philosophy dull and boring, but later she found that it turned out to be very interesting.
8）His father has just turned fifty, and his hair has turned gray, but otherwise, he is quite all right.
9）The power of government officials must be checked and balanced. Otherwise those who are supposed to be people‘s servants will turn into people‘s masters.
10）He believed that it was worth trying because he knew that whatever you do, you must have the people‘s support.
7Translate the following sentences, paying att ent ion to the words in bold type which may have different meanings in different contexts.
(1) 很明显，他认为他自己是该国一个很有前途的政治人物。
(2) 我想不明白她为什么要不断地改变住处。她现在的公寓我觉得好像挺好的。
(3) 关于这个国家，我只知道“西班牙的雨集中在平原地区”。这还是我25年前
在上学的时候学到的一句话。
(4) 那个英俊的足球运动员似乎向观众降了迷咒，把他们都迷住了。.
(5) 那部电影演员阵容强大，你无法胜过它，它里面有很多大腕。.
(6) 不错，我是有一个博士学位，但是像我这样姿色平平的女孩在选美赛中根本没
有机会。人家强调的一般都是高矮啦，身材啦，还有漂亮的脸蛋啦。
(7) 行啦！你就不要再东拉西扯，转弯抹角了，跟我说实话吧。
(8) 当我听说我得付五万现金时，吓得我一霎那好像心都停跳了。我不可能支付这
个数。
(9) 是的，我是打了他的耳光，但他也回敬了我一拳，正打在我下巴上。所以我们
谁也不欠谁。
(10) 我不知道这个广场确切的面积有多大。我猜起码有三万平方米吧。
1 Translate the Chinese in brackets, using “no matter what/where/who/how, etc”or “whatever/wherever/whoever/however, etc”.
1)no matter what/whatever happens
2)no matter how old/young they are/whatever their age (is)
3)No matter what you say/Whatever you say
4)no matter how much it costs/she has to pay for it
5)No matter where/wherever his business took him
6)No matter how /However we tried to reassure her
7)no matter where/wherever you are in the world
8)no matter how/however difficult your workmates/colleagues are
9)no matter how/however difficult that is
10)n o matter what/whatever will happen to them
2 Complete the response to each of the remarks using the “wish + that-clause” pattern as shown in the examples.
大学英语精读Book2 词汇复习题
UNIT 8 MONEY 1. Mr. Verder never thought that he would become a member of the board of directors (董事会) because of his __________ origin. A. humble B. previous C. critical D. false 2. __________ he told us __________. A. Until; that we understood B. Not until; did we understand C. It was not until; that did we understand D. Not until; then we understood 3. Now Thomson has obtained __________ from his boss to extend the field of his investigation. A. purchase B. insurance C. determination D. permission 4. __________ I had calmed down, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now that C. Lest D. Despite 5. My mother is anxious to hear any information __________ the results of election. A. concerned B. being concerned C. concerning D. having concerned 6. I spent the whole day repairing the car. The work was __________ easy. A. nothing but B. anything but C. something except D. all but 7.They are turned around in a huge machine to get them __________ the forces they will experience in space flight. A. use B. used C. used to D. be used to 8. Barbara __________ in doing it again though she had failed more than a dozen times. A. consisted B. insisted C. persisted D. assisted 9. Very few experts __________ with completely new answers to the world's economic problems. A. come to B. come round C. come on D. come up 10. Conservative (保守的) people tend to __________ traditional ideas. A. stick to B. turn out C. set aside D. take over 11. The development of industry __________ the attitudes of men toward art and architecture. A. effected B. spun C. affected D. instructed 12. My __________ to this problem is quite different from his. A. manner B. approach C. behavior D. means 13. John __________ the results of the election with amazing accuracy. A. examined B. predicted C. overlooked D. governed 14. Disabled people should not be __________ the chances to study in university. A. forbidden B. prevented C. rejected D. denied 15. The Prime Minister refused to __________ on the rumor that he had planned to give up his position. A. relate B. frown C. comment D. catch UNIT 7 CULTURE 1. He left the spot immediately, afraid of being ________ in the car accident. A. connected B. taken C. seated D. involved 2. As the dictionary says, “graciousness” ________ means being polite, kin d and generous. A. literally B. gracefully C. exactly D. constantly 3. He insisted that she ________ improve her oral English by doing a lot of practice. A. could B. would C. might D. should 4. We don't believe that those special kinds of leaves are _______. A. actual B. edible C. ridiculous D. comprehensive 5. She was scared to ________ her father’s wishes. A. go about B. go through C. go against D. go on 6. Many a parent ________ to go through this same painful process. A. have B. has C. are having D. is having 7. ________ the war finally came to an end. A. It was not until 1972 that B. No sooner it was 1972 than C. Hardly it was 1972 that D. Scarcely it was 1972 when 8. He drove to the airport to ________ Mr. Dixon who came to see him from Orillia. A. pick up B. set out C. call for D. tone down 9. It is considerate ________ you to do me a favor at this moment. A. to B. for C. of D. about
新视野大学英语二试卷分析解析
山东英才学院教学点大学英语试卷（A） 年级：2015级专业：国际贸易学年: 2016学期 （本试题满分100分，时间120 分钟） Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure 词汇与语法知识（共20小题，每题1分，共20分） 1. With the rise of the production cost, eggs are now sold _____price. A. for a higher B. for a more expensive C. at a higher D. at a more expensive 2. At Christmas, many American towns have very large trees ______up outdoors. A. set B. setting C. setted D. to set 3. Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology_______. A will not have been achieved B. would not have been achieved C. have not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 4.__________, the football match will be played next Wednesday. A. Weather permits B. Weather permitting C. Weather permitted D. Weather permit 5. There is no ________asking him, for he knows nothing about the accident. A. point of B. point in C. position of D. position in 6.We are all _____to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don't do a good job. A. called in B. called out C. called upon D. called forward 7. Some people may have the same ________of education as a BA, even though they don't have a diploma. A. amount B. number C. quality D. deal 8. The shirt cost me _______$ 20, but I cannot remember the exact price. A. precisely B. accurately C. approximately D. presently 9. There was a monument in ______of those who died for our country. A. honor B. pride C. privilege D. award 10. It was really a ____when I had to _____off the visit which I had intended to pay to France in January. A.disappointment…give B.pleasure ….give C.disappointment…put
大学英语精读第一册答案
大学英语精读第一册答案 大学英语精读第三版第一册答案 Unit1 1) e 2) g 3) j 4) a 5) b 6) i 7) c 8) d 9) h 10) f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory
11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for
5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add
大学英语精读3 unit6单词
zombie n.还魂尸 Whiff n. 一吹, 一阵香气, 香烟的一口violation n.违反, 违背, 妨碍 vested adj. 既定的 underworld n. 黑社会 undercut v. 削弱, 廉价出售 ultimately adv.最后, 最终 troop n.群, 组,军队, 大量transportation n.运输, 运输工具, 运输系统symptom n.症状, 征兆 stigma n. 耻辱, 污名n. 柱头 stamp v.镇压，压制 smuggle v. 走私, 偷运, 偷带 sin n.原罪v.犯罪, 违反(教规) sentiment n.情绪, 感情, 观点, 感伤segregate v.分离, 隔离, 分凝adj.分离的segment n.部分, 弓形,瓣, 段, 节vt.分割sane adj.心智健全的, 明智的 sanction n.批准, 约束力,处罚 rum 朗姆酒 reverse v.逆转, 倒退, 互换；改变 repeal n. 废止, 撤消v. 废止, 撤消remove v.消除, 脱掉, 免除, 搬迁relentless adj.冷酷无情的, 不间断的reduce v.减少, 缩小, 使落魄, 简化, 还原recreation n.消遣, 娱乐 rebuttal n. 反驳, 反证 rationale l n.基本原理, 基础理论 pusher n. (毒品等的)非法销售者 pump v.用泵等抽出或压入 proverbial adj. 众所周知的 prosecutor n.公诉人, proponent n.提倡者, 支持者 prohibition n. 禁止, 禁令 premium n.额外费用, 奖金, 保险费 plus prep.加, 加上 persuasion n. 说服, 劝说, 信念 permanent adj.永久的, 持久的 per prep.每, 每一, 经过, 按照paradigm n.模式 outweigh v.比... 重要, 比... 有价值opium n. 鸦片, 麻醉剂 narcotic n. 麻醉药 multifaceted adj. 多层面的mount v.,举行 moralist n. 道德学家, 卫道士 mission n.使命, 代表团, 任务, 布道minimize v.将... 减到最少, 贬低 mild adj.温和的, marijuana n. 大麻 mainliner n. (静脉中注射毒品的)瘾君子logic n.逻辑, 逻辑学, 条理性, 推理 lift vt.解除（法令等） kick v.剔除，戒绝（恶习）intoxicant adj. 醉人的 insight n.洞察力 impoverish vt. 使贫困, 使贫瘠, 使枯竭impose v. 加上, 课征, 强迫, 征收(税款) illusory adj. 虚幻的, 幻觉的 illegal adj.非法的, 不合法的n.非法移民hooked adj.,吸毒成瘾的 heroin n. 海洛因 gaping adj.敞开的 exhortation n.劝告, 训词, 讲道词enforcement n.执行, 强制,实施 dwarf vt.使矮小 dramatically adv.戏剧地, 引人注目地 divine adj.神圣的, 神的 disprove vt.证明... 是不对的, 提出... 的反证demon n.魔鬼, 恶魔, deglamorize vt.使失去迷惑力criminalization n.(制定法律)宣告为非法criminal adj.犯罪的, 刑事的, 违法的 cop n.警察 antismoking adj. 反对吸烟的 confiscation n. 没收；征用；充公 coke n.
大学英语精读3单词
Glossary lesson 1 academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年 affection 喜爱 affirm 断言 agenda 日程表 anxiety 焦虑 attitudinal 态度的 baptist bounce 跳跃 capability 能力contribute 贡献 counsel 建议 crisis 危机 definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生)
encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋 ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的 financial 财政的 functional 职务的 genetic 基因的 guilt 内疚 heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流 interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊 masculine 男性的 maturity 成熟 mistrust 不信任
newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的 peer 同龄人 perceive 理解 position 工作 prejudiced 偏见 project 规划 rebel 抗议 relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责 seminary 学院的separation 分开 sexual 2性的 shrink 缩水 stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的lesson2
大学英语精读答案
大学英语精读第二册（第三版）b o o k2U n i t1答案1. bare 2. Empty 3. Empty 4. Bare 5. Empty 6.empty 二） 1. shortly 2.track down 3.faint 4.motioned 5.at the sight of 6.feel like 7.slamming 8.rang out 9.contract 10.made for 11.heated 12.emerged 三） 1. host 2. sprang up/rang out 3. Impulse 4. came to 5. track down 6. Unexpected 7. Outgrow 8. Widened 9. Shortly 10. emerge / spring up 11. at the sight of 12. made for 13. Crisis 14. colonial 四） 1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago. 2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation? 3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit. 4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent? 5. Her face lit up with joy at his return. 6. The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther away. 五） 1. Additional advantageous Anxious conditional
新视野大学英语二试卷分析解析
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大学英语精读3单词
academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年affection 喜爱affirm 断言agenda 日程表anxiety 焦虑attitudinal 态度的baptist bounce 跳跃capability 能力contribute 贡献counsel 建议crisis 危机definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生) encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的financial 财政的functional 职务的genetic 基因的guilt 内疚heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊masculine 男性的maturity 成熟mistrust 不信任newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的peer 同龄人perceive 理解position 工作prejudiced 偏见project 规划rebel 抗议relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责seminary 学院的separation 分开sexual 2性的shrink 缩水stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的 lesson2 alley n.小路, 巷bitterness n.苦味, 悲痛, 怨恨call it quits 停止civil war 内战Congressman n.国会议员, 众议院议员dirt road 土路down and out 落魄drip n.水滴vt.(使)滴下vi.(使)滴下druggist n.药商, 药材商, 药剂师【医】药商, 调剂员farmhouse n.农舍general n.一般, 将军, 大体a.全面的, 大体的, 总的, 一般的, 普遍的n.常规【计】常规【医】一般的, 全身性, 广泛的get hold of 抓住, 得到get word 获得消息, 听说, 得知 glimpse n.一瞥, 一闪vi.投以一瞥, 闪烁不定vt.瞥见fool around 闲荡, 干蠢事, 干无用的事, 干琐屑的事grand marshal 大元帅harness n.马具, 挽具状带子, 甲胄vt.给...上挽具, 驾驭, 披上甲胄, 利用...以产生动力headquarters n.总部, 司令部, 总部人员【经】本部, 总部, 总署hush n.肃静, 安静, 沉默vt.(使)肃静, (使)安静, (使)缄默interj.嘘, 别作声intimate a.亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的vt.暗示, 通知, 告诉n.至交【法】亲密的, 亲切的, 私人的lrish 爱尔兰的liven vt.使高兴, 使快活vi.快活起来livery n.制服, 侍从a.象肝的, 有肝病症状的 memoir n.传记, 实录, 追思录, 回忆录, 自传【化】研究报告miraculously ad.超自然, 非凡, 不可思议, 令人惊叹, 象奇迹一样, 奇迹般, 能创造奇迹momentary a.瞬间的, 刹那间的naked a.裸体的, 无装饰的, 无保护的, 赤贫的【医】裸露的orderly a.有秩序的, 整齐的, 值班的n.护理员, 清道夫, 传令兵, 勤务兵ad.依次地, 顺序地【医】男护理员parade n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵vt.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进vi.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进pond n.池塘vt.筑成池塘vi.筑成池塘Presbyterian adj.长老制的, 长老会的n.长老教会员railroad n.铁路, 铁路公司vt.铺设铁路, 用铁路运输vi.在铁路工作【经】铁道, 铁路ridiculous a.荒谬的, 可笑的Scotsman n.苏格兰人，苏格兰男人shed n.车棚, 小屋, 脱落之物, 分水岭vt.使流出, 放射, 脱落, 散发, 摆脱vi.流出, 散布, 脱落【医】脱落, 脱换show up 揭露, 露出, 露面 smash n.打碎, 粉碎, 打碎时哗啦声, 猛击, 扣球, 杀球, 经营失败, 破产, 硬币, 假硬币a.非常轰动的, 了不起的vt.打碎, 粉碎, 击溃, 使破产, 使裂变, 使用假硬币vi.碎裂, 猛撞, 破产, 扣球, 杀球ad.轰隆一声, 哗啦一声surrender vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 让与vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃, 投降Swede n.瑞典人Sweden sympathize vi.同情, 怜悯, 同意, 体谅 with thick with somebody 厚与某人windbag n.空话连篇的人, 风囊
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1.s trategy n. 策略 2.m eans n.方法，手段 3.d iligence n.勤勉，用功diligent a. 4.p rolonged a.持续很久的，长时间的 5.p rolong vt.延长，拖延 6.n evertheless ad.然而，尽管如此 7.c ommand n.掌握 8.s ustained a.持久的，坚持不懈的 9.s ustain vt. 保持，使继续下去 10.helpful a.有帮助的，乐于助人的 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84206146.html,plain vi.抱怨 12.memorize vt.记住，背熟 13.cram vt.把…塞满 14.bound a.一定的，很可能的 15.constant a.经常的，不断的
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84206146.html,mit vt.把…托付给 17.acquaintance n.了解，认识，熟人 18.concentrate v.集中注意力，专心 19.effective a.有效的 20.route n.途径，路线 21.enlarge v.扩大，放大 22.vocabulary n.词汇（量） 23.idiom n.习语，成语 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84206146.html,age n.惯用法 25.basis n.方法，基础 26.addition n.增加，加法 27.repetition n.重复 28.opportunity n.机会 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84206146.html,municate v.交流情况，沟通 30.enjoyable a.令人愉快的
31.campus n.校园 32.rehearsal n.排演，预演 33.partner n.同伴 34.instance n.事例 35.detail n.详情,细节 36.purchase n.购买,购置物vt.购买 37.environment n.环境 38.reliable a.可靠的 39.source n.来源,出处 40.handle vt.处理,对付 41.apart ad.相距,分开地 42.assign vt.分配(任务)给某人 43.motivation n.动机,动力 44.motivate vt.使有动机 45.culture n.文化 46.summarize vt.总结,概括
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