精读第三册第九课参考答案

第九课过度工作

会话

敏子：叔父，好久没联系了，不好意思。

叔父：是啊，很久了。怎么样，工作已经习惯了吧。

敏子：工作啊，每天从早到晚老是在算钱，和我原想的完全不一样。根本不让我做那些重要的工作。。。。实际上，我在想辞职算了。

叔父：是吗？好像三年前你刚工作的时候，还说至少工作10年内绝不辞职。可现在三年还不到怎么就要辞职，发生了什么事？

敏子：嗯，我也原想不混出个样子绝不辞职。不过，如果要跳槽的话，还是最早越好。

叔父：是嘛。其实我们公司最近也是，越来越多新职员刚进公司半年左右就辞职不干，真让人头痛。

敏子：半年？也太快了吧。

叔父：是啊。最近的人啊，不让他干自己想干的工作就立刻想辞职。

敏子：不过，我倒不是对现在的公司不满。只是想更多尝试一下自己的可能性。叔父：这倒是。。。我记得你好像大学时英语不错，对吧。发挥这个优势的工作如何？你喜欢和人交流吗？

敏子：喜欢，我和谁都能马上成为朋友。并且我也喜欢照顾别人。

叔父：是吗？那么你干活算快的？

敏子：那当然。我一直觉得不能干活太慢，给同事添麻烦。

叔父：没错。。。那么，这样的工作你觉得怎样。。。。

正文

「过度工作」

日本是世界第一长寿国家。平均寿命男性约76岁，女性约82岁。以前公司平均退休年龄是55岁，现在60岁退休的公司越来越多。但是即使退休年龄延长了，由于出生率低等原因参加工作的人还是在不断减少，65岁以上的老人则不断增加。21世纪初人口中老人占25%，那些工作的人们肩上的担子越来越重了。

有工作的人一天大半时间在工作中度过。除了一天8小时工作以外还有加班，有时候假期也要上班。日本在经济腾飞时期，时常苦于人手不足，而1991年“泡沫经济”崩溃后，工作则变得越来越少。工薪阶层一年的劳动时间虽然每个公司有所不同，但基本在2000个小时左右。据劳动省的调查，1992年日本人的平均劳动时间为1972个小时，比起法国的1619个小时相比长很多。

尽管如此，出于对“过度工作”的反省，现在实行一周休两天的企业多了起

来。据劳动省的调查，大约有40%的企业实行完全的一周休两天的制度。1993年的劳动报告中，有资料介绍日本劳动者中有四成过劳死。从贸易摩擦的角度看，工薪阶层也应当将一周工作时间控制在40个小时左右，拥有更多闲暇时间为宜。

至今为止日本的经济大多是由男性支撑起来的。这背后的思考方式是：“男性只要好好工作就行。家里交给妻子就行。”不过，由于越来越多的女性开始走上职场，因此人们开始想重新审视男性应当承担的责任。

如果工作时间减少的话，男性即使在家也能够与女性共同分担一些家务。“男主外、女主内”的想法已经开始逐渐发生变化。

练习Ⅰ

一．漢字に振り仮名をつけなさい。

ごぶさたむりなくなるふまんみちるとくいえるめいわくまようろうどうしょうはんせいはぶくよかひまみなおすはっけんすぐしょうじき

二．（）に適当な仮名を入れなさい。

１．から、まで、ばかり２．なかなか３．つもり、うちに

４．まい５．ば、ほど６．でも、で

７．に、わけ８．によって

三．与えられた言葉の中から適当なものを選んで（）に入れなさい。必要な場合は適当な活用形にしなさい。

１．うちに２．のに３．たしか４．つつある５．確かに６．にむく

四．例のように言い換えなさい。

１．①母に薬を飲まされました。

②能力が高い人でも、会社にやめさせられます。

③新しい首相は議員たちに辞職させられました。

④時間がないから、いらいらさせられます。

⑤皆さんの仕事ぶりに感心させられます。

２．①中国の消費市場が変化しつつあります。

②大手会社の独占状態が崩れつつあります。

③アメリカがサッカーに目覚めつつあります。

④ネットは我々の世界を変えつつあります。

⑤中国の低賃金は終わりつつあります。

３．①話するのは上手なのに、漢字がぜんぜん書けません。

②まだ新入社員なのに、偉そうに振舞っています。

③昨日は寒かったのに、今日は夏のように暑いです。

④彼女に頼みましたのに、やってくれませんでした。

⑤せっかく作りましたのに、どうして食べてくれませんか。

４．①旅行に行くなら、秋だったらどうですか。

②最初からもう一度やり直したらどうですか。

③たまに勉強したらどうですか。

④もし地震が起きたら、どうしたらいいですか。

⑤迷子になったら、どうしたらいいですか。

五．次の文を完成しなさい。

１．～べき

①いくら忙しくても、（入院した両親を見舞いに行く）べきです。

②先生にたいしては（丁寧な言葉を使う）べきです。

③どんなに難しくても、（最後までやり続ける）べきです。

④若いうちに、（できるだけいろいろなところへ旅行する）べきです。

⑤それは（今から注意す）べき問題です。

２．～ないうちに

①（忘れ）ないうちに、メモをとっておいてください。

②（冷め）ないうちに、食べてください。

③お母さんが（帰ら）ないうちに、宿題を書いてしまいました。

④子供が（醒め）ないうちに、部屋を掃除しましょう。

⑤個人の情報は（知ら）ないうちに漏れてしまうかもしれません。

３．～まい

①あいつにはもう二度と（会う）まい。

②指導者は一生大衆から（離れ）まいと誓いました。

③夫と息子を戦争に（行かせ）まい。

④ばかげたことを二度と（繰り返す）まい。

⑤これから君のことはもう何も（言う）まい。

六．本文を読んで次の質問に答えなさい。（略）

七．次の中国語を日本語に訳しなさい。

１．仕事で疲れるなら、たまに家族と旅行に行ってみたらどうですか。２．渡辺のうちが会場にもっとも近いのに、彼一人が遅くなりました。

３．ガイドの仕事は誰にも向いているとはかぎりません。

４．気づかないうちに、子供はすでに大学を卒業しました。

５．どういたしまして。私はただボランティアとしてやるべきことをしたんです。八．辞書を引いて、次の文章を中国語に訳しなさい。（略）

练习Ⅱ

問題Ⅰ②②②①②①③①

問題Ⅱ①①④②③④①④

問題Ⅲ③②①②②①④②④④

問題Ⅳ④③④④④④①②③④

問題Ⅴ問１それこれらそこ

③②①②

小知识

过劳死

过劳死是指正在壮年期的公司职员突然发生心脏疾病，或者脑出血导致死亡

的事情。日本的公司职员，尤其时中年的中层管理人员由于上上下下的压力不得

不拼命工作，这就使得人身心疲惫，催生了日本独特的中老年男性自杀率偏高的

现象产生，在日语中被称作“燃えつき症候群（燃えつき：燃尽，烧完）”。80

年代后期“过劳死”成为广为大家熟知的词语，现在英语中也出现了“「KAROSHI」

一词。

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