SAEJ2012-2002 Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1Scope (4)

1.1Purpose (4)

1.2Differences from ISO Document (4)

2References (4)

2.1Applicable Publications (4)

2.1.1SAE Publications (4)

2.1.2ISO Documents (4)

2.2Related Publications (4)

2.2.1SAE Publications (4)

3Terms and Definitions (4)

4General Specifications (7)

5Format Structure (7)

5.1Description (7)

5.2ISO/SAE Controlled Codes (Core DTCs) (8)

5.3Manufacturer Controlled Codes (Non-Uniform DTCs) (9)

5.4Body System Groupings (9)

5.4.1B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)

5.4.2B1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.4.3B2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.4.4B3XXX Reserved by Document (9)

5.5Chassis System Groupings (9)

5.5.1C0XXX ISO/SAE Controlled (9)

5.5.2C1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.5.3C2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.5.4C3XXX Reserved by Document (9)

5.6Powertrain System Groupings - DTC Numbers and Descriptions are Given in Appendix B (9)

5.6.1P0XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)

5.6.2P1XXX manufacturer control (9)

5.6.3P2XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)

5.6.4P3XXX Manufacturer Controlled and ISO/SAE Reserved (9)

5.7Network Groupings - DTC Numbers and Descriptions are Given in Appendix C (9)

5.7.1U0XXX ISO/SAE Controlled (9)

5.7.2U1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.7.3U2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)

5.7.4U3XXX Reserved (9)

6Diagnostic Trouble Code Descriptions (10)

7Change Requests (11)

Appendix A (Normative) Diagnostic Trouble Code Naming Guidelines (12)

A.1Discussion (12)

Appendix B (Normative) Powertrain System Diagnostic Trouble Code (14)

B.1P00XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (14)

B.2P01XX Fuel and Air Metering (16)

B.3P02XX Fuel and Air Metering (19)

B.4P03XX Ignition System or Misfire (21)

B.5P04XX Auxiliary Emission Controls (23)

B.6P05XX Vehicle Speed, Idle Control, and Auxiliary Inputs (26)

B.7P06XX Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (28)

B.8P07XX Transmission (31)

B.9P08XX Transmission (33)

B.10P09XX Transmission (36)

B.11P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion (38)

B.12P0BXX Reserved by Document (39)

B.13P0CXX Reserved by Document (39)

B.14P0DXX Reserved by Document (39)

B.15P0EXX Reserved by Document (39)

B.16P0FXX Reserved by Document (39)

B.17P10XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (39)

B.18P11XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering (39)

B.19P12XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering (39)

B.20P13XX Manufacturer Controlled Ignition System or Misfire (39)

B.21P14XX Manufacturer Controlled Auxiliary Emission Controls (39)

B.22P15XX Manufacturer Controlled Vehicle Speed, Idle Control, and Auxiliary Inputs (39)

B.23P16XX Manufacturer Controlled Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (39)

B.24P17XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)

B.25P18XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)

B.26P19XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)

B.27P20XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (40)

B.28P21XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (42)

B.29P22XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (45)

B.30P23XX Ignition System or Misfire (47)

B.31P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls (48)

B.32P25XX Auxiliary Inputs (50)

B.33P26XX Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (52)

B.34P27XX Transmission (54)

B.35P28XX ISO/SAE Reserved (56)

B.36P2AXX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)

B.37P30XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)

B.38P31XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)

B.39P32XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)

B.40P33XX Ignition System or Misfire (56)

B.41P34XX Cylinder Deactivation (56)

B.42P35XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)

B.43P36XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)

B.44P37XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)

B.45P38XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)

B.46P39XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)

Appendix C(Normative) Network Communication Groupings (60)

C.1U00XX Network Electrical (60)

C.2U01XX Network Communication (62)

C.3U02XX Network Communication (65)

C.4U03XX Network Software (66)

C.5U04XX Network Data (67)

1.Scope

1.1Purpose—This SAE Recommended Practice supersedes SAE J2012 MAR1999, and is technically equivalent

to ISO/DIS 15031-6:April 30, 2002.

This document is intended to define the standardized Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) that On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems in vehicles are required to report when malfunctions are detected.

This document includes:

a.Diagnostic Trouble Code format

b. A standardized set of Diagnostic Trouble Codes and descriptions

1.2Differences from ISO Document—There are no technical differences between this document and ISO/DIS

15031-6:April 30, 2002.

2.References

2.1Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified

herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply.

2.1.1SAE P UBLICATIO NS—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J1930—Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms -Equivalent to ISO/TR 15031-2:April 30, 2002

SAE J1979—E/E Diagnostic Test Modes - Equivalent to ISO/DIS 15031-5:April 30, 2002

2.1.2ISO D O CUMENT—Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.

ISO/DIS 15031-6: April 30, 2002—Road vehicles—Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics—Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions

2.2Related Publications—The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a

required part of this document.

2.2.1SAE P UBLICATIO N—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J1978—OBD II Scan Tool—Equivalent to ISO/DIS 15031-4:December 14, 2001

2.2.2ISO D O CUMENT—Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.

ISO 15031-1:2001—Road vehicles—Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics—Part 1: General information

3.Terms and Definitions—This document is not intended to be used for terms and definitions of vehicle

component terminology. These may appear in SAE J1930.

3.1Circuit/Open—Fixed value or no response from the system where specific high or low detection is not feasible

or can be used in conjunction with circuit low and high codes where all three circuit conditions can be detected.

NOTE—The term “malfunction” has, in most cases, been deleted from the DTC description.

3.2Range/Performance—Circuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions,

it may be used to indicate stuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system.

3.3Low Input—Circuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or

pin that is below the normal operating range.

3.4High Input—Circuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal

or pin that is above the normal operating range.

3.5Bank—Specific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number

1, bank 2 is the opposite bank

NOTE—If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single “bank”

system using multiple sensors, use bank #1.

3.6Sensor Location—Location of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intake

through to the vehicle tailpipe or fuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1,2,3 and so on NOTE—See Figures 1 to 4.

FIGURE 1—V6/V8/V12 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 2 EXHAUST BANKS AND 4 CATALYSTS EXAMPLE

FIGURE 2—V6/V8/V12 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 2 EXHAUST BANKS AND 3 CATALYSTS EXAMPLE

FIGURE 3—L4/L5/L6 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 1 EXHAUST BANK AND 2 CATALYSTS EXAMPLE

FIGURE 4—L4/L5/L6 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 1 EXHAUST BANK AND 1 CATALYST EXAMPLE

3.7Left/Right and Front/Rear—Component identified by its position as if it can be viewed from the drivers

seating position.

3.8“A” “B”—Where components are indicated by a letter (i.e., A, B, C, etc.) this would be manufacturer defined,

starting with component “A”.

3.9Intermittent/Erratic—The signal is temporarily discontinuous, the duration of the fault is not sufficient to be

considered an open or short, or the rate of change is excessive.

4.General Specifications—The following table specifies systems, code categories, hexadecimal values and

particular sections of electrical/electronic systems diagnostic.

TABLE 1—GENERAL CODE SPECIFICATIONS

System Code categories Hex value DTC Prefix

Body B0xxx - B3xxx8xxx - Bxxx B

Chassis C0xxx - C3xxx4xxx - 7xxx C

Powertrain P0xxx - P3xxx0xxx - 3xxx P

Network U0xxx - U3xxx Cxxx - Fxxx U The recommended DTCs consist of a three digit numeric code preceded by an alphanumeric designator. The alphanumeric designators are “B0”, “B1”, “B2”, “B3”, “C0”, “C1”, “C2”, “C3”, “P0”, “P1”, “P2”, “P3”, “U0”, “U1”,“U2”, “U3”, corresponding to four sets of body, four sets of chassis, four sets of powertrain and four sets of network trouble codes. The code structure itself is partially open-ended. A portion of the available numeric sequences (portions of “B0”, “C0”, “P0” and “U0”) is reserved for uniform codes assigned by this or future updates. Detailed specifications of the DTC format structure are specified in Section 5. Most circuit, component, or system diagnostic trouble codes are specified by four basic categories:

—General circuit /open

—Range/Performance problem

—Circuit Low

—Circuit High

Circuit Low is measured with the external circuit, component, or system connected. The signal type (voltage, frequency, etc.) shall be included in the message after Circuit Low or Circuit High.

Circuit High is measured with the external circuit, component, or system connected. The signal type (voltage, frequency, etc.) may be included in the message after Circuit Low or Circuit High.

5.Format Structure

5.1Description—The diagnostic trouble code consists of an alphanumeric designator, B0 -- B3 for body, C0 -- C3

for chassis, P0 -- P3 for powertrain, and U0 -- U3 for network communication, followed by three characters.

The assignment of the proper alpha designator should be determined by the area most appropriate for that function. In most cases, the alpha designator will be implied since diagnostic information will be requested from

a particular controller. However, this does not imply that all codes supported by a particular controller shall

have the same alphanumeric designator. The codes are structured as in the following figure.

FIGURE 5—STRUCTURE OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES

EXAMPLEThe data bus value $9234 would be displayed to technicians as the manufacturer controlled body

code B1234, see the figure below.

FIGURE 6—EXAMPLE OF TROUBLE CODE STRUCTURE

Codes have been specified to indicate a suspected trouble or problem area and are intended to be used as a

directive to the proper service procedure. To minimize service confusion, fault codes should not be used to

indicate the absence of problems or the status of parts of the system (e.g., powertrain system O.K., or MIL

activated), but should be confined to indicate areas in need of service attention.

Some ranges have been expanded beyond 100 numbers by using the hexadecimal base 16 number system.

5.2ISO/SAE Controlled Codes (Core DTCs)—ISO/SAE controlled diagnostic trouble codes are those codes

where industry uniformity has been achieved. These codes were felt to be common enough across most

manufacturers' applications that a common number and fault message could be assigned. All unspecified

numbers in each grouping have been reserved for future growth. Although service procedures may differ

widely amongst manufacturers, the fault being indicated is common enough to be assigned a particular fault

code. Codes in this area are not to be used by manufacturers until they have been approved by ISO/SAE.

5.3Manufacturer Controlled Codes (Non-Uniform DTCs)—Areas within each alpha designator have been

made available for manufacturer-controlled DTCs. These are fault codes that will not generally be used by a majority of the manufacturers due to basic system differences, implementation differences, or diagnostic strategy differences. Each vehicle manufacturer or supplier who designs and specifies diagnostic algorithms, software, and diagnostic trouble codes are strongly encouraged to remain consistent across their product line when assigning codes in the manufacturer controlled area. For powertrain codes, the same groupings should be used as in the ISO /SAE controlled area, i.e., 100's and 200's for fuel and air metering, 300's for ignition system or misfire, etc.

Code groupings for non-powertrain codes will be specified at a later date.

While each manufacturer has the ability to define the controlled DTCs to meet their specific controller algorithms, all DTC words shall meet SAE J1930.

5.4Body System Groupings

5.4.1B0XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED

5.4.2B1XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED

5.4.3B2XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED

5.4.4B3XXX R ES ERVE D BY D O CUMENT

5.5Chassis System Groupings

5.5.1C0XXX ISO/SAE C ONTRO LLE D

5.5.2C1XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED

5.5.3C2XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED

5.5.4C3XXX R ESERVED BY D O CUMENT

5.6Powertrain System Groupings—DTC Numbers and Cescriptions are Given in Appendix B

5.6.1P0XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED

5.6.2P1XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROL

5.6.3P2XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED

5.6.4P3XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED A ND ISO/SAE R ES ERV ED

5.7Network Groupings—DTC Numbers and Descriptions are given in Appendix C

5.7.1U0XXX ISO/SAE C ONTRO LLE D

5.7.2U1XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED

5.7.3U2XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED

5.7.4U3XXX R ESERVED

6.Diagnostic Trouble Code Descriptions—Each specified fault code has been assigned a description to

indicate the circuit, component or system area that was determined to be at fault. The descriptions are organized such that different descriptions related to a particular sensor or system are grouped together. In cases where there are various fault descriptions for different types of faults, the group also has a “generic”

description as the first code/message of the group. A manufacturer has a choice when implementing diagnostics, based on the specific strategy and complexity of the diagnostic.

Where more specific fault descriptions for a circuit, component, or system exist, the manufacturer should choose the code most applicable to their diagnosable fault. The descriptions are intended to be somewhat general to allow manufacturers to use them as often as possible yet still not conflict with their specific repair procedures. The terms “low” and “high” when used in a description, especially those related to input signals, refer to the voltage, frequency, etc. at the pin of the controller. The specific level of “low” and “high” shall be specified by each manufacturer to best meet their needs.

For example, in diagnosing a 5 V reference Throttle Position Sensor (TP Sensor), if the input signal at the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is stuck at near 0 V, a manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0122 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/ Switch A Circuit Low Input), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. If the input signal at the PCM is stuck at near 5 V, a manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/ Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0123 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. If the input signal at the PCM is stuck at 1.5 V at idle instead of the expected 1.0 V, the manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0121 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance Problem), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. The root cause of the higher than expected TP Sensor voltage may be either a faulty TP Sensor, corrosion in the TP Sensor connections or an improperly adjusted throttle plate. Identification of the root cause is done using the diagnostic procedures and is not implied by the DTC message, thus allowing the manufacturer the flexibility in assigning DTCs Change requests.

7.Change Requests—Use this form to pass your request.

Request Form for New SAE J2012 SAE Controlled DTC

What is the purpose of the component, circuit, or system?

Example: Exhaust Gas Recirculation.

What is the purpose of the diagnostic?

Example: detect low EGR flow

Requested Group Number

Requested DTC Number

Requested DTC Nomenclature

Example: EGR Low Flow Detected

Requested by:

Phone/Fax

Email

Address

Date:

Please send completed form(s) to:

SAE Headquarters

755 West Big Beaver Road

Suite 1600

Troy, MI 48084

USA

ATTN: SAE J2012 Powertrain

Committee Chairman

8.Notes

8.1Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating

areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DIAGNOSTIC

SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEE

APPENDIX A

(NORMATIVE)

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE NAMING GUIDELINES

A.1Discussion—The following Table A1 is a guideline used to help in determining DTC descriptions. Appendix B

shows applications for recommended industry common trouble codes for the powertrain control system. These include systems that might be integrated into an electronic control module that would be used for controlling engine functions, such as fuel, spark, idle speed, and vehicle speed (cruise control) as well as those for transmission control. The fact that a code is recommended as a common industry code does not imply that it is

a required code (legislated), an emission related code, nor that it indicates a fault that will cause the

malfunction indicator to be illuminated.

TABLE A1—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS FROM COMPONENTS

Component/System SAE J19301)

Acronym

SAEJ19301)

Modifier

(if used) 1)

Noun Name1Circuit

1)

Intermittent

(if used) 1)

State

(if used) 1)

Parameter

(if used) 1)

Location

(if used) 1)

Throttle Position TP Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Throttle Position TP Sensor Circuit Performance

Manifold Absolute

Pressure

MAP Sensor Circuit High Voltage

Engine Coolant

Temperature

ECT Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Intake Air Temperature IAT Sensor Circuit High Voltage Vehicle Speed Sensor VSS included in

acronym

Circuit High Voltage

Vehicle Speed Sensor VSS included in

acronym

Circuit Intermittent

Heated Oxygen Sensor HO2S included in

Acronym

Heater

Circuit

Heated Oxygen Sensor HO2S included in

Acronym

Heater Circuit Low Voltage Bank (B1)

Sensor 1 (S1)

Idle Air Control IAC Valve Circuit Low Voltage

Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor Circuit High Frequency

Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor Circuit Performance

Knock Sensor KS included in

acronym

Module Sensor

Circuit Bank 1

Knock Sensor KS included in

acronym

Module Sensor

Circuit Performance

Crankshaft Position CKP Sensor Circuit

Evaporative Emissions EVAP Canister

Purge

Valve Circuit

Engine Speed RPM Input Circuit

Air Conditioning A/C Clutch

Status

N/A Circuit Low Voltage

Heated Oxygen Sensor HO2S Circuit Transition

Time Ratio Bank 1 (B1) Sensor (S1)

Heated Oxygen Sensor HO2S Circuit Insufficient Switching

Bank 1 (B1)Sensor 1 (S1)

Distributor Ignition DI Low Resolution

Circuit

Intermittent

Distributor Ignition

DI

High Resolution Circuit

NOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.

TABLE A2—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS TO COMPONENTS

Component/System

SAE J19301)Acronym SAE J19301)

Modifier (if used)

1)

Noun Name1)Control 1)Circuit 1)

Intermittent (if used) 1)State (if used)

1)

Parameter (if used) 1)Location (if used) 1)

Malfunction Indicator lamp MIL included in acronym

Control Circuit Injector N/A Control Circuit Fan Control FC Relay 1Control Circuit Fan Control FC Relay 2Control Circuit Low Exhaust Gas Recirculation

EGR Solenoid Control Circuit High Secondary Air Injection AIR Solenoid Control Circuit High

Evaporative Emissions EVAP Purge Solenoid Control Circuit Air Conditioning A/C Clutch

Relay Control Circuit Idle Air Control IAC Valve Control Circuit Low Ignition Control IC N/A included in acronym Circuit Low Voltage Ignition Control

IC N/A included in acronym Circuit High Voltage

Torque Converter Clutch

TCC

Solenoid

Control

Circuit

Stuck on

NOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.

TABLE A3—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES INVOLVING SEVERAL COMPONENTS OR SYSTEMS

Component/System

SAE J19301)Acronym SAE J19301)

Modifier 1)

System 1)Intermittent 1)

State 1)

Parameter 1)

Location 1)

Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR System Fuel Trim

FT System Lean

Bank 1Secondary Air Injection

AIR

System

Bank 1

NOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.

TABLE A1—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS FROM COMPONENTS

Component/System

SAE J19301)Acronym SAEJ19301)

Modifier (if used) 1)

Noun Name 1

Circuit

1)

Intermittent (if used) 1)State (if used) 1)Parameter (if used) 1)Location (if used) 1)

APPENDIX B

(NORMATIVE)

POWERTRAIN SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE

B.1P00XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls

TABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS DTC number DTC naming Location P0001 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit/Open

P0002 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Range/Performance

P0003 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Low

P0004 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit High

P0005 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit/Open

P0006 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit Low

P0007 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit High

P0008 Engine Position System Performance Bank 1 P0009 Engine Position System Performance Bank 2 P0010 a) "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Bank 1 P0011 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 1 P0012 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1 P0013 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Actuator Circuit Bank 1 P0014 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 1 P0015 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1 P0016 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 1 Sensor A P0017 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 1 Sensor B P0018 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 2 Sensor A P0019 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 2 Sensor B P0020 a) "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Bank 2 P0021 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 2 P0022 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2 P0023 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Actuator Circuit Bank 2 P0024 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 2 P0025 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2 P0026 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 P0027 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 P0028 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 P0029 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 P0030 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0031 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0032 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0033 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit

P0034 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit Low

P0035 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit High

P0036 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2

TABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS (CONTINUED) DTC number DTC naming Location P0037 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0038 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0039 Turbo/Super Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance

P0040 O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/ Bank 2 Sensor 1

P0041 O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/ Bank 2 Sensor 2

P0042 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0043 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0044 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0045 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit/Open

P0046 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance

P0047 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit Low

P0048 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit High

P0049 Turbo/Super Charger Turbine Overspeed

P0050 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0051 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0052 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0053 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0054 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0055 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0056 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0057 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0058 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0059 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0060 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0061 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0062 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0063 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0064 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0065 Air Assisted Injector Control Range/Performance

P0066 Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit or Circuit Low

P0067 Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit High

P0068 MAP/MAF – Throttle Position Correlation

P0069 Manifold Absolute Pressure – Barometric Pressure Correlation

P0070 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit

P0071 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Range/Performance

P0072 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit Low

P0073 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit High

P0074 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent

P0075 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1 P0076 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1 P0077 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1 P0078 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1 P0079 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1

TABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS (CONTINUED) DTC number DTC naming Location P0080 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1

P0081 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2

P0082 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2

P0083 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2

P0084 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2

P0085 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2

P0086 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2

P0087 Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too Low

P0088 Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too High

P0089 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Performance

P0090 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control Circuit

P0091 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control Circuit Low

P0092 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control Circuit High

P0093 Fuel System Leak Detected – Large Leak

P0094 Fuel System Leak Detected – Small Leak

P0095 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit

P0096 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance

P0097 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low

P0098 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High

P0099 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic

a)The "A" camshaft shall be either the "intake," "left," or "front" camshaft. Left/Right and Front/Rear are determined as if viewed from the driver's

seating position. Bank 1 contains cylinder number one, Bank 2 is the opposite bank.

b)The "B" camshaft shall be either the "exhaust," "right," or "rear" camshaft. Left/Right and Front/Rear are determined as if viewed from the

driver's seating position. Bank 1 contains cylinder number one, Bank 2 is the opposite bank.

B.2P01XX Fuel and Air Metering

TABLE B2—P01XX FUEL AND AIR METERING

DTC number DTC naming Location P0100 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit

P0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance

P0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input

P0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input

P0104 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Intermittent

P0105 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit

P0106 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/Performance

P0107 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low Input

P0108 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit High Input

P0109 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Intermittent

P0110 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit

P0111 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance

P0112 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Low

P0113 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit High

P0114 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent

TABLE B2—P01XX FUEL AND AIR METERING (CONTINUED)

DTC number DTC naming Location P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit

P0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Range/Performance

P0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Low

P0118 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit High

P0119 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Intermittent

P0120 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit

P0121 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit Range/Performance

P0122 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit Low

P0123 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit High

P0124 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit Intermittent

P0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control

P0126 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Stable Operation

P0127 Intake Air Temperature Too High

P0128 Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)

P0129 Barometric Pressure Too Low

P0130 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0131 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0132 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0133 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0134 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0135 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0136 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0137 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0138 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0139 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0140 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0141 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0142 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0143 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0144 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0145 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0146 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0147 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0148 Fuel Delivery Error

P0149 Fuel Timing Error

P0150 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0151 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0152 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0153 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0154 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0155 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0156 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0157 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2

TABLE B2—P01XX FUEL AND AIR METERING (CONTINUED)

DTC number DTC naming Location P0158 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0159 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0160 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0161 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0162 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0163 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0164 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0165 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0166 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0167 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0168 Fuel Temperature Too High

P0169 Incorrect Fuel Composition

P0170 Fuel Trim Bank 1 P0171 System Too Lean Bank 1 P0172 System Too Rich Bank 1 P0173 Fuel Trim Bank 2 P0174 System Too Lean Bank 2 P0175 System Too Rich Bank 2 P0176 Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit

P0177 Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Range/Performance

P0178 Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Low

P0179 Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit High

P0180 Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit

P0181 Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance

P0182 Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low

P0183 Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High

P0184 Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent

P0185 Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit

P0186 Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance

P0187 Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low

P0188 Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High

P0189 Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent

P0190 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit

P0191 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance

P0192 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low

P0193 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High

P0194 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent

P0195 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor

P0196 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Range/Performance

P0197 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Low

P0198 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor High

P0199 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Intermittent

B.3P02XX Fuel and Air Metering

TABLE B3—P02XX FUEL AND AIR METERING

DTC number DTC naming Location P0200 Injector Circuit/Open

P0201 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 1

P0202 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 2

P0203 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 3

P0204 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 4

P0205 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 5

P0206 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 6

P0207 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 7

P0208 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 8

P0209 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 9

P0210 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 10

P0211 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 11

P0212 Injector Circuit/Open – Cylinder 12

P0213 Cold Start Injector 1

P0214 Cold Start Injector 2

P0215 Engine Shutoff Solenoid

P0216 Injector/Injection Timing Control Circuit

P0217 Engine Coolant Over Temperature Condition

P0218 Transmission Fluid Over Temperature Condition

P0219 Engine Overspeed Condition

P0220 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "B" Circuit

P0221 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "B" Circuit Range/Performance

P0222 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "B" Circuit Low

P0223 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "B" Circuit High

P0224 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "B" Circuit Intermittent

P0225 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "C" Circuit

P0226 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "C" Circuit Range/Performance

P0227 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "C" Circuit Low

P0228 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "C" Circuit High

P0229 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "C" Circuit Intermittent

P0230 Fuel Pump Primary Circuit

P0231 Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low

P0232 Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High

P0233 Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Intermittent

P0234 Turbo/Super Charger Overboost Condition

P0235 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "A" Circuit

P0236 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "A" Circuit Range/Performance

P0237 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "A" Circuit Low

P0238 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "A" Circuit High

P0239 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "B" Circuit

P0240 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "B" Circuit Range/Performance

P0241 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "B" Circuit Low

TABLE B3—P02XX FUEL AND AIR METERING (CONTINUED)

DTC number DTC naming Location P0242 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor "B" Circuit High

P0243 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "A"

P0244 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "A" Range/Performance

P0245 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "A" Low

P0246 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "A" High

P0247 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "B"

P0248 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "B" Range/Performance

P0249 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "B" Low

P0250 Turbo/Super Charger Wastegate Solenoid "B" High

P0251 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "A" (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0252 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "A" Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0253 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "A" Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0254 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "A" High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0255 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "A" Intermittent (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0256 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0257 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0258 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0259 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0260 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" Intermittent (Cam/Rotor/Injector)

P0261 Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Low

P0262 Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit High

P0263 Cylinder 1 Contribution/Balance

P0264 Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit Low

P0265 Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit High

P0266 Cylinder 2 Contribution/Balance

P0267 Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit Low

P0268 Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit High

P0269 Cylinder 3 Contribution/Balance

P0270 Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit Low

P0271 Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit High

P0272 Cylinder 4 Contribution/Balance

P0273 Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit Low

P0274 Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit High

P0275 Cylinder 5 Contribution/Balance

P0276 Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit Low

P0277 Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit High

P0278 Cylinder 6 Contribution/Balance

P0279 Cylinder 7 Injector Circuit Low

P0280 Cylinder 7 Injector Circuit High

P0281 Cylinder 7 Contribution/Balance

P0282 Cylinder 8 Injector Circuit Low

P0283 Cylinder 8 Injector Circuit High

P0284 Cylinder 8 Contribution/Balance

taylor_swift_泰勒斯威夫特歌词大全

Taylor Swift We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together I remember when we broke up the first time Seeing this is, and had enough, it's like We haven't seen each other in a month When you, said you, needed space, what? When you come around again and say Baby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna change Trust me, remember how that lasted for a day I say, I hate you, we break up, you call me, I love you Oooh we called it off again last night But Oooh, this time I'm telling you I'm telling you We are never ever ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends talk And my friends talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Like ever... I'm really gonna miss you picking fights And me, falling for a screaming that I'm right And you, will hide away and find your piece of mine with some indie record that's much cooler than mine Oooh you called me up again tonight I used to think, that we, were forever ever ever And I used to say never say never Huh, he calls me up and he's like, I still love you And I'm like, I mean, I mean this is exhausting, you know We are never getting back together, like ever Love Story We were both young when I first saw you. I close my eyes and the flashback starts: I'm standing there on a balcony in summer air. See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns. See you make your way through the crowd and say hello; Little did I know That you were Romeo; you were throwing pebbles, And my daddy said, Stay away from Juliet. And I was crying on the staircase, begging you, 'Please, don't go.' And I said, Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone. I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run. You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess It's a love story - baby just say 'Yes.' So I sneak out to the garden to see you. We keep quiet 'cause we're dead if they knew. So close your eyes; escape this town for a little while. 'Cause you were Romeo, I was a scarlet letter, And my daddy said Stay away from Juliet, But you were everything to me; I was begging you, 'Please, don't go,' Romeo save me; they're trying to tell me how to feel. This love is difficult, but it's real. Don't be afraid; we'll make it out of this mess. It's a love story - baby just say 'Yes.' I got tired of waiting, Wondering if you were ever coming around. My faith in you was fading When I met you on the outskirts of town. And I said, Romeo save me - I've been feeling so alone. I keep waiting for you but you never come. Is this in my head? I don't know what to think- He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring and said, Marry me, Juliet. you'll never have to be alone. I love you and that's all I really know. I talked to your dad, go pick out a white dress; It's a love story - baby just say 'Yes.' We were both young when I first saw you Our Song I was riding shotgun with my hair undone in the front seat of his car He's got a one-hand feel on the steering wheel The other on my heart I look around, turn the radio down He says baby is something wrong? I say nothing I was just thinking how we don't have a song And he says... Our song is the slamming screen door, Sneaking out late, tapping on your window When you're on the phone and you talk real slow Cause it's late and your mama don't know Our song is the way you laugh

详解雅思听力section1考点及解题技巧(三)

详解雅思听力section1考点及解题技巧（三）有过雅思考试经历的考生都知道雅思听力考试的四个section中，就题目的难度、考察的背景信息及录音的速度而言，section 1可以说是难度较低的一部分，然而，纵观考题卷，我们却经常发现section 1的正确率有时却不尽人意。下面为大家详解雅思听力section1考点及解题技巧，希望对大家的雅思听力备考有帮助。 二、解题思路 Section 1中的解题思路可划分为2个环节，分别是：角色分工、信息陷阱。 1、角色分工 从section 1是一个conversation的文体上看，10道题的角色分工是很明显的。根据角色的不同，我们分为信息提问者和信息提供者。从卷面上我们不难发现， (1)10道题都是由信息提供者即回答问题的人提供，比如：Cambridge 7 Test 1 S1; (2)其中有2-4道题是由信息提问者提供，比如：Cambridge 5 Test 2 S1。 2、信息陷阱 (1)信息提问者所提供的答案多数为“陷阱”。 我们对section 1的题目做好角色分工后，就可以根据角色来做题。因为大部分的题目是由信息提供者提供，因此考生在听题的时候，可以不理会信息提问者给出的答案。 (2)信息提供者提供答案的过程中，信息随时会发生转变。 下面我们通过剑桥5 Test 2 Section 1的部分题目来讲解这2个环节。 Q2 two forms of ID e.g. driving license………………..

Q6 Computers can be booked up to……….. hours in advance. 我们先来看一下这两道题的录音： LIBRARIAN: We also need two documents for ID, so a driving license would be fine. MAN: I have got that and what else? A credit card?(陷阱之一) LIBRARIAN: No, it needs to have your address on it.(陷阱之二) MAN: Shall I bring a bank statement,(正确答案) would that do? LIBRARIAN: That’ll be fine.(给予肯定) MAN: Do I have to book in advance for them? LIBRARIAN: Oh, yes, it’s advisable. Most people tend to book 24(陷阱之一) hours in advance although sometimes you can get one with only 6(陷阱之二) hours’notice. However,(语气转折) the earliest you can book a computer is 48(正确答案) hours before you need it. 从录音中可以看出MAN是信息提问者，LIBRARIAN是信息提供者。Q2是由信息提问者提供答案，最终由信息提供者来确定正确答案，而Q6是直接由信息提供者提供答案，但信息不断更换—最终however后给出了正确答案。 以上就是详解雅思听力section1考点及解题技巧的内容，希望对大家的雅思备考有帮助。最后，预祝大家在雅思考试中取得满意的成绩。

雅思口语考试必备基础知识及应试技巧

雅思口语考试必备基础知识及应试技巧 一、在日常口语练习中应注意哪些问题，如何进行提高? 首先大家要明白，口语考试的目的，绝不仅仅是通过考试，而是增强口语交流的能力，毕竟大家以后都要出国学习的。那么在没有英语环境的条件下，如何给自己创造环境?我本人正在做的，也是我的学生们正在做的，是每天半小时的英语新闻，口语考试不仅仅是说话，更要听懂对方在说什么，所以你听懂了老外说的，你熟悉了对方的语调，对自己的口语听力，有着直接的帮助，对于阅读和写作，长远看来也是很有益的。就想9月7日刚刚结束的雅思考试A类大作文，讲述的是nuclear power—核能。很多学生望而却步，不知道如何下笔，但如果有听英语新闻的考生，会发现要写这样的作文并不是件很困难的事情。这也就不难理解，为什么考官曾经说过，不要求考生的知识面很深，但要广。 平时除了听新闻，更要多加强一些雅思口语考试环境的模拟。往往有很多考生平时练习和积累很好，但一到考场上就出现怯场，连平时能听懂的、会说也不会了，这严重影响了考试成绩。对此，我建议考生平时一定要多，加强一些话题讨论的练习，最好报个培训班，可以得到老师的更多在技巧、应试中的真传。对于口语学习，小马过河是不错的选择，有针对雅思的单独的口语精炼，老师大多是国外回来的，纯真的口音有助于口语水平的提升，对于相对基础较差的考生来，

可以考虑先上基础的剑桥课程打底子，即使第一次考试不过，还可以继续通过网络课程的进一步学习，准备下次考试。

二、考前考生应该注意些什么? 很多考生在雅思考试口语考试之前会更加努力地去复习，导致紧张情绪增加，其实考前应该心情放松，心态平和，考试才能正常发挥水平。因为考试首先考验的是大家的心态。所以，建议考生考前做到一下几点： 1.提前一周调整生物钟，习惯早睡早起。争取把最佳状态调整到上午时间段，而非继续做夜猫子。 2.千万不要题海战术，每天一套题只能让你力不从心。即使无力完成复习目标，也不要苛求，不必给自己太大压力。 3.、坚持给自己营造英文环境。坚持每天听一段听力，像平时一样，念一阵英文，还可以适当看一看美剧，毕竟考场上的PART1也是首先展现你交际能力的机会，如果发音准确，表达地道，那么你就先拔头筹了。 4.摆正心态，相信只要付出必有收获。 三、考生在雅思口语考试部分的得分普遍在5分左右，真正的高分是凤毛麟角的。

泰勒斯威夫特歌曲中英文对照歌词

1-【Tim McGraw】 ★You said the way my blue eyes shined 你说我的蓝眼睛这样闪闪发光 Put those Georgia stars to shame that night让那晚所有乔治亚州的星星都黯然失色 I said: "That's a lie"我说：“你说谎。” Just a boy in a Chevy truck, 就像一个开着雪佛兰卡车的男孩 That had a tendency of gettin' stuck On backroads at night晚上车子在乡村道路上抛锚了 And I was right there beside him all summer long而我整个夏天都陪在他身边 And then the time we woke up to find that summer'd gone当我们醒来时却发现夏天已经过去了 But when you think: Tim McGraw但是当你想起：蒂姆麦克罗 I hope you think my favorite song我希望你能想起我最喜欢的歌 The one we danced to all night long那首我们伴着跳了一整夜的歌 The moon like a spotlight on the lake月光像湖泊上的聚光灯 When you think happiness 当你想到幸福的时候 I hope you think: "That little black dress"我希望你想起“那条小黑裙” Think of my head on your chest想起我的头靠在你的胸膛上 And my old faded blue jeans还有我那旧的褪了色的蓝色牛仔裤 When you think Tim McGraw当你想起蒂姆麦克罗 I hope you think of me我希望你会想起我 ★September saw a month of tears九月是充满了眼泪的一个月 And thankin' God that you weren't here幸亏你不在这儿 To see me like that看到我这样一直哭 But in a box beneath my bed但是在我床下的一个盒子里 Is a letter that you never read有一封你从未看过的信 From three summers back三年前的那个夏天 It's hard not to find it all a little bittersweet不难发现这是个苦乐参半的回忆 And lookin' back on all of that, it's nice to believe: 现在回想起这一切我欣然相信： When you think: Tim McGraw但是当你想起：蒂姆麦克罗 I hope you think my favorite song我希望你能想起我最喜欢的歌 The one we danced to all night long那首我们伴着跳了一整夜的歌 The moon like a spotlight on the lake月光像湖泊上的聚光灯 When you think happiness 当你想到幸福的时候 I hope you think: "That little black dress"我希望你想起“那条小黑裙” Think of my head on your chest想起我的头靠在你的胸膛上 And my old faded blue jeans还有我那旧的褪了色的蓝色牛仔裤 When you think Tim McGraw当你想起蒂姆麦克罗 I hope you think of me我希望你会想起我

雅思写作应试技巧 答案

第二節經濟原則 1. Some people are strongly against space research because they think it is an extravagant and wasteful project for developing countries. 2. Many people are struggling at the poverty line, lacking food and shelter. Why not use the limited public funds to help them alleviate poverty? 3. The primary responsibility of a government is to help its people eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy. 4. The development of tourism creates many job opportunities and great amounts of foreign currency. 5. Play ing computer games all day lavishes parents’ hard-earned money. 6. Art funding is a luxurious practice to many developing countries. 7. Improving people’s welfare is the government’s obligation. 8. The construction of stadiums and theaters squanders the go vernment’s tight budget. 9. It is a dissipation of taxpayers’ money for the government to subsidize artists and musicians. 10. It is a luxurious dream for children in the poverty-stricken area to receive formal education. 11. Net-surfing is a costly hobby. 12. Preservation of endangered species is a great economic burden on the developing nations. 13. Hosting the Olympic Games can increase the government revenue and create more employment. 14. A private car is a luxury to many destitute families. 15. It is a laudable endeavor to help children in the impoverished area to have access to formal education. 16. Sending children to study abroad is a heavy financial burden on many families. 17. The development of space exploration lavishes the limited public funds. 18. College students’ taking part-time jobs helps ease the financial burden of their parents. 19. It is a great economic burden for a government with a tight budget to subsidize artists and drama companies, which lavishes taxpayers’ money. 20. Legalization of gambling can bring the government a great amount of foreign currency and at the same time create a considerable number of employment opportunities.

中英文歌词Last Christmas

Last Christmas 演唱：Taylor Swift 泰勒·斯威夫特 Last Christmas I gave you my heart 去年的圣诞节，我将我的真心给了你 But the very next day, you gave it away 可就在第二天，你却把它抛弃 This year to save me from tears 今年，我在泪水中重新振作 I’ll give it to someone special我会把心交给一个特别的人 Once bitten and twice shy 第一次的挫折让我羞于启齿 I keep my distance 我和你保持着距离 But you still catch my eyes 可你还是捕捉到了我的眼神 Tell me baby, do you recognize me 告诉我，宝贝你认出我了吗？ Well it’s been a year好吧，已经一年过去了 It doesn’t surprise me我对此并不惊讶 Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐 I wrapped it up and sent it 我包装好后将它送出 With a note saying I love you I meant it 附上字条，写着“我爱你”，我是认真的Now I know what a fool I've been 现在我才知道自己曾经多么愚蠢 But if u kiss me now 如果你现在再次吻我

I know you'll fool me again 我会知道你又一次在愚弄我 Last Christmas I gave you my heart 去年的圣诞，我将我的真心给了你 But the very next day you gave it away 可就在第二天，你却把它抛弃 This year to save me from tears 今年，我在泪水中重新振作 I’ll give it to someone special我会把心交给一个特别的人 Last Christmas I gave you my heart 去年的圣诞，我将我的真心给了你 But the very next day you gave it away 可就在第二天，你却把它抛弃 This year to save me from tears 今年，我在泪水中重新振作 I’ll give it to someone special我会把心交给一个特别的人 A crowded room 在一间拥挤的房间 Friends with tired eyes 朋友们带着疲惫的眼神 I’m hidding from you and your soul vival我躲着你和你冰冷的灵魂 My god ,I thought you were Someone to rely on Me 老天，我曾幻想你是多麽的倚赖我的人I guess I was a shoulder to cry on 也以为我就是那个可让你靠著的肩膀A face on a lover with a fire in his heart 倾慕的表情，燃烧的内心 A gril under cover but you tore her apart 一个躲闪的人，你将他抛弃

雅思口语考试技巧

口语考试如果希望取得高分(比如7分以上)，不但要有一定的口语水平，还要来点“旁门左道”。依据我的经验，口语考试成绩=个人真实的口语水平x现场表现系数x考官认可系数。这三部分中，口语水平短时间内很难有大的提高，虽然完全可以通过充分的准备从而“脱胎换骨”。考官是否认可不能由你把握，但是与你的现场表现直接相关。所以，如果想要在口语考试中拿到高分，最能控制也是最立竿见影的就是你的现场表现。一句话：你要影响考官。 一、雅思口语考试三大破绽 口语考试并非"无机可乘",相反,它的主观性决定了它与生俱来的不准 确性。从两次口语取得8分的经历中,我总结出雅思口语考试有以下破绽,从而使考生能用于影响考官: 1 口语考试的成绩与你的真实水平是正相关的，但不是成正比的。也就是说，在你毫无准备的情况下，它能够测出你属于哪一个档次的，比如说，5-6分是一个中级档次，7-8分是一个高级档次。但是在同一个档次内部，到底是5分还是6分，7分还是8分，完全取决于两个人的主观博弈-你和考官。 2 口语考试的生杀大权掌握在考官手中，所以要“攻城为下，攻心为上”。我的口号是“要把考官当人看”,而不是机器或者大牲口(虽然你心里是这么想的)。口语考试考察的是考生的"沟通"能力,而非单纯的"口语"能力。所以,如果你在考试开始前没有礼貌地和考官打招呼,没有尊重地问问考官的名字,说话的时候表 情冷漠,没有笑容,光目呆滞,总是保持一个声调，使人感到乏味，离开考场时忘了对考官说"再见",总之就是没有给予考官对正常人应有的礼貌和尊重时,你是 休想得高分的。

3 “多算胜，少算不胜”。我们不能打无把握之仗，而要在考试前积极备战，从而使雅思口语考试的科学性在你的成绩上体现的微乎其微。因为口语考试采用的是题库制，所以所有的题目都能从网上找到“机经”。你完全可以做到有的放矢的备考。一旦你有了充分的准备，即使自认为口语水平一般的同学,通过一定的技术处理,完全有可能在口语考试中作到"点石成金",从而取得7分以上的成绩。 二、现场表现系数的四大要素 口语考试要有以下几个要素才能得高分:自信,反应,语音和表情。这就是我说的“现场表现系数”。 1 自信。你有面对考官的自信吗？比如,你是否会很轻松地反问考官:"What can I call you?"从而给考官的笫一印象就是:这个人肯定口语不错,因为其它考生都不敢和我这样!口语考试不同于一般的和鬼子聊天,而是你和一个考官在一间“阴森可怖”的小黑屋里面，你看着他，他看着你。你无权保持沉默，并且你所说的每一句话都将成为承堂证供，因为你面前还摆着一个录音机。你曾有的自信就在你还没有进入口语考场之前的焦急等待中彻底土崩瓦解了。那你就完了，因为你下面的口语考试就会出现技术变形。自信从何而来？准备。如果你对即将考到的题目烂熟于胸，你会不自信吗？如果你已经拥有了大量和鬼子练口语的经历，发现他们无非就是一群来中国“潇洒走一回”的流浪汉，你会不自信吗？所以，试问那些一考口语就紧张的同学，你们有谁在考试之前做到了以上这两点呢？ 2 反应。如果你希望对口语考试中的所有问题都有所准备，这是mission impossible。所以要对没有准备过的问题做出敏锐地反应。我第二次考8分的时候被问到一个问题：“Are physical exercises popular in China？”

Red-Taylor_Swift-歌词(中英文对照-上下)

Red Taylor Swift Loving him 爱他， is like driving a new Maserati down a dead end street 就好象驾驶着Maserati，行驶在没有出口的公路 Faster than the wind, 奔跑在风的前沿 passionate as sin, 犯罪般的热烈 ending so suddenly 结束却令人措手不及 Loving him 爱他 is like trying to change your mind once you’re already flying through the free fall 就好像在飘扬时努力改变方向，旋转在触地前 Like the colors in autumn,so bright,just before they lose it all 又好似秋天的色彩，如此鲜明，却艳丽在褪色前 Losing him was blue, like I’ve never known 失去他的蓝色，是我不曾体验的忧郁 Missing him was dark grey, all alone 想念他的深灰，是一直伴随我的孤单 Forgetting him was like trying to know somebody you never met 对他的忘却，难似试图了解一个不曾相识的陌生面孔 But loving him was red 但爱他的红色，点燃了我的心 Loving him was red 沸腾了我的血液 Touching him was like realizing all you ever wanted was right there in front of you 轻触他的指尖，便发现幻想中的一切就这样真实的出现在眼前 Memorizing him was as easy as knowing all the words to your old favorite song 印刻他在脑际，简单的如同记忆那些美丽的韵脚，来自你最爱的旋律 Fighting with him was like trying to solve a crossword and realizing there’s no right answer 和他的争吵，就好像企图解出一个没有答案的填字游戏 Regrettin g him was like wishing you’d never found out that love could be that strong 失去他的遗憾，让你开始祈祷自己不曾发现，爱是这般强大 Losing him was blue, like I’ve never known 失去他的蓝色，是我不曾体验的忧郁 Missing him was dark grey, all alone 想念他的深灰，是一直伴随我的孤单 Forgetting him was like trying to know somebody you never met 对他的忘却，难似试图了解一个不曾相识的陌生面孔

雅思口语的应试技巧和答题思路总结

雅思口语的应试技巧和答题思路总结 雅思口语是雅思考试的重点和难点，由于是采用一对一的真人对话形式，我们在 实际的考场上不仅需要一些英语方面的技巧，也需要一些对话交流方面的技巧。 这篇文章就将雅思口语在备考时的技巧和考场上的技巧都汇总了一下。 一、技巧总结 雅思口语考试技巧一：提前准备适合自己的口语高分词汇 在备考的时候，准备一些常用的7分雅思词汇和雅思技巧，在适当的时候脱口而出，会给你的考试增光添色，同时要在考前的练习过程中，掌握好paraphrase的方法，因为在雅思考试的过程中，由于紧张或者是本身词汇的匮乏，在自己不会的单词上面 会卡壳，而雅思口语是相对比较灵活的，在这种情况下，需要我们用其他的话去替代 那个卡壳的点，这样你的雅思口语就会顺畅、自然。 雅思口语考试技巧二：灵活应对雅思口语考试中的话题 雅思考试中的话题有很多，疑难话题是大家拿到雅思口语满分的最大障碍，当你 在雅思考试的时候，遇到的题目是从来没有见过的，或者是自己比较生疏的话题，需 要你灵活转换，但是当你无法做到灵活转化的时候，那就需要说一个最容易而且最能 说出内容的话题。 雅思口语考试技巧三：充分利用考试中笔记记录 雅思口语考试中的一张纸，就是第二部分开始的时候，考官会给你一张纸和一支笔，让你在思考的时候可以做一些笔记，有些考生觉得做笔记没什么意义，因为做完 了之后，说的时候还是和笔记大相径庭，这说明考生在下面练习的时候没有很好的掌 握通过看笔记说英语的习惯，因此在考场上才会觉得笔记没太大作用。 雅思口语考试技巧四：调节心理状态，不畏惧，不胆怯 雅思考试注重的是语言的应用性，因此在考场中的状态和心态对你的考试起到了 举足轻重的作用，大部分的考生都没有参加过这样的口语考试，因此在考前对考试存 在一种惧怕感，总是担心自己见到老外之后，可能会说的都会变成不会说的，这就是 一种考试障碍，所以需要大家把自己的心态放平稳，一定要把雅思口语考试当成是一 个和考官的谈话，是和一个陌生人的谈话，仅此而已。把自己想说的，能说的，全都 表达出来。 二、两个拓展雅思口语答题思路的方法

Taylor swift歌词

style Midnight, you come and pick me up No hidden lights Long drive, but ending burn in flames or paradise Fading off you, it's been a while since I have been heard from you I should just tell you to leave cause I Know exactly where it leads but I Watch us go round and round each time You got that James Dean day dream look in your eye And I got that red lip classic thing that you like And when we go crashing down, we come back in every time. Cause we never go out of style We never go out of style You got that long hair, slicked back, white t-shirt. And I got that good girl fig and a tight little skirt, And when we go crashing down, we come back in every time. Cause we never go out of style We never go out of style. So it goes He can't keep his wild eyes on the road Takes me home Lights are off, he's taking off his coat I say I heard that you been out and about with some other girl Some other girl He says, what you've heard it's true but I Can't stop thinking about you and I I said I've been there a few times Cause You got that James Dean day dream look in your eye And I got that red lip classic thing that you like And when we go crashing down, we come back in every time. Cause we never go out of style We never go out of style You got that long hair, slicked back, white t-shirt. And I got that good girl fig and a tight little skirt, And when we go crashing down, we come back in every time. Cause we never go out of style We never go out of style. Take me home Just take me home Just take me home You got that James Dean day dream look in your eye And I got that red lip classic thing that you like And when we go crashing down, we come back in every time. Cause we never go out of style We never go out of style Better Than Revenge Now go stand in the corner and think about what you did (Ha! Time for a little revenge) The story starts when it was hot and it was summer and I had it all, I had him right there where I wanted him She came along, got him along, and let's hear the applause She took him faster than you could say sabotage I never saw it coming, wouldn't have suspected it I underestimated just who I was dealing with She had to know the pain was beating on me like a drum She underestimated just who she was stealing from

泰勒斯威夫特 Taylor Swift-love story 歌词

We were both young when I first saw you 当我第一次看见你的时候，我们都还年轻 I close my eyes and the flashback starts 我闭上眼睛，一幕幕往事又在脑海中重现 I'm standing there on a balcony in summer air 我站在阳台上，空气里，浓浓的，是夏天的味道 See the lights, see the party, the ball go wns 看见灯火，看见热闹的舞会，华丽的盛装 See you make your way through the crowd 看见你费劲地从人群中挤出来 And say hello, little did I know That you were Romeo 对我打招呼，呵，至少让我知道了你的名字叫“罗密欧”You were throwing pebbles 你（对着我家的窗户）扔小石子儿 And my daddy said stay away from Juliet 我爸爸气急败坏地叫你离我远一点 And I was crying on the staircase （可是这时）我却蜷坐在楼梯间里偷偷地抹眼泪 Begging you pleasedon'tgo 在心底里祈求你不要离开 And I said 我说 Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone 罗密欧，带我走吧，一起去到一个我们可以相依相偎的地方I'll be waiting, all there's left to do is run 我一直在等待（这一天），只有逃离才能让我们摆脱束缚You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess （到那时）我们就可以像王子和公主一样（快乐地在一起）It's a love story, baby, just say yes 这是多么美好的爱情故事呀，亲爱的，答应我吧 So I sneak out to the garden to see you 于是，我偷偷摸摸地溜到小花园去见你 We keep quiet 'cause we're dead if they knew 我们压抑着声息，被他们发现我们就完蛋了 So close your eyes, Love Story MV 那么，闭上你的双眼 escape this town for a little while 逃避这个喧嚣的尘世，即使只有如此短暂的一刻 Oh, oh, oh 'Cause you were Romeo, 正因为你的出现 I was a scarlet letter

雅思听力：例解填空题型应试技巧

雅思听力：例解填空题型应试技巧。 以剑桥六第59页的4道填句子题为例，原题如下： MARKETING ASSIGNMENT 21.For their assignment，the students must investigate one part of the _________. 22.The method the students must use to collect data is_________. 23.In total，the students must interview_______people.

24.Jack thinks the music preferences of _________listeners are similar. 当面对这样一组题目的时候，首先应该做的是读懂题，划关键词特别是空前后关键词，预测并标记。就是说在读懂句子意思的同时要划出关键词来，那么那些词是关键词呢?一般来讲包括有句子的主语谓语宾语，专有名词，术语以及年代和数字。其余的根据做题人自己的感觉也可以略有添减。但是空前后的关键词则是同学们比较容易忽略而以后必须要注意的。这个划关键词和预测，标记都是同步进行的。比如21题，主要是讲学生们必须研究什么东西的一部分，关键词可以划下the students ，investigate ，one part of the 这几个，其中one part of the 又属于空前后的词汇那么就更要划下并且关注了。这个题不好看出内容来，只能大致猜测是要填学生们要研究的主题，但是是填个名词性的东西这一点应该是明确的，那么就可以在空格里标出n 来提醒自己这个地方等下要填名词。按照这种方法，上面四个题在读完题后应该成为下面的样子 MARKETING ASSIGNMENT