文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 英文版宏观经济学期末考试卷(附答案)

英文版宏观经济学期末考试卷(附答案)

英文版宏观经济学期末考试卷(附答案)
英文版宏观经济学期末考试卷(附答案)

精品

1.In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.

a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual

and seasonally adjusted rates.

b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no

adjustment for seasonal variations are made.

c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally

adjusted.

d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been

seasonally adjusted.

2.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by

a. more than 1 percent.

b. less than 1 percent.

c. 1 percent.

d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more

information.

3.If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase by

a. more than 2 percent.

b. 2 percent.

c. less than 2 percent.

d. All of the above are correct.

4.The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to

a. constant returns.

b. increasing returns.

c. diminishing returns.

d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels

of capital.

5.Which of the following is correct?

a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.

b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their

children in school has not worked very well in practice.

c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase

economic growth.

d. All of the above are correct.

6.Use the following table to answer the following question.

精品

Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. What was the total dollar volume of

Gillette stock traded that day?

a. $912,840,000

b. $91,284,000

c. $9,128,400

d. $912,840

7.Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national saving?

a. 1500, 1000, 500

b. 1000, 500, 1500

c. 500, 1500, 1000

d. None of the above are correct.

8.Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a long period of time, we would expect that

a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than

every non-risk averse person.

b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse

person.

c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average

non-risk averse person.

d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.

9.The natural rate of unemployment is the

a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.

b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.

c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.

d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences. 10.Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves are

a. $5.

b. $50.

c. $95.

d. $950.

11.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio of

a. 5 percent

b. 9.5 percent

精品

c. 10 percent

d. None of the above is correct.

12.The inflation tax

a. transfers wealth from the government to households.

b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.

c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.

d. All of the above are correct.

13.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price level

a. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.

b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.

c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.

d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors. 14.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this sale

a. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net

exports.

b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.

c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net

exports.

d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.

15.Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?

a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollar

b. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goods

c. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goods

d. All of the above are correct.

16.Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.

In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?

a. Brazil and Mexico

精品

b. Japan, Sweden, and Thailand

c. Japan and Sweden

d. Thailand.

17.Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy

macroeconomic model to the left?

a. The exchange rate rises.

b. The exchange rate falls.

c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.

d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.

18.The real exchange rate equals the relative

a. price of domestic and foreign currency.

b. price of domestic and foreign goods.

c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.

d. None of the above is correct.

19.In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate

a. and the real exchange rate increase.

b. and the real exchange rate decrease.

c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.

d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.

20.For the following

question, use the graph below.

The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move from

a. a to

b.

b. a to

c.

c. c to b.

d. c to d.

21.When the government spends more, the initial effect is that

a. aggregate demand shifts right.

b. aggregate demand shifts left.

c. aggregate supply shifts right.

d. aggregate supply shifts left.

22.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a

精品

sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expect

a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.

b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.

c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.

d. All of the above are possibl

e.

23.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect

a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.

b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.

c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.

d. All of the above are possibl

e.

24.According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is

a. upward sloping.

b. downward sloping.

c. vertical.

d. horizontal. 25.When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system

a. increase, so the money supply increases.

b. increase, so the money supply decreases.

c. decrease, so the money supply increases.

d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.

26.According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the

a. interest rate and investment to rise.

b. interest rate and investment to fall.

c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.

d. interest rate to fall and investment to ris

e.

27.If the stock market crashes,

a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money

supply.

b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money

supply.

c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money

supply.

d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the

money supply.

宏观经济学高鸿业第五版标准答案完整版

第十二章国民收入核算 1.宏观经济学和微观经济学有什么联系和区别?为什么有些经济活动从微观看是合理的,有效的,而从宏观看却是不合理的,无效的? 解答:两者之间的区别在于: (1)研究的对象不同。微观经济学研究组成整体经济的单个经济主体的最优化行为,而宏观经济学研究一国整体经济的运行规律和宏观经济政策。 (2)解决的问题不同。微观经济学要解决资源配置问题,而宏观经济学要解决资源利用问题。 (3)中心理论不同。微观经济学的中心理论是价格理论,所有的分析都是围绕价格机制的运行展开的,而宏观经济学的中心理论是国民收入(产出)理论,所有的分析都是围绕国民收入(产出)的决定展开的。 (4)研究方法不同。微观经济学采用的是个量分析方法,而宏观经济学采用的是总量分析方法。 两者之间的联系主要表现在: (1)相互补充。经济学研究的目的是实现社会经济福利的最大化。为此,既要实现资源的最优配置,又要实现资源的充分利用。微观经济学是在假设资源得到充分利用的前提下研究资源如何实现最优配置的问题,而宏观经济学是在假设资源已经实现最优配置的前提下研究如何充分利用这些资源。它们共同构成经济学的基本框架。 (2)微观经济学和宏观经济学都以实证分析作为主要的分析和研究方法。 (3)微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础。当代宏观经济学越来越重视微观基础的研究,即将宏观经济分析建立在微观经济主体行为分析的基础上。 由于微观经济学和宏观经济学分析问题的角度不同,分析方法也不同,因此有些经济活动从微观看是合理的、有效的,而从宏观看是不合理的、无效的。例如,在经济生活中,某个厂商降低工资,从该企业的角度看,成本低了,市场竞争力强了,但是如果所有厂商都降低工资,则上面降低工资的那个厂商的竞争力就不会增强,而且职工整体工资收入降低以后,整个社会的消费以及有效需求也会降低。同样,一个人或者一个家庭实行节约,可以增加家庭财富,但是如果大家都节约,社会需求就会降低,生产和就业就会受到影响。 2.举例说明最终产品和中间产品的区别不是根据产品的物质属性而是根据产品是否进入最终使用者手中。 解答:在国民收入核算中,一件产品究竟是中间产品还是最终产品,不能根据产品的物质属性来加以区别,而只能根据产品是否进入最终使用者手中这一点来加以区别。例如,我们不能根据产品的物质属性来判断面粉和面包究竟是最终产品还是中间产品。看起来,面粉一定是中间产品,面包一定是最终产品。其实不然。如果面粉为面包厂所购买,则面粉是中间产品,如果面粉为家庭主妇所购买,则是最终产品。同样,如果面包由面包商店卖给消费者,则此面包是最终产品,但如果面包由生产厂出售给面包商店,则它还属于中间产品。 3.举例说明经济中流量和存量的联系和区别,财富和收入是流量还是存量? 解答:存量指某一时点上存在的某种经济变量的数值,其大小没有时间维度,而流量是指一定时期内发生的某种经济变量的数值,其大小有时间维度;但是二者也有联系,流量来自存量,又归于存量,存量由流量累积而成。拿财富与收入来说,财富是存量,收入是流量。 4.为什么人们从公司债券中得到的利息应计入GDP,而从政府公债中得到的利息不计入GDP? 解答:购买公司债券实际上是借钱给公司用,公司将从人们手中借到的钱用作生产经营,比方说购买机器设备,这样这笔钱就提供了生产性服务,可被认为创造了价值,因而公司债券的利息可看作是资本这一要素提供生产性服务的报酬或收入,因此要计入GDP。可是政府的公债利息被看作是转移支付,因为政府借的债不一定用于生产经营,而往往是用于弥补财政赤字。政府公债利息常常被看作是用从纳税人身上取得的收入来加以支付的,因而习惯上被看作是转移支付。 5.为什么人们购买债券和股票从个人来说可算是投资,但在经济学上不算是投资? 解答:经济学上所讲的投资是增加或替换资本资产的支出,即建造新厂房、购买新机器设备等行为,而人们购买债券和股票只是一种证券交易活动,并不是实际的生产经营活动。人们购买债券或股票,是一种产权转移活动,因而不属于经济学意义的投资活动,也不能计入GDP。公司从人们手里取得了出售债券或股票的货币资金再去购买厂房或机器设备,才算投资活动。 6.为什么政府给公务员发工资要计入GDP,而给灾区或困难人群发的救济金不计入GDP? 解答:政府给公务员发工资要计入GDP是因为公务员提供了为社会工作的服务,政府给他们的工资就是购买他们的服务,因此属于政府购买,而政府给灾区或困难人群发的救济金不计入GDP,并不是因为灾区或困难人群提供了服务,创造了收入,相反,是因为他们发生了经济困难,丧失了生活来源才给予其救济的,因此这部分救济金属于政府转移支付。政府转移支付只是简单地通过税收(包括社会保险税)把收入从一个人或一个组织手中转移到另一个人或另一个组织手中,并没有相应的货物或劳务的交换发生。所以政府转移支付和政府购买虽都属政府支出,但前者不计入GDP而后者计入GDP。 7.为什么企业向政府缴纳的间接税(如营业税)也计入GDP? 解答:间接税虽由出售产品的厂商缴纳,但它是加到产品价格上作为产品价格的构成部分由购买者负担的。间接税虽然不形成要素所有者收入,而是政府的收入,但毕竟是购买商品的家庭或厂商的支出,因此,为了使支出法计得的GDP和收入法计得的GDP相一致,必须把间接税加到收入方面计入GDP。举例说,某人购买一件上衣支出100美元,这100美元以支出形式计入GDP。实际上,若这件上衣价格中含有5美元的营业税和3美元的折旧,则作为要素收入的只有92美元。因而,从收入法计算GDP时,应把这5美元和3美元一起加到92美元中作为收入计入GDP。 8.下列项目是否计入GDP,为什么? (1)政府转移支付;(2)购买一辆用过的卡车; (3)购买普通股票;(4)购买一块地产。 解答:(1)政府转移支付不计入GDP,因为政府转移支付只是简单地通过税收(包括社会保险税)把收入从一个人或一个组织手中转移到另一个人或另一个组织手中,并没有相应的货物或劳务的交换发生。例如,政府给残疾人发放救济金,并不是因为残疾人创造了收入;相反,是因为他丧失了创造收入的能力从而失去了生活来源才给予其救济的。 (2)购买用过的卡车不计入GDP,因为卡车生产时已经计入GDP了,当然买卖这辆卡车的交易手续费是计入GDP的。

南京财经大学宏观经济学期末考试题库

宏观经济学期末考试题库 一、填空题:在题目中的空格上填入正确答案(每一空格1分,共12分) 1.宏观经济学的中心理论是国民收入决定理论。 1.宏观经济学要解决的解决问题是资源利用问题。 2.国内生产总值(GDP)是指一个国家领土内在一定时期内所生产的全部最终产品和劳务的市场价值。 2.国民生产总值(GNP)是指一国在某一给定时期内所生产全部最终产品和劳务的市场价值。。 3边际消费倾向是指消费增量和收入增量之比,它表示每增加一个单位的收入时消费的变动情况。 3.乘数是指自发总需求的增加所引起的国民收入增加的倍数,在二部门模型中乘数的大小取决于边际消费倾向。 4.货币的交易需求和预防需求与国民收入成同方向变动。 4货币的投机需求与利率成反方向变动。 5.IS曲线是描述产品市场上实现均衡时,利率与国民收入之间关系的曲线。 5.LM曲线是描述货币市场上实现均衡时,利率与国民收入之间关系的曲线。 6.总需求曲线是描述产品市场和货币市场同时达到均衡时,价格水平与国民收入间依存关系的曲线。它是一条向右下倾斜的曲线。 6.总需求曲线是描述产品市场和货币市场同时达到均衡时,价格水平与国民收入之间依存关系的曲线。它是一条向右下倾斜的曲线。 7.当就业人数为1600万,失业人数为100万时,失业率为5.9%。 7.若价格水平1970年为80,1980年为100,则70年代的通货膨胀率为25%。 8.经济周期的中心是国民收入的波动。 8.经济周期是指资本主义市场经济生产和再生产过程中出现的周期性出现的经济扩张与经济衰退交替更迭循环往复的一种现象。 9.针对单纯经济增长造成的问题,罗马俱乐部的第一个报告麦都斯的《增长的极限》提

宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)教学提纲

一、选择题 (每小题 1 分,共 30 分) 1.The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increased a. by 6.4 percent for the year. b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter. c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter. d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter. 2.A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflator a. and the CPI both increase. b. is unchanged and the CPI increases. c. increases and the CPI is unchange d. d. and the CPI are unchanged. 3.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent. d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information. 4.A nation's standard of living is measured by its a. real GDP. b. real GDP per person. c. nominal GDP. d. nominal GDP per person. 5.In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S. steel industry. a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth. b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects on growth. c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth. d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects on growth. 6.Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about the a. real interest rate. b. current nominal interest rate. c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate. d. equilibrium nominal interest rat e. 7.An increase in the budget deficit a. makes investment spending fall. b. makes investment spending rise. c. does not affect investment spending. d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending. 8.Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant? a. 3 percent b. 3.5 percent c. 4 percent d. 4.5 percent 9.Recent entrants into the labor force account for about a. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with people leaving the labor force. b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with people leaving the labor force. c. 1/4 of those who are unemploye d. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with people leaving the labor force. d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with people

曼昆宏观经济学-课后答案-中文版

第一章宏观经济学的课后答案 复习题 1、由于整个经济的事件产生于许多家庭与许多企业的相互作用,所以微观经济学和宏观经济学必然是相互关联的。当我们研究整个经济时,我们必须考虑个别经济行为者的决策。由于总量只是描述许多个别决策的变量的总和,所以宏观经济理论必然依靠微观经济基础。 2、经济学家是用模型来解释世界,但一个经济学家的模型往往是由符号和方程式构成。经济学家建立模型有助于解释GDP、通货膨胀和失业这类经济变量。这些模型之所以有用是因为它们有助于我们略去无关的细节而更加明确地集中于重要的联系上。模型有两种变量:内生变量和外生变量,一个模型的目的是说明外生变量如何影响内生变量。 3、经济学家通常假设,一种物品或劳务的价格迅速变动使得供给量与需求量平衡,即市场走向供求均衡。这种假设称为市场出清。在回答大多数问题时,经济学家用市场出清模型。 持续市场出清的假设并不完全现实。市场要持续出清,价格就必须对供求变动作出迅速调整。但是,实际上许多工资和价格调整缓慢。虽然市场出清模型假设所有工资和价格都是有伸缩性的,但在现实世界中一些工资和价格是粘性的。明显的价格粘性并不一定使市场出清模型无用。首先偷格并不总是呆滞的,最终价格要根据供求的变动而调整。市场出清模型并不能描述每一种情况下的经济,但描述了经济缓慢地趋近了均衡。价格的伸缩性对研究我们在几十年中所观察到的实际GDP增长这类长期问题是一个好的假设。 第二章宏观经济学数据 复习题 1、GDP既衡量经济中所有人的收入,又衡量对经济物品与劳务的总支出。 GDP能同时衡量这两件事,是因为这两个量实际上是相同的:对整个经济来说,收入必定等于支出。这个事实又来自于一个更有基本的事实:由于每一次交易都有一个买者和一个卖者,所以,一个买者支出的每一美元必然成为一个卖者的一美元收入。 2、CPI衡量经济中物价总水平。它表示相对于某个基年一篮子物品与劳务价格的同样一篮子物品与劳务的现期价格。 3、劳工统计局把经济中每个人分为三种类型:就业、失业以及不属于劳动力。一 失业率是失业者在劳动力中所占的百分比,其中劳动力为就业者和失业者之和。一 -I、奥肯定理是指失业与实际GDP之间的这种负相关关系。就业工人有助于生产物品与劳务,而失业工人并非如此。失业率提高必定与实际GDP的减少相关。舆肯定理可以概括为等式:实际GDP变动百分比-3%-2×失业率的变动,印如果失业率保持不变,实际GDP增长3% 左右。这种正常的增长率是由于人口增长、资本积累和技术进步引起的。失业率每上升一个百分比,实际GDP一般减少2个百分比。一 问题和应用一 1、大量经济统计数字定期公布,包括GDP、失业率、公司收益、消费者物价指数及贸易结余。GDP是一年内所有最终产品与劳务的市场价值。失业率是要工作的人中没有工作的人的比例。公司利润是所有制造企业税后会计利润,它暗示公司一般的财务健康情况。消费者物价指数是衡量消费者购买的物品的平均价格,它是通货膨胀的衡量指标。贸易结余是出口物品与进口物品之间的价差。一 2、每个人的增值是生产的物品的价值减去生产该物品所需的原材料的价值。因此,农夫增值是1美元,面粉厂的增值是2美元,面包店的增值是3美元。GDP就是总的增值,即为6 美元,它正好等于最终物品的价值。一 3、妇女与她的男管家结婚,GDP减少量等于男管家的工资。这是由于GDP是衡量经济中所有人

宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)

一、[请单击此处编辑题目] (每小题分,共 分) 一、选择题(本题包含30小题,每题?分,共?分) 1.Real GDP a. evaluates current production at current prices. b. evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year in the past. c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from year to year. d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services. 2.The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order: a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket's cost, and compute the index. b. choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, and compute the index. c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year and compute the index. d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year and compute the index. 3.Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buy a. more milk and more T-shirts. b. more milk and fewer T-shirts. c. less milk and more T-shirts. d. less milk and fewer T-shirts. 4.Which of the following is correct? a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones that had the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago. b. Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth rates during the past 100 years. c. The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time. d. Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDP per person. 5.Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measures a. natural resources per worker. b. human capital per worker. c. output per worker. d. physical capital per worker. 6.Index funds a. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds. b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds. c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry. d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds. 7.In a closed economy, national saving equals a. investment. b. income minus the sum of consumption and government expenditures. c. private saving plus public saving. d. All of the above are correct. 8.At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today? a. 4 percent b. 5 percent c. 6 percent d. None of the above are correct to the nearest penny. 9.Which of the following is incorrect? a. Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy. b. Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes lead to higher productivity and higher living standards. c. At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year. d. In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs. 10.Use the balance sheet for the following question.

宏观经济学第六版课后习题答案

第十二章国民收入核算 1. 宏观经济学和微观经济学有什么联系和区别为什么有些经济活动从微观看是合理的,有效的,而从宏观看却是不合理的,无效的 解答:两者之间的区别在于: (1) 研究的对象不同。微观经济学研究组成整体经济的单个经济主体的最优化行为,而宏观经济学研究一国整体经济的运行规律和宏观经济政策。 (2) 解决的问题不同。微观经济学要解决资源配置问题,而宏观经济学要解决资源利用问题。 (3) 中心理论不同。微观经济学的中心理论是价格理论,所有的分析都是围绕价格机制的运行展开的,而宏观经济学的中心理论是国民收入(产出) 理论,所有的分析都是围绕国民收入(产出)的决定展开的。 (4) 研究方法不同。微观经济学采用的是个量分析方法,而宏观经济学采用的是总量分析方法。 两者之间的联系主要表现在: (1) 相互补充。经济学研究的目的是实现社会经济福利的最大化。为此,既要实现资源的最优配置,又要实现资源的充分利用。微观经济学是在假设资源得到充分利用的前提下研究资源如何实现最优配置的问题,而宏观经济学是在假设资源已经实现最优配置的前提下研究如何充分利用这些资源。它们共同构成经济学的基本框架。 (2) 微观经济学和宏观经济学都以实证分析作为主要的分析和研究方法。 (3) 微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础。当代宏观经济学越来越重视微观基础的研究,即将宏观经济分析建立在微观经济主体行为分析的基础上。 由于微观经济学和宏观经济学分析问题的角度不同,分析方法也不同,因此有些经济活动从微观看是合理的、有效的,而从宏观看是不合理的、无效的。例如,在经济生活中,某个厂商降低工资,从该企业的角度看,成本低了,市场竞争力强了,但是如果所有厂商都降低工资,则上面降低工资的那个厂商的竞争力就不会增强,而且职工整体工资收入降低以后,整个社会的消费以及有效需求也会降低。同样,一个人或者一个家庭实行节约,可以增加家庭财富,但是如果大家都节约,社会需求就会降低,生产和就业就会受到影响。 2. 举例说明最终产品和中间产品的区别不是根据产品的物质属性而是根据产品是否进入最终使用者手中。 解答:在国民收入核算中,一件产品究竟是中间产品还是最终产品,不能根据产品的物质属性来加以区别,而只能根据产品是否进入最终使用者手中这一点来加以区别。例如,我们不能根据产品的物质属性来判断面粉和面包究竟是最终产品还是中间产品。看起来,面粉一定是中间产品,面包一定是最终产品。其实不然。如果面粉为面包厂所购买,则面粉是中间产品,如果面粉为家庭主妇所购买,则是最终产品。同样,如果面包由面包商店卖给消费者,则此面包是最终产品,但如果面包由生产厂出售给面包商店,则它还属于中间产品。 3. 举例说明经济中流量和存量的联系和区别,财富和收入是流量还是存量 解答:存量指某一时点上存在的某种经济变量的数值,其大小没有时间维度,而流量是 指一定时期内发生的某种经济变量的数值,其大小有时间维度;但是二者也有联系,流量来自存量,又归于存量,存量由流量累积而成。拿财富与收入来说,财富是存量,收入是流量。 4. 为什么人们从公司债券中得到的利息应计入 GDP而从政府公债中得到的利息不计入 GDP 解答:购买公司债券实际上是借钱给公司用,公司将从人们手中借到的钱用作生产经营,比方说购买机器设备,这样这笔钱就提供了生产性服务,可被认为创造了价值,因而公司债券的利息可看作是资本这一要素提供生产性服务的报酬或收入,因此要计入GDP可是政府 的公债利息被看作是转移支付,因为政府借的债不一定用于生产经营,而往往是用于弥补财政赤字。政府公债利息常常被看作是用从纳税人身上取得的收入来加以支付的,因而习惯上 被看作是转移支付。

格里高利.曼昆宏观经济学期末试卷

《宏观经济学》模拟试题及参考答案 第Ⅰ部分模拟试题 一、填空题(每空1分,共10分) 1、平均消费倾向表示消费支出与可支配收入之比。 2、在二部门经济中,均衡的国民收入是总支出和国民收入相等时的国民收入。 3、宏观财政政策包括财政收入政策和财政支出政策。 4、交易余额和预防余额主要取决于国民收入,投机余额主要取决于利息率。 5、宏观货币政策的主要内容有调整法定准备金率、公开市场操作、调整贴现率。 二、判断题(下列各题,如果您认为正确,请在题后的括号中打上“√”号,否则请打上“×”号,每题1分,共10分) 1、财政政策的内在稳定器有助于缓和经济的波动。(对) 2、从短期来说,当居民的可支配收入为0时,消费支出也为0。(×)。 3、消费曲线的斜率等于边际消费倾向。(√) 4、当某种商品的价格上涨时,我们就可以说,发生了通货膨胀。(×), 5、投机动机的货币需求是国民收入的递增函数。(×) 6、当投资增加时,IS曲线向右移动。(对) 7、在IS曲线的右侧,I

将其代号填入括号中,每题2分,共20分) 1、消费曲线位于45o线的上方表明,储蓄是( c )。 A、正数 B、0 C、负数 2、在边际储蓄倾向等于20%时,边际消费倾向等于( b )。 A、20% B、80% C、30% 3、当总需求增加时,国民收入将(c )。 A、减少 B、不变 C、增加 4、假定边际储蓄倾向等于20%,则增加100万美元的投资,可使国民收入增加(b )。 A、200万美元 B、500万美元 C、800万美元 5、哪一对变量对国民收入具有同样大的乘数作用(b )。 A、政府支出和政府减税 B、消费支出和投资支出 C、政府减税和政府支出 6、假定边际消费倾向等于60%,政府同时增加20万美元的支出和税收,将使国民收入( a )。 A、增加20万美元 B、保持不变 C、增加12万美元 7、要消除通货膨胀缺口,政府应当(c)。 A、增加公共工程支出 B、增加福利支出 C、增加税收 8、技术的进步造成部分人不适应新的工作要求,由此产生的失业是(b )。 A、自愿失业 B、结构性失业 C、需求不足的失业 9、如果通货膨胀没有被预料到,则通货膨胀的受益者是(a ) A、股东 B、债权人 C、退求金领取者 10、下面哪一种说法表达了加速原理(c ) A、消费支出随着投资支出增长率的变化而变化; B、国民收入随着投资支出的变化而变化; C、投资支出随着国民收入增量的变化而变化 四、简答题(每题5分,共25分)

宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)汇编

一、选择题(每小题 1 分,共 30 分) 1.In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter. a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates. b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made. c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjuste d. d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted. 2.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent. d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information. 3.If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent. d. All of the above are correct. 4.The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns. d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital. 5.Which of the following is correct? a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth. b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice. c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth. d. All of the above are correct. 6.Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. What was the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day? a. $912,840,000 b. $91,284,000 c. $9,128,400 d. $912,840 7.Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national saving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000 d. None of the above are correct. 8.Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a long period of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person. c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person. d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person. 9.The natural rate of unemployment is the

最新宏观经济学答案版

宏观经济学答案版

想当初管理学死掉后对《市场营销》的担忧,班上又一个人都不认识,那种无助。这些题目,本来只是想浏览哈,看看不懂的就了事。打开电脑后想起下载那天有童鞋说要答案,又正好能力范围之内。本着助人为乐的精神,填了一下,仅供参考,希望能帮到有需要的童鞋。另外,不接受批评与抱怨哈! 1.菲利普斯曲线描述------之间的关系。1 (1)失业与通货膨胀 (2)失业与产量 (3)总需求与总供给 (4)通货膨胀与产量 (5)就业与通货膨胀 (6) 2.随着人均资本增加,如果人均资本的增加并未导致人均产量的较小增加, 则--------抵消了-------的影响。2 (1)收益递减规律,劳动力增长 (2)收益递减规律,技术进步 (3)劳动力增长,较低投资 (4)技术进步,收益递减规律 (5)技术进步,劳动力增长 3.如果经济低于充分就业水平,---------能使经济更接近于充分就业。4 (1)政府支出或税收的削减。 (2)政府支出的削减或税收的增加。 (3)政府支出和税收的等量削减。 (4)政府支出的增加或税收的削减。 (5)政府支出或税收的增加。 4.依据凯恩斯货币理论,货币供应增加将:2 (1)降低利率,从而减少投资和总需求。 (2)降低利率,从而增加投资和总需求。 (3)提高利率,从而增加投资和总需求。 (4)提高利率,从而减少投资和总需求。 (5)提高利率,从而减少投资和增加总需求。 5.以下哪种情况会引起沿着货币需求曲线向下的移动?1 (1)利率上升。 (2)国民收入的增加。 (3)货币供应的减少。 (4)国民收入的减少。 (5)利率下降。 6.为了减少货币供给,中央银行会使用-------的方法。5 (1)降低商业银行向中央银行借款所要支付的利率。

宏观经济学期末考试试题

一、单项选择题。(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分) 1、一国某年的名义GDP为1500亿美元,当年的实际GDP为1200元,则GDP平减指数等于() A、125﹪ B、150 ﹪C、100﹪D、180﹪ 2、假如某国目前的均衡国民收入为5500亿元,若政府要把国民收入提高到6000亿元,在边际消费倾向等于90﹪的条件下,应增加投资() A、50亿元 B、500亿元 C、450亿元 D、540亿元 3、IS曲线上的每一点都表示使() A、投资等于储蓄的收入和利率的组合 B、投资等于储蓄的均衡的货币量 C、货币需求等于货币供给均衡的货币量 D、产品市场和货币市场同时均衡的收入 4、引起IS曲线右移的原因有() A、政府消减国防开支 B、对未来利润预期变得悲观 C、实际货币需求大于供给 D、其他国家实际国民生产总值增加 5、在IS不变的情况下,货币减少会引起() A、y增加,r上升 B、y增加,r下降 C、y减少,r上升 D、y减少,r下降 6、若支出乘数为2,自发投资支出增加10亿美元,会使IS曲线()亿美元 A、左移10 B、右移10 C、左移20 D、右移20 7、()将导致LM曲线向右移 A、交易货币需求减少 B、投机货币需求增加 C、货币供给增加 D、货币供给减少 8、税收增加将使(),利率(),收入() A、IS曲线右移提高提高 B、IS曲线左移降低降低 C、IS曲线右移降低提高 D、LM曲线右移降低提高 9、在凯恩斯区域内() A、货币政策有效 B、财政政策有效 C、财政政策无效 D、货币政策和财政政策同样有效 10、反周期波动的财政政策为经济()时应()政府开支,()税收 A、衰退增加消减 B、高涨增加消减 C、高涨增加提高 D、衰退减少消减 11、中央银行向公众大量购买政府债券的意图是() A、增加商业银行在中央银行的存款

宏观经济学【高鸿业第五版全】

宏观经济学复习重点 一、名词解释。 1.国内生产总值(GDP ):是在一个国家领土范围内,一定时期内所生产的全部最终产品和劳务的市场价值的总和。P428 2.均衡产出:和总需求相等的产出称为均衡产出或收入。P446 3.乘数:国民收入变动量与引起这种变动量的最初注入量的比例。P462 4.投资乘数:指收入的变化与带来这种变化的投资支出的变化的比率。P463 5.产品市场均衡:是指产品市场上供给与总需求相等。P486 6.IS 曲线:一条反映利率和收入间相互关系的曲线。这条曲线上任何一点都代表一定的利率和收入的组合,在这样的组合下,投资和储蓄都是相等的,即i=s ,从而产品市场是均衡的,因此这条曲线称为IS 曲线。P487 7. 凯恩斯流动性偏好陷阱:凯恩斯认为当利率极低时,人们为了防范证券市场中的风险,将所有的有价证券全部换成货币,同时不论获得多少货币收入,都愿意持有在手中,这就是流动性陷阱。P495 8.LM 曲线:满足货币市场的均衡条件下的收入y 与利率r 的关系的曲线称为LM 曲线。P500 9.财政政策:是指政府变动税收和支出以便影响总需求进而影响就业和国民收入的政策。P517 10.货币政策:是指政府货币当局即中央银行通过银行体系变动货币供给量来调节总需求的政策。P518 11. 挤出效应:指政府支出增加(如某一数量的公共支出)而对私人消费和投资的抵减。P523 12. 自动稳定器:也称内在稳定器,是指经济系统本身存在的一种会减少各种干扰对国民收入冲击的机制,能够在经济繁荣时自动抑制通胀,在经济衰退时自动减轻萧条,无须政府采取任何行动。P546 13.经济滞胀:又称萧条膨胀或膨胀衰退,即大量失业和严重通货膨胀同时存在的情况。P572—576 14.通货膨胀:指一般物价水平在比较长的时间内以较高幅度持续上涨的一种经济现象。P612—616 15.菲利普斯曲线:反映通货膨胀率与失业率之间关系的曲线。短期曲线表现为一条向右下方倾斜的曲线,表示在短期里通货膨胀率与失业率存在一种替代关系。长期曲线表现为一条垂直的曲线,表示在长期里失业率与通货膨胀率之间,是一种独立的关系。P625—632 16.自发消费:与收入变动无关的消费。即使收入为0,也需要的消费。 17.经济增长:经济增长:指一国一定时期内生产的产品和提供的劳务总量的扩大。表现为GDP 或者人均GDP 的增长。 18.中间产品:指购买后不是用于最终消费,而是用于转卖或进一步加工的商品和劳务。 19.资本深化:人均储蓄超过资本广化或人均储蓄在与补充原有资本折旧和配备新工人后)而导致人均资本上升的情况。 1.消费的决定:家庭的消费支出主要由什么因素决定? 答:主要由家庭的当年收入决定。某个家庭当年收入越高,其消费支出就会越大。这主要从消费函数c=a+by 中可以看出。 其他影响因素还有:1、家庭财富拥有量,财富越多则当年的消费就越高。2、家庭成员一生中的总收入,一生中的总收入越大则任何一年的消费量都会增大。3、周围人群的消费水平,周围人群消费水平越高,则本家庭受影响越大,看齐的心理使得本家庭的当年消费越大。 2.平衡预算乘数在哪些情况下等于1? 答:平衡预算指政府预算收入等于预算支出。在国民收入决定理论中,平衡预算指政府支出G 来自于等量的税收T (即G=T )。政府支出G 和税收T 对国民收入的影响作用可以通过乘数来反映。 在四部门经济中, 要使平衡预算乘数=1,应当是0,0==γP t ,即是在只有消费者、企业和政府的三部门经济中没有内生变量的税收。或者在消费者、企业、政府和国际市场构成的四部门经济中,没有内生变量的税收和进口。 3.经济学家认为轻微的通货膨胀对经济扩张有利,试说明理由? 答:坚持这种观点的经济学家认为,由于在经济活动过程中,为节约交易成本,劳资双方喜欢签订长期劳动合同关系,原材料供求中喜欢签订长期购销合同,由于这种长期劳动合同和原材料供求合同存在,使厂商工资成本和原材料成本相对稳定,而通胀又使产品价格上升,从而使使厂商的实际利润增加,刺激厂商增加投资,扩大生产,全社会产量和就业都增加。 4、试说明图中A 、B 两点的经济涵义。 r%

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档