人工智能翻译

In March 2016, Google's AlphaGo compete with the world Go couleechampion Lishishi , Triggering a global discussion of artificial intelligence.To explore artificial intelligence, we must answer what is theintelligence, Comprehensive all kinds of definitions,Intelligence is a synthesis of knowledge and thinking. Is a comprehensive ability to analyze problems and solve problems in the process of human understanding of the world and the transformation of the world. Winston, professor at the Massachusetts institute of technology,say that “Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make the computer to do the intelligent work which only people can do in the past”.

Governments attach great importance to the development of the related industries of artificial intelligence. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, all countries have increased their investment in artificial intelligence research.The U.S. government through investment to guide the development of artificial intelligence industry.In 2013 the U.S. government put the national budget of 2 billion 200 million dollar into the manufacturing industry, one of the direction is the “national robotics program”.

In technology, the United States specialize in military robot technology, European specialize in service and medical technology, Japan specialize in humanoid robot and entertainment robots.

At the present stage, the key point of technological breakthroughs is cloud robot technology, and the other one is the human brain bionic technology. The United States, Japan, Brazil and other countries will continued to devote the Cloud robot as the future research direction of robot technology.

Accompanied by the development of network technology.And the development ofCloud computing ,big data and other technologies,the cost of the robot technology continues to diminish and realize the robot output,It is possible for a robot to acquire data from the network or process it .At present, the research of foreign countries including: Establishment open robot system construction,Including general hardware and software platform.Robot system platform of network,Algorithm of robot network platform,the development of image process system and related network infrastructure of Cloud robot.

High-tech companies considered artificial intelligence as the technique of next industrial revolution and Net-revolution and invested . Accelerating industrialization process .

Google acquired eight companies related to robot in 2013,scouted for companies and talents in machine learning .acquired Deepmine and Andrew zisserman which was the best company in

computer vision and employed Regina Dugan the former executive of DARPA to responsible to research innovation items. At the same time,Jeff Dean ,the famous computer scientist of constructed Google base algorithm was arranged to the deep learning territory.Apple’s appropriation budget in automation reach up to eleven billion dollars in 2014 .smart assistant siri of iphone was born from the Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Org anizes’s item which was the first America large scale industrialization application artificial intelligence item invested 150 million dollars by DARPA and cost 5 years . Amazon planned to use its robot aircraft for express service . Companies in Korea and Japan were also transplant robot techniques to manufacturing industry new field and tried to enter service industry.

Practical application of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence products still play the role as a tool of assisting human’s work in resent,present foe the upgrade of traditional equipment. For example , driverless car ,cleaning robot and medical robot ect.Automobile , dust collector and some others products had have mature physical interaction mode with human . Artificial intelligence technique give them machine intelligence to promote themselves operational capability . However, in the future there will be intelligence robot with mimetic human thought patterns execute various task in all kinds of environments , this kind of products without mature man-machine interface use for reference . It need to research and develop in machinery ,command , interaction and various aspects.

关于现代工业机械手外文文献翻译@中英文翻译@外文翻译

附录 About Modenr Industrial Manipulayor Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. Modern industrial robots are true marvels of engineering. A robot the size of a person can easily carry a load over one hundred pounds and move it very quickly with a repeatability of 0.006inches. Furthermore these robots can do that 24hours a day for years on end with no failures whatsoever. Though they are reprogrammable, in many applications they are programmed once and then repeat that exact same task for years. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With he rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly; with the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized

人工智能与机器翻译习题答案.doc

2、产生式系统有哪些类型？ 1正向、逆向、双向产生式系统 2可交换的产生式系统 3可分解的产生式系统 3、试举例说明不可撤|口|搜索方法的基本思想？ 这种方法相当于沿着单独一条路搜索下去，利用问题给出的局部知识决定如何选取规则, 就是说根据当前可靠的局部知识选一条可应用规则并作用于当前综合数据库。接着再根据新状态继续选取规则，搜索过程一直进行，不必考虑撤回用过的规则。 9、试说明产生式系统规则不一致的原因及解决方法。 原因：规则集中存在的不一致是影响系统性能的重要因素之一。系统建立初期，由于规则集较小，内容也比较简单，设计人员能对每一条规则的条件和结论部分反复推敲和精心构造，这类问题容易防止。但随着时间的推移，新的规则不断加入，规则集合越来越大，内容也越来越丰富，这时规则间的相互影响和相互联系就随之变得复杂。在此情况下，规则的不一致就将自然产生， 解决：(1) 对于循环规则，可构造规则集的IF-THEN图，从起始规则的条件部分开始搜索，如果搜索过程中遇到的THEN部分已在前面出现，就可以中断搜索，规则集中包含的循环规则子集合需设计人员检查，解决； (2)对于冲突规则，构造IF-IF表，对规则集内有相同的IF规则子句构造规则树，形成推理图。同时建立THEN-THEN表用以判断是否有冲突规则出现。对相同IF部分的规则继续用它的各自THEN部分作为其它可以匹配的IF前提条件，递归地构造，如发现两个推理图上分别有节点在THEN-THEN表上是矛盾的，则检测出冲突规则，人工予以解决。 (3)对冗余规则和从属规则的检查类似于冲突规则链的方法.不同之处是前者在推理图中的遍历是试图发现有THEN部分等价的两条规则。 1、机器翻译主要有娜些方法？这些方法各有什么特点？ 1基于分析和转换的机器翻译方法 这样的方法有两个特点：一是面向源语言分析，因为源语言中的一个句子已经由句法、语义分析等阶段分析完毕，生成了关于源语言句子的某种中间表示，转换以这种源语言中间表示作为输入；二是直接转换，即对于S表示，直接给出译文形式，一般不需要在目标语言内再作进一步转换，Tl~Tj可以直接包括目标语言的词汇，也可以是对应于Sl~Si的译文组块。 2基于中间语言的翻译方法 基于中间语言的机器翻译方法主要有两个优点。首先，独立的中间表示形式为多语种之间的互译的实现提供了一种经济有效的途径。假设要对N种语言进行互译，则有N*(N.1)个语言对。不同方向的翻译是不同的语言对。此时如果采用基于转换的方法，因为把一种语言翻译成另一种语言都需要一个不同的转换机制(或模块)，所以N火(N?l)个语言对共需要N*(N-1)个独立的转换机制。而采用中间语言的方法，由于对每一种语言只需实现将该种语言翻译成中间语言和把中间语言翻译成该种语言的目标语言这样两个模块，所以总共只需要2N个模块。其次，中间语言不仅是对基于中间语言的机器翻译方法这一特定目的有意义, 同时，作为一种通用的自然语言表示，也值得深入研究。 4.1.3基于统计的机器翻译方法 基于统计的机器翻译方法，一般不要任何语言学知识，它的基木原理是实现源语言词汇到目标语言浏汇的映射。其思路受到语音识别研究的启发，因而应用了类似的方法来实现。研究者用

机器在线翻译与人工翻译的比较

现如今大家各个国家的人群交流的越来越多，以至于语言自然而然的要学习的更多，如果机器翻译也就是“一点翻译”与人工翻译摆在一起，大家都知道选择人工翻译，因为人工翻译准确性高并且是根据文章上下文进行翻译的，那机翻真的没有优点了么，错，机翻的优点有很多，比如单词准确性高，面对偏僻的词汇也是可以翻译的，翻译语句的时候虽然不是很精准，但是对于了解语言的我们来说也可以根据翻译进行大致的了解，话不多说，简单的来介绍一下如何在线翻译吧。 步骤一：我们要先在电脑上准备好需要进行翻译的文件，最好是将其添加至桌面上，或路径不复杂的文件框内，同时还需要借助电脑浏览器搜索一点翻译，进入相关的界面。 步骤二：通过搜索可以看到“一点翻译“在百度里面的页面，进入在线翻译的界面后，我们就可以在页面的中心位置通过上传文档按钮进入文档翻译的选项页面了。

步骤三：进入文档翻译的选项页面后，我们可以先对上传文档按钮上方的一些选项进行修改（也就是下图里面的选项）这样可以帮助我们更好的实现翻译。 步骤四：上面的选项修改好后，我们就可以开始将准备好的文件添加进来了，可通过点击上传文档按钮或者是拖拽的方式将文件添加进来。

步骤五：文件添加进来后，可再次去翻译的自定义选项是否修改好，若确定修改好后，就可以通过开始翻译按钮，对PDF文件进行翻译了。 步骤六：翻译的时间根据翻译的文件的大小来定制，耐心等待文件翻译结束后，我们可以通过预览按钮对翻译后的文件进行预览，也可以直接将翻译后的文件下载到电脑上进行保存。

在线翻译与人工翻译最大的优点是速度快，方便，准确性高，如果不是相对了解很透的语句的话建议在“一点翻译”内进行在线翻译，小编已经尝试过了，感觉蛮好的哦。

人工智能专业外文翻译-机器人

译文资料： 机器人 首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。另一方面它也是生产力发展的需求的必然结果，也是人类自身发展的必然结果，那么随着人类的发展，人们在不断探讨自然过程中，在认识和改造自然过程中，需要能够解放人的一种奴隶。那么这种奴隶就是代替人们去能够从事复杂和繁重的体力劳动，实现人们对不可达世界的认识和改造，这也是人们在科技发展过程中的一个客观需要。 机器人有三个发展阶段，那么也就是说，我们习惯于把机器人分成三类，一种是第一代机器人，那么也叫示教再现型机器人，它是通过一个计算机，来控制一个多自由度的一个机械，通过示教存储程序和信息，工作时把信息读取出来，然后发出指令，这样的话机器人可以重复的根据人当时示教的结果，再现出这种动作，比方说汽车的点焊机器人，它只要把这个点焊的过程示教完以后，它总是重复这样一种工作，它对于外界的环境没有感知，这个力操作力的大小，这个工件存在不存在，焊的好与坏，它并不知道，那么实际上这种从第一代机器人，也就存在它这种缺陷，因此，在20世纪70年代后期，人们开始研究第二代机器人，叫带感觉的机器人，这种带感觉的机器人是类似人在某种功能的感觉，比如说力觉、触觉、滑觉、视觉、听觉和人进行相类比，有了各种各样的感觉，比方说在机器人抓一个物体的时候，它实际上力的大小能感觉出来，它能够通过视觉，能够去感受和识别它的形状、大小、颜色。抓一个鸡蛋，它能通过一个触觉，知道它的力的大小和滑动的情况。第三代机器人，也是我们机器人学中一个理想的所追求的最高级的阶段，叫智能机器人，那么只要告诉它做什么，不用告诉它怎么去做，它就能完成运动，感知思维和人机通讯的这种功能和机能，那么这个目前的发展还是相对的只是在局部有这种智能的概念和含义，但真正完整意义的这种智能机器人实际上并没有存在，而只是随着我们不断的科学技术的发展，智能的概念越来越丰富，它内涵越来越宽。 下面我简单介绍一下我国机器人发展的基本概况。由于我们国家存在很多其

人工智能与机器翻译期末复习题

一、名词解释（5X3‘）15’ 1.兼类（P121）：一个单词既可以作名词动词又可以作其他词类 2.机器翻译：用计算机软件代替人做的书面翻译 3.组合型歧义：一个字与前面的字成词,与后面的字成词,合起来也成词。 4.交集型歧义（P117）：一个字与前面的字成词,与后面的字也成词。 5.人工智能：用计算机硬件、软件模拟人的行为，解决人类目前尚未认识清楚的问题。 6.人工智能软件的三大技术：知识表示、知识推理、知识获取。 7.语料库：单词、短语和句子组成的数据库。 8.知识工程：包括人工智能软件技术的工程。（知识工程是以知识为基础的系统，就是 通过智能软件而建立的专家系统） 9.深度学习：一步一步在丰富起来的特征规律引导下，由浅入深完成推理的方法。 10.语用分析：分析成语和习惯用语的方法。 二、题解P36 例2.1 、2.2 例2.1 设有下列语句： （1）高山比他父亲出名。 （2）刘水是计算机系的一名学生，但他不喜欢编程序。 （3）人人爱劳动。 为了用谓词公式表示这些语句，应先定义谓词： BIGGER(x,y):x比y出名 COMPUTER(x):x是计算机系的学生 LIKE(x,y):x喜欢y LOVE(x,y):x爱y M(x):x是人 定义函数father(x)表示从x到其父亲的映射此时可用谓词公式把上述三个语句表示为：（1）BIGGER(高山，father(x)) （2）COMPUTER(刘水)∧∽LIKE（刘水，程序） （3）（?x）（M(x) →LOVE(x,劳动)） 例2.2 设有下列语句： （1）自然数都是大于零的整数。 （2）所有整数不是偶数就是奇数。 （3）偶数除以2是整数。 定义谓词如下： N(x):x是自然数 I(x):x是整数 E(x):x是偶数 O(x):x是奇数 GZ(x):x大于零 另外，用函数S（x）表示x除以2。此时，上述三个句子可用谓词公式表示为： （?x）(N(x) →GZ(x)∧I(x)) (?x)（I(x) →E(x)∨O(x）） （?x）(E(x) →I(S(x))) 三、论述（4X5‘）20’ 1.阐述深度、广度、代价驱动搜索方法。（P68） 答：广度优先搜索法：对全部节点沿广度进行横向扫描，按各节点生成的先后次序，

英文翻译人工智能

【PT】[J]. 【AU:】shambour,Qusai Xu, Yisi Lin, Qing Zhang, Guangquan 【AB】The web provides excellent opportunities to businesses in various aspects of development such as finding a business partner online. However, with the rapid growth of web information, business users struggle with information overload and increasingly find it difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Meanwhile, small and medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking one-to-one e-services from government in current highly competitive markets. How can business users be provided with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information? An effective solution proposed in this study is the development of personalized e-services. Recommender systems is an effective approach for the implementation of Personalized E-Service which has gained wide exposure in e-commerce in recent years. Accordingly, this paper first presents a hybrid fuzzy semantic recommendation (HFSR) approach which combines item-based fuzzy semantic similarity and item-based fuzzy collaborative filtering (CF) similarity techniques. This paper then presents the implementation of the proposed approach into an intelligent recommendation system prototype called Smart BizSeeker, which can recommend relevant business partners to individual business users,particularly for SMBs. Experimental results show that the HFSR approach can help overcome the semantic limitations of classical CF-based recommendation approaches, namely sparsity and new cold start item problems. 【题目】：基于Web的个性化推荐系统使用的业务合作伙伴---模糊语义技术 【刊登杂志】: 计算智能 【摘要】网站为企业在各方面的发展提供了极好的机会，例如找到一个在线的业务合作 伙伴。然而，随着网络信息的快速增长，商业用户正在和信息过载做斗争，并且在正确的时间找到正确的信息的难度在不断增加。同时，特别是中小型企业（中小企业），在当前竞争激烈的市场中从政府寻求的是一对一的电子服务。怎么为企业用户提供他们需要的的信息和服务，而不是一种未分化的海量信息？本文中就为个性化服务发展提出了一个有效的解决方法。推荐系统是实施个性化的全方位服务的一种有效的方法，近年来在电子商务中得到了广泛的提及。相应的，本文首先提出了一种混合模糊语义推荐（HFSR）的方法，这种方法结合了基于项目的模糊语义相似度和基于项目的模糊协同过滤（CF）相似的技术。本文就介绍了在一个智能推荐系统原型中该方法的实现，这个实现方法称为智能bizseeker，它可推荐相关个人商务用户的业务合作伙伴，特别是对中小企业。实验结果表明，HFSR方法可以帮助克服基于推荐的经典CF语义的限制方法，即稀疏性和冷开始新项目问题。

人工智能专家系统_外文翻译原文

附件 毕业生毕业论文(设计)翻译原文 论文题目远程农作物病虫害诊断专家系统的设计与实现系别_____ ______ _ 年级______ _ _ _ _ _ 专业_____ ___ ___ 学生姓名______ _____ 学号 ___ __ _ 指导教师______ ___ _ __ _ 职称______ __ ___ 系主任 _________________ _ _ ___ 2012年 04月22 日

EXPERT SYSTEMS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. Of course, the term intelligence covers many cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language; AI addresses all of those. But most progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving -- concepts and methods for building programs that reason about problems rather than calculate a solution. AI programs that achieve expert-level competence in solving problems in task areas by bringing to bear a body of knowledge about specific tasks are called knowledge-based or expert systems. Often, the term expert systems is reserved for programs whose knowledge base contains the knowledge used by human experts, in contrast to knowledge gathered from textbooks or non-experts. More often than not, the two terms, expert systems (ES) and knowledge-based systems (KBS), are used synonymously. Taken together, they represent the most widespread type of AI application. The area of human intellectual endeavor to be captured in an expert system is called the task domain. Task refers to some goal-oriented, problem-solving activity. Domain refers to the area within which the task is being performed. Typical tasks are diagnosis, planning, scheduling, configuration and design. An example of a task domain is aircraft crew scheduling, discussed in Chapter 2. Building an expert system is known as knowledge engineering and its practitioners are called knowledge engineers. The knowledge engineer must make sure that the computer has all the knowledge needed to solve a problem. The knowledge engineer must choose one or more forms in which to represent the required knowledge as symbol patterns in the memory of the computer -- that is, he (or she) must choose a knowledge representation. He must also ensure that the computer can use the knowledge efficiently by selecting from a handful of reasoning methods. The practice of knowledge engineering is described later. We first describe the components of expert systems. The Building Blocks of Expert Systems Every expert system consists of two principal parts: the knowledge base; and the reasoning, or inference, engine.

1.2 人工智能的发展史

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他曾经做出了能进行四则运算的手摇计算机 ◆英国数学家、逻辑学家Boole（布尔）（1815-1864），他初步实现了布莱尼茨的思维符号化和数学化的思想，提出了一种崭新的代数系统--布尔代数。 ◆美籍奥地利数理逻辑学家Godel（哥德尔）（1906-1978），他证明了一阶谓词的完备性定理；任何包含初等数论的形式系统，如果它是无矛盾的，那么一定是不完备的。 此定理的意义在于，人的思维形式化和机械化的某种极限，在理论上证明了有些事是做不到的。 ◆英国数学家Turing(图灵)（1912-1954）,1936年提出了一种理想计算机的数学模型（图灵机），1950年提出了图灵试验，发表了"计算机与智能"的论文。 当今世界上计算机科学最高荣誉奖励为"图灵奖"。 名词解释：图灵试验。当一个人与一个封闭房间里的人或者机器交谈时，如果他不能分辨自己问题的回答是计算机还是人给出时，则称该机器是具有智能的。以往该试验几乎是衡量机器人工智能的唯一标准，但是从九十年代开始，现代人工智能领域的科学家开始对此试验提出异议：反对封闭式的，机器完全自主的智能；提出与外界交流的，人机交互的智能。 ◆美国数学家Mauchly，1946发明了电子数字计算机ENIAC ◆美国神经生理学家McCulloch，建立了第一个神经网络

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