研究生综合英语课后作业答案

选择填空

第一册Unite11obese fat2obsolete outdated3devastation destruction4merge combine5infertile sterile

6cling to hold on to7fall apart split up8destined for fated to be9counter to contrary to 10brought on resulted in Unite2 1paucity scarcity 2flush well-supplied 3flurry burst 4periodic occasional 5hinder obstruct 6dissipated wasted 7prudent sensible 8foray attempt 9allocation assignment 10hazardous risky

Unite4 1superiority advantage 2idol favorite 3scoff scream 4bent on fixed on 5reactionary unprogressive 6obstinate stubborn 7snag obstacle 8serene peaceful 9autochthonous native 10vulgar rude

Unite8 1allay relieve 2cordial warm 3commune with talk with 4sham falsity 5pious religious 6folly stupidity 7crave desire 8outship become better than 9consternation shock 10anthentication verification

第二册Unite1 1threadbare ragged 2top-drawer highest 3compliments praises 4bleak dismal 5enchanted gladdened

6despise scorn 7draped hung 8reverrnce admiration 9intersection crossway 10grit courage

Unite21motivation willingness 2downside disadvantage3self-conscious embarrassed4amassed collected 5shower party 6laid-back relaxed 7dawned on occurred to 8nurtures cultivates 9chemistry attraction 10camarderie friendship Unite6 1giddy dizzy 2thwarted obstructed 3contemplative reflective 4transcend surpass 5affiliation association

6trail fall behind 7stems originates 8grumbled complained 9vanquish defeat 10affable amiable

Unite8 1stalled stopped 2unhinged confused 3lethal deadly 4dazzling brilliant 5harrowing painful 6zest enthusiasm 7terminate stop 8tangled twisted 9detachment disconnection 10prolong lengthen

完形填空

第一册Unite1A recent survey of women in 20 large and medium-sized cities across……(1) bored (2)affiliate (3)conducted (4) valid (5)ranging (6) fulfilling (7) reveal (8)tended (9)pressure (10)tough

Unite2 As 2009 shapes up to be the most challenging year in more……1、loyal 2、hinder 3、recession

4、disproportionally

5、spending

6、eliminate

7、slightly

8、integrity

9、accessible 10、lure

Unite4“Indeed,” says Woodring,” the whole system of education with its eight years…… (1) require (2) adolescent (3) reform (4) eliminating (5) science (6) individual (7) restoring (8) doctrine (9) function (10) heritage Unite5 Our cultural vocabulary indicates that marriages move one way …….(1) confirms (2) steady (3) chores (4) stem (5) biological (6) marital (7) stepchildren (8) grievance (9) strain (10) exert

Unite6 The great evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin wrote a book about ……(1) observations (2) universal

(3) contract (4) regardless of (5) identify (6) by and large (7) set (8) interpret (9) imitate (10) spontaneous Unite8 Do not undermine your worth by comparing yourself with others….. (1) deem (2) Cling (3) slip

(4) daydreaming (5) over (6) fragile (7) encounter (8) tightly (9) dismiss (10) journey

第二册Unite1The goal of today’s and future workplaces will be employability …..(1) generalist (2) Flexibility (3)switching (4) count on (5) mentor (6) occupational (7) on-going (8) resumé(9) cutting (10) qualifications Unite2 Few Americans stay put for a lifetime. We move from town……(1) move (2) forming (3) sights

(4) produce (5) value (6) appreciation (7) expectations (8) constitutes (9) being (10) distinguished Unite6Barack Obama’s been compared to Jackie Robinson, who ……(1) executive (2) acclaimed (3) campaigning (4) run (5) candidate (6) comparison (7) presidency (8) decorated (9) terms (10) nomination

Unite8 When Nadya Suleman,33,had her eight children at a …….(1) implanted (2) expose (3) ethical (4) issues (5) existing (6) conceived (7) unidentified (8) ruled (9) treatment (10) left

翻译

Unite1 1. 对一些人来说For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.

2. 此次会议Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the development of the organization.

3. 所有这些都All of these show people’s yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward generation after generation.

4. 总统警告说If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.

5. 夫妻之间必须The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each other’s character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.

Love is爱情是一部电话机，当你渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不经心留意时，它又丁零零地响起。因此，我们经常错过另一端传来的温馨的甜蜜。爱情这部电话机通常不是程控的，也不是直拨的。并非只要说声“喂”便可立即得到回音，更不是一个电话就能深深打动你爱人的心。它通常需要人工转换，你得耐心等待。命运是这部电话的接线员，她总是缺乏责任心，又爱搞恶作剧，或许有意无意地捉弄你一生。

Unite2 1. 因为对文化和艺术的热爱Let’s capitalize on our heritage by raising the level of proficiency in the usage of the Chinese language for the love of the culture and art.

2. 这项研究表明The study shows that the nervous system can be likened to a telephone exchange.

3. 当管理人员在市场上After executives probe for gaps in the market, the companies should pull other resources in their wake.

4. 一位合格的执行总裁A qualified CEO should understand various economic policies as well as optimal allocation of resources.

5. 有轨电车My father drove buses for several years after the demise of the streetcar in Washington and retired in 1973.

If the world如果世界情势越来越糟糕，你应该买进什么呢？当报纸的头条充斥着关于信贷危机的报道，一家又一家大银行面临着破产的威胁，这是所有投资者需要考虑的问题。这很大程度上取决于你认为大灾难会以什么样的形式到来。过去数周来，投资者开始蜂拥购买美国长期国库券，想依赖美国政府安全可靠的信用。但是随着美元几乎每天都在下跌，在外国投资者眼中，美国政府已经变得像理查德?尼克松一样不牢靠，他们可能得到的回报是一堆贬值的纸片儿。另外，像一些观察家所估计的那样，如果美联储急着救市，对通货膨胀不闻不问，那么美国国内的投资者也许会认为国库券3.4%的10年期利率（2008年3月18日起）没有任何吸引力。

Unite 4 1.长期致力于农村His devotion to the raise of rural education level for a long time has brought him to the front.

2. 他既不想索取He did not want to claim social superiority, nor would he claim intrinsic personal superiority.

3. 当工会领袖们The negotiations struck a snag when the union leaders asked for paid holidays in addition to the usual wage increase.

4. 这些英国殖民者These English colonists were self-disciplined people who wanted to escape religious persecution.

5. 公正的观察家The impartial observer had to acknowledge that his lack of formal education did not seem to impede him in any way.

For 30 years30年来，雇主们雇用毕业生是因为其学历而不是看其能力；职业、薪水、甚至提升一直都依赖文凭。现在许多大的雇主已经开始不仅仅注重学历了。例如，一些大银行正在研究进行入行考试的可能性，以此来测试求职的大学毕业生的知识和能力。学生和家长们也将在各个层次对学校的责任提出更高的要求。因为学区和学院只授予学位而不传授相应的必要技术而被提起诉讼的事将越来越普遍。许多年轻人已经开始转向具有实用性的、“过硬的”学科。他们不大关心所谓的“青年文化”和媒体，而是从心理学转向医学，从社会学转向会计学，从黑人研究转向计算机程序设计。

Unite 5 1.也许你想躲避压力While you might want to hole up and be alone, research shows that people cope better with stress in the presence of others, especially others undergoing similar stress. 2.当爱情遭到拒绝时When our love is rejected, our brain will scale down their activity of making dopamine. Consequently, we feel depressed.

3. 总统可以要求人们The President can ask for reconciliation in the racial conflict that divides Americans, but reconciliation comes only from the hearts of people.

4.这些人在精神病院These people spent an average of eight years of terror in mental hospital, sustaining tremendous mental trauma.

5.该解释涉及The explanation involves business, politics and history, and is in many respects a case study of how these three factors can intertwine with unhealthy consequences in Asia.

A good fight一项最新调查研究显示，和你的伴侣大吵一架有益于身体健康。根据一项跟踪了192对美国夫妇17年的调查显示，夫妻两人均压抑自己的愤怒会让他们的死亡率比至少有一方站出来争吵的夫妇高出一倍。夫妇两人在一起，一项主要的任务就是调和冲突。关键在于当发生冲突时，如何解决它？之前的研究已经表明，压抑愤怒会增加与压力相关的疾病的患病率，比如心脏病和高血压。这项研究着眼于婚姻中被压抑的愤怒与其造成的怨恨是如何影响整体死亡率的。这和年龄、吸烟状况、体重、血压、支气管疾病、呼吸状况、患心血管疾病的风险都有关系。一位专家和他的同事们用问卷调查的方式来了解夫妻双方对于那些自己认为不公平的行为是如何回应的。有26对夫妻双方都会选择压抑愤怒，而剩下的166对夫妇中至少有一方会表达自己的愤怒。在夫妻双方均压抑愤怒的家庭中，有一半已经失去了一方配偶，而在另外的166对夫妻中，失去一方配偶的家庭只占26%。调查还显示，17年后压抑愤怒的夫妇双方均死亡的可能性竟然高达5倍。但是这位专家告诫道，这个结果仍旧是初步的，并不能作为一个有代表性的样本反映目前婚姻关系。

Unite 6 1.让外国游客It is very hard to get across the cultural factors in their communication with local people to foreign visitors.

2. 以往工业经济The method of management in the past time of industry economy is doomed to be substituted by new digital integration.

3. 雄心勃勃的教练Ambitious coaches cannot be so foolish as to indulge in sports at the expense of their school students.

4. 有时，人们Sometimes people can’t communicate successfully with each other just because they fall short of utilizing appropriate facial expressions and gestures.

5. 本保证不适用于The warranty does not hold good for any damage to the machine caused by accident or improper use.

When Americans当美国人在谈话时，他们期望别人对其所讲的内容有所响应。对他们来说，有礼貌的谈话者应该靠表现出的惊喜、讨厌、吃惊或悲哀的表情来与别人进行心灵的沟通。人们会用怀疑的眼光看待将感情隐藏于毫无表情的、带着一张“扑克脸”的人。美国人在谈话中也会以扬眉、点头、有礼貌的微笑以及保持适度的目光接触来表示他们对谈话者的注意。然而在某些文化中，人们认为直接的对视是不礼貌或是一种威胁；虽然美国人则认为这是真挚诚恳的表现。假如一个人不用正眼看你，美国人可能会说你要对他的动机起疑，或者以为他不喜欢你。不过，就对目光接触的关注而言，美国人也认为盯着看人——特别是盯着看陌生人——是不礼貌的。

就非言语交际的影响而言，我们其实从未真正地停止过沟通。我们如何走路、站立、如何使用双手、如何举手投足、如何表现情绪等都在向他人传递信息。这也就是为什么像俗语所说的“看一个人就像读一本书一样。”假如你读懂了一个人，那么就像在那拥挤房间中的男孩及女孩后来发现的一样，也许一个爱情故事由此诞生。Unite 8 1.很多伟大的文学家A number of great writers choose to live in solitude on purpose because they want to find inspiration in nature. A good case in point is the great British poet Wordsworth.

2. 一些研究人员Some researchers are finding evidence that constant exposure to fat and sugar can cause some people to crave them as they do an addictive drug.

3. 选择独处的人People who choose to live in solitude are usually those who have profound reflections on life. They are usually possessed with such streaks as independence, sobriety and determination.

4. 她不停的对自己说She kept telling herself that in any case, it was probably only a misunderstanding, and there was surely nothing to it.

5.随着日趋成熟As they mature, many young radicals mellow into a more tolerant attitude towards life and

society.

The people you meet你所遇到的影响你生活的人和你所经历的成功与挫折都有助于塑造你、早就你，就连那些不幸的经历也能让你从中吸取教训。事实上，它们可能是你最深刻、最重要的人生经历。如果某人上害了你，背叛了你，或者让你心碎不已，原谅他们吧，因为他们帮你认识到何为信任，认识到当你敞开心扉时任然需要保持一份警惕的重要性。如果有人爱你，那么无条件地去爱他们吧，不仅因为他们爱你，还因为在某种意义上，他们在教你去爱，教你如何敞开心胸、睁大眼睛去感受世间万物。让每一天都充满意义吧。珍惜每一刻，并尽己所能地从每时每刻汲取所需，因为你可能永远无法再有这种经历。告诉自己并且相信自己是个了不起的人，因为如果你自己不相信自己，那别人便难以相信你。

Book2 Unite 1 经济萧条造成了多么大的影响！雇主们回到了司机的座位自己开车，想改行的人不得不重新学会游戏规则。作为一个经理代理人，我负责高级管理人员的职业安排，对于他们在职业上遇到的最艰难的挑战，我通常了如指掌。在我看来，求职者应该遵循以下几条新规则是有好处的。

让人需要你比让人雇佣你更容易：有一句老话说得好：“先把你的脚跨进门内。”不过，即使想那样做，现在也不容易。因为公司在雇用员工之前完全有条件对求职者进行长时间的仔细考察。有一个解决办法，就是先和公司作某种交易。我的一个客户就与其公司达成一项为公司提供咨询服务的协议，并与公司共同承担风险，如果他能成功，他就会得到一份永久的工作。他这一招还真奏效了。

学会自我欣赏：有位客户在求职面试时颇为沮丧，因为坐在对面负责面试的主管竟然是他以前的下属。其实，这样的事情屡见不鲜。毕竟，在网络行业繁荣的时期，随着不少企业家型人才外流，那些留守员工往往加官进职——很大程度上就是因为他们留下来没有跳槽。像乌龟和兔子赛跑一样，乌龟艰难地爬向终点却乐观自信。在求职市场，要摒弃傲慢，不要目中无人；不要搞小动作。要摆正自己的位置，至于你从前的下属，你以后可以采取回避的方式对待。不过要重新参与竞争，你必须首先回到队伍中。

Unite 2 英国式友谊遵循着一种不同的模式。其基础是共同参与的活动。在人生的不同阶段，活动会有很大的不同：在学校中发现共同的兴趣，在军队中共同服役，在国外一同完成任务，在危机中共住一间农舍。在活动中，不管是什么样的活动，大家会步调一致：有时是两个男人或者两个女人，有时是两对夫妇，有时是三个人，他们或散步，或玩游戏，或讲故事，或者担任一个又累又烦的委员会委员，日常事务如何做，出什么危急情况怎么办，都是不难预料、一成不变的。有英国朋友的美国人议论说：“即使在多年以后，你也可以在上次停留的地方继续开始。”时隔很久会面时，朋友就像一对舞伴，在休息过后乐队重新奏响时再次共舞。英国式友谊的中断并不一定是由于一些世界观或情感的不可调和的差异，而是判断失误的结果。一方对于另一方的想法、感受或行为出现了严重的判断失误，突然使他们格格不入。

Unite 6 2007年，在波士顿的一个社交场合与奥巴马见过一面后，我打电话给一位住在加利福尼亚州、已经处于半退休状态的知名政治题材作家，问他是否曾经见过有如此魅力的候选人。这位与我同姓的政治题材作家是一位深受好评的作家，他被认为是研究罗纳德?里根的最杰出的专家。他停顿了一下说：“是的,我见过。约翰F?肯尼迪就是这样。”又过了一会儿，他说道：“早期的里根也是这样。”他以一种奇特的魔力融合了作为竞选者肯尼迪般的自律、比尔?克林顿聊天的天赋、罗纳德?里根的乐观，以及声誉完美的品质。换句话说，奥巴马在竞选之路上甚少出错，就算他出了错，那些错误也不算什么。奥巴马还是个十足顾家的男人—在克林顿之后选民们仍然想看到这样的—而且奥巴马还拥有我们从未在其他总统的履历上见过的不平凡的家庭背景。最后，其双重种族的候选人身份不仅仅吸引了非洲裔美国人，更吸引了千千万万的在社会地位上无偏见的白人、拉丁美洲人、移民，以及年轻人。奥巴马英俊可爱，还是个天生的演说家。他组建了一个极好的竞选团体，而且他从未失去自信。Unite 8 假如有个恐怖分子在曼哈顿岛藏了一枚原子弹，除非他要钱和要求释放狱中的朋友的要求得到满足，炸弹将会在7月4日中午爆炸。再假设，他在那个致命的日子的上午10点钟被捕，但是，宁死不降，不肯说出炸弹在哪里。我们怎么办？如果我们按照规定程序来，等他的律师，控告他，那么上百万的人将会死亡。如果拯救这些生命的惟一方法是使恐怖分子遭受最难以忍受的痛苦，又有什么理由不那样做呢？折磨恐怖分子违宪吗？也许。但是上百万人的生命比宪法更为重要。严刑拷打是野蛮的？大规模的谋杀更为野蛮。事实上，为了遵从一个以其罪行为荣的人，而让上百万人死去，是一种道德上的怯懦，是一种明哲保身。如果是你抓到的恐怖分子，知道有上百万人因为你不愿使用电极来逼供而死去，你还能睡安稳觉吗？一旦你让步，认为在极端情况下刑讯是

有其正当性的，那么你就已经承认使用刑讯的决定实际上是在无辜的生命和拯救无辜生命所需方法之间进行权衡。

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Unite1 1 During the Gulf War stranded 2 G. Wilson Knight, emeritus 3 While conventional wisdom erode

4 She let her joyous wondrous

5 She drew him towards yearning

6 Many Americans have mis…. shackled

7 Government loans have been salvation 8 Her teeth having all nibble 9 If you aim at imperfection

10 Some of his peers erupt

Unite 2 1Internationally, volatile 2Problems of urbanization magnitude 3In the competitive contingency

4Y ounger buyers and disproportionate 5The technology of modern confluence 6The achievements of eclipse 7There is an interesting anomaly 8Top athletes scrutinize 9 The development of marine simultaneously 10They ran to a safe lull Unite 4 1What with war and populace 2In this way, ancestry 3He felt that rebuke 4The science of is concerned with 5Practice has shown that retrogress 6They consider that superstition 7The measures proposed by apply to 8Before the minister had ludicrous 9This new European model variant 10They all sought the same impartial

Unite 5 1She enjoyed the courtship 2She cried so bitterly forlorn 3Though Alicia has decided wears on 4That I have been able myriad 5Stubbornly , rekindle 6As the little boy grew up become obsessed with7As a matter of sever 8The price charged for entice 9He said things that haunt 10Though normally storm out

Unite 6 1Although planets give off 2The menu for each superfluous 3In other words, manipulate 4Most intriguing is meander5As she began to embrace6He is always annoyingly garrulous7Lifting his eyes dizzy 8Although mockingbirds mimic 9Insects that are odor 10Edgar Allan Poe epoch

Unite 8 1He could not support meager2Y ou are not a hermit3After being cooped up4The ensuring investigation notoriety 5In the creative age, outstrip6This is a result peris h 7Clothes which are too frivolous 8From his marriage-day squander 9After I had been reckoning 10Y esterday an acquaintance of gregarious

Unite 1 1After two years’peddling 2In the early morning trudge 3She had the gumption 4Men, in most despise 5To participate in detachable6The essence of reverence7This paper is aimed at embark on8The Commission has intervene 9The actual low paupers 10The old lady was take in

Unite 2 1Don’t worry about resourcefulness 2We finally chose proximity 3The friends of intimidate 4The women’s movement catalyst5Judging from the overwhelming6The death of the King anarchy7The economic recession dwindle 8After twenty years hierarchy 9Greg is a nice quirk 10Thompson was ranting

Unite 6 1DigiScent’s founders hope spectrum 2We thought he was reverted 3He was surprised, spun 4The success of hinged 5Two of the greatest proliferation 6Hydrogen-powered cars hurdles7Porous pavement percolate 8Fields, asset 9Unable to garner 10Once the astronauts deploy

Unite 8 1She felt his answer evasive 2Don’t shed crocodile detest 3The obstructive 4In the art conspicuous 5According to the contract terminate6She finally realized anguish7He talked about his shattering8Alice suffers from chronic 9The disintegration 10He received the news equanimity

硕士英语综合教程1课文翻译及课后答案

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如果要给当代关于克隆的争论找出一个守护圣徒的话，安迪·沃荷当之无愧。沃荷不仅认为每个人都有15分钟的成名时刻，例如律师、哲学家、神学家以及在伊恩·维尔穆特成功克隆多利羊后，发现他们自身特长成为有线电视台夜间道德评论节目热捧对象的生物伦理学家；沃荷同时将“克隆”也就是同一现象的重复复制推向了大众文化的中心。除了复制玛丽莲·梦露图片和金宝汤图案以外，人类现在克隆了羊。遗憾的是，主导目前克隆争论的正是沃荷夸大其词的能力，而不是他的智慧和另类观点。 如果我们用评判一篇有说服力的哲学或法律分析的标准去武断地评判评论员文章、受欢迎的脱口秀和夜间广播节目，那会有失公允。但大众媒体应该更多地将有思想的公共讨论引向关于人类和非人类动物克隆的法律、道德、政治、医学和科学角度。 《自然》杂志公布了伊恩·维尔穆特从一只成年羊乳细胞中成功克隆出多利羊的消息后，我和我在哈斯汀斯研究中心的同事们一样，接受了几家媒体采访。虽然采访前我向一家洛杉矶电台广播员清楚地表明我不是一个神学家，也不代表任何宗教组织，但录音时我还是被出乎意料地问到上帝如何看待克隆以及克隆是否“违背自然创造”。可以想像，广播员不希望讨论宗教伦理学家如何就克隆道德性问题进行早期公开演说。相反，他只是想让我对此有一个剧烈的回应，然后无神论者、不可知论者以及各式各样的宗教信徒就会蜂拥地打电话到广播电台。 除了不停地给公众灌注夸张的惊呼声和文字版本以外，媒体们一致将焦点放在涉及克隆人的问题上，却几乎一点也不关注克隆非人类动物所带来的道德影响。我们当然要讨论克隆人的伦理性，但克隆非人类动物已经发生并值得引起人们思考其伦理性问题。 虽然我怀疑我们能否为克隆动物找到具有说服力的论证，但不应该忽视实际上进行这样的论证与仅仅假设非人类克隆总是没有问题的这两者之间的区别。很显然，人类很多时候已经把非人类动物视为商品，比如作为食物来源。但如果克隆动物的目的是为了把它们作为“医药工厂”原料，用来制造胰岛素和其它物质，治疗人类疾病，就应该引起我们思考这种态度应该延伸多远的问题。人类使用其它物种应该遵循什么样的道德义务？给人类带来的潜在医用价值是否大于鼓励人们把非人类动物视为工具并用来满足人类目标所产生的危险性？这些问题应该成为公众关于克隆讨论的一部分。考虑到一些人对于使用陷阱捕捉野生动物的关注，对于饲养动物生活环境的关注以及在医药研究中使用和对待动物问题的关注，我觉得这方面公众信息的不足比较令人费解。 媒体对于克隆问题疯狂聚焦，这其中最重要的问题是简单地假设人类只不过是他们基因的产物，这种观点通常被称为“基因本质主义”。电视主持人和电台广播员提出是否有可能组建一支全部由迈克尔·乔丹克隆人组成的篮球队。而哲学家、神学家和其他专家已经郑重对此重申回应说，人类行为毫无疑问与基因成分有关，但是包括子宫环境、家庭动态、社会环境、营养和其它个人历史在内的一系列因素在个人发展过程中也发挥重要作用。因此，从一个出色运动员DNA中产生的克隆人也有可能对体育不敢兴趣。 这条更为复杂的信息已经引起了更多媒体关注，我们仍然继续听到描述富人有天可能复制出他们自己，或者拥有换致命疾病小孩的父母可以创造出小孩复体之类的故事。纽约大学科学社会学家多罗西·内尔金所指的“像天命一样的DNA”似乎还在给大众媒体带来震撼。 更重要的是，克隆问题反应出大众媒体希望通过暗示科学“进步”不可停止来培育人们对于技术和科学决定论的态度。当然，许多科学家也赞成这些看法，并且时常拒绝承担 他们参与可能导致人类灾害有关研究的道义责任。但是科学家不应该仅仅只做他们的研究，而把道德论证留给他人去做。他们应该参与公众关于一些科学项目是否有害以及是否应该继续进行的讨论，因为这些项目会带来不合理的、非人性化的影响。许多核物理学家公开批评核武器就是一个很好的例证，他们在限制

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研究生英语综合教程(下)课文+翻译修改版

★愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happin ess 幸福隐藏的另一面 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go someth ing like this: "I wish it had n't happe ned, but I'm a better pers on for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但岀人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他 们可能都会这样说：我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid en dless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built- in huma n capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的 一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发岀来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作岀积极回应的并不仅限于 最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。 3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What does n't kill you can actually make you str on ger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the on ly possible outcome. In the wake of eve n the most terrifyi ng experie nces, only a small proportio n of adults become chr oni cally troubled. More com monly, people rebou nd-or eve n eve ntually thrive. 3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。 创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会 受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。 4 Those who weather adversity well are liv ing proof of the paradoxes of happ in ess.We n eed more tha n pleasure to live the best possible life. Our con temporary quest for happ in ess has shriveled to a hunt for bliss-a life protected from bad feelings,free from pain and confusion. 4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我 们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生 没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。 5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meanin gful life. It is the dark matter of happ in ess,the in effable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they n ever an ticipated and to reth ink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profou nd and inten sely fulfilli ng jour ney that philosophers used to call the search for "the good life". 5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完 整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴