英语国家概况结课作业
英语国家概况结课作业
学院：经济学院班级：经济30902班姓名：林梅添学号：200904244
美国教育体制
美国是世界上教育事业最发达的国家之一。美国教育体系早在其建国时就初具规模，经过200多年的发展和逐步完美，形成了今天的初等教育、中等教育和高等教育三级体制。
美国高等院校半数以上是私立的，因为这些大学最初主要是由教会和其它宗教团体创立的，虽然今天这些学校依然同教会有着千丝万缕的联系，但却不再以宗教教育为主了。全美50个州中，几乎每个州至少都有一由州政府或当地出资创办的公立大学，虽然经费来源与么立大学不同，但学制和课程并无多少差别。
美国高校分类
一、原则
美国高等教育学校是根据学校能提供的最高学位、学科范围及从事研究工作的程度来分类的。应用最广泛的分类是The Carnegie Classification of Institutions。
需要说明的是，类似Carnegie这样的美国学校分类不是学校质量排名，而是学校类型分类。
Large Research Universities
包括的学校是那些几乎在所有的科系都注重研究工作，在许多专业都提供高级学位，并且很大部分收入来源于赞助的研究。
Smaller Doctorate-Granting Universities
包括的学校是那些虽设有许多专业，但只在相对较少的领域提供博士学位并进行高级研究工作。
Comprehensive Institutions
包括的学校是那些最高能提供硕士学位和FIRST-PROFESSIONAL学位，但不授研究博士学位或不十分注重高级研究工作。
Baccalaureate Institutions
这类学校只提供学士学位，为更高阶段的学习做准备。
Associate Degree Institutions
这类学校主要指社区学院之类的学院，提供资格认证证书、准学士学位，但不授学士学位或更高的学位。学生今后可进行类似国内专升本学习。
Specialized Institutions
这类学校只提供一个或几个相关专业的学习，或为学生今后从事具体的职业做准备。
V ocational/Technical Institutions
这类学校为学生提供的是短期无学位职业课程，一般不超过2年。
二、分类
美国的大学习惯上分为以下三类：
（1）两年制学院，又称初级或技术学院，大部分为公立，多半为地方社区所举办，故一般称为社区学院（community or junior colleges）。社区学院提供的课程有两类：一类为过渡性文理课程，相当于4年制大学的头两年，学生习毕可转入4年制大学继续深造；另一类为终止性职业技术课程，毕业生直接就业。社区学院颁授的学位是准学士学位（associate degree）-Associate of Arts（A.A.）或Associate of Science（A.S.）。社区学院入学条件简单，不限年龄，亦无须通过入学考试；学习时间灵活，有全日、半日、周末、夜间课程的多种选择，还有寒
暑假开设的假期班；修业年限较短，收费低廉，而且针对本地区需要开设课程，便于就业，因此日益受到社会各界的青睐。
（2）四年制学院，大体有两类：一类是文理学院或文科学院。基本课程包括人文学(语言、文学、哲学、艺术、音乐、文化史等)、社会及行为科学(历史、地理、经济、政治、社会学、人类学、心理学等)和自然科学(数学、物理、化学、生物学、地质学等)三大领域。另一类是独立的专科学院，如机械学院、建筑学院、工程学院、音乐学院、师范学院等，主要提供专科职业教育。上述两类学院学制一般为4年。文理学院和文科学院向毕业生颁授的最普遍的学位是文学士和理学士，专科学院则授予专业学位。
（3）综合性大学，综合性大学规模庞大、组织复杂、师资充实、设施完备，一般设有以文理学院为核心的若干学院，可修学位的课程除通常的文理课程外，还有工程与技术、商科、国际问题、卫生、教育、农业、家政、建筑、传播、新闻、图书馆学、旅馆管理等。大部分综合性大学注重研究工作，不仅拥有设备先进、实力雄厚的研究机构，也设有以向高校和社会输送教学和研究人才为双重使命的研究生(论坛) 院，因此这些大学又被称为研究性大学。此外，许多综合性大学还设有若干高级专业学院，如法学院、医学院、牙医学院、管理学院等。进入这些专业学院学习，往往需要有4年制大学的本科学历，学制通常为3-4年，时间长费用高。综合性大学颁授学士、硕士和博士3种学位。
美国著名高等学府有：哈佛大学、麻省理工学院、哥伦比亚大学、加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校、斯坦福大学、芝加哥大学、乔治·华盛顿大学、耶鲁大学、加州理工学院、约翰斯?霍普金斯大学、普林斯顿大学和杜克大学等。
美国高等院校师资力雄厚、学历高，教师要在四年制高等学校任教通常必须获得博士学位，并在教学方法和教学内容上适应专业需要。在美国，学生18岁高中毕业生不需要入学考试就能升入高等院校学习，60%以上的高中毕业生都能进大学继续深造。
美国高等学校实行学分制。教师在每学期开始时给学生布置大量的阅读书目和材料，培养学生自学和学术研究能力，在此基础上争取获得每科6-18个学分，四年制的本科生要想获得学士学位，必须按规定修满120~128个学分，通过考试和撰写学位论文，合格后才能获得学位。
美国高等院校规定，大学毕业获得学士学位后才有资格继续攻读硕士学位。学位体制采用五级制，即：准学士、学士、硕士、博士、和第一专业学位。其中，硕士学位分为两种：一种必须撰写学位论文另一种不要求写论文，但分学分有更高的要求，同时还有进行口试和笔试。硕士学位学制通常为二学年，博士学位为2-3年。博士研究生由几名专家和教授组成的指导小组负责指导，专业考试合格通过博士论文签办后获得学位。
美国高等教育学校通过多种途径为大学生提供各类经济资助，如奖学金、助学金、校内长期低息贷款、短期贷款、校外长期低息贷款、联邦政府勤工俭学计划、学校内外兼职工作和打工。
美国人讲究平民教育：
平民教育就是教育面前人人平等！
第一，是指平常百姓，特别是社会底层家庭的子女都可以享受的教育，这是从教育政策角度来定义的。第二，教育人做一个寻常的人，也就是：读平民的书、说平民的话，长大做一个遵纪守法、勤劳、诚实、有爱心、不走捷径、有正义感的合格公民，这是从教育哲学、价值观的角度出发的。以前我们往往是从第一个角度来说的，而从第二个角度来说的很少。
平民教育的三个最基本理念
开世界现代教育先河的国家，总的来说应该是美国。我觉得从美国教育消费者的角度，美国教育的基本特征，那就是平民教育。
美国教育有三个基本理念：
第一，一个国家可以没有历史，也可以没有文化，但不能没有有效的教育。
第二，智力有时是天生的，但优秀是教出来的。
第三，不论出身，每一个6-16岁的少儿都必须受到有效的教育，这是无条件的。否则对国家与政府来说，就有可能多一个不合格的公民，多一个社会问题，从而削减了国家整体实力。教育在西方一些国家，又称为“人生重新洗牌的过程”，人生之所以能够重新洗牌，就是说教育面前人人平等，所以平民教育就是教育面前人人平等。
美国这三个基本教育理念都充分透露出平民教育的理念，都充分透露出他们治国的务实、平和，和对人性、对国家、对公民的尊重。
美国教育还有一张隐性文凭：
美国教育发给学生的是两张文凭。第一张是显性文凭，即一般意义上的文凭，大家容易理解。美国孩子读完书之后，摆在身上还有一张隐性文凭，这就是具有平民意识的公民文凭，即做一个诚实、勤劳、有爱心、不走捷径的谦卑公民。这种价值观的形成，是由家庭、社会、学校的互动来完成的。这张隐性文凭将伴随一个人走过一生。一个国家给公民一张什么样的隐性文凭，或者不给隐性文凭，这是非常重要的问题。
与平民教育相对的是精英教育，美国人认为，平民教育和精英教育并不矛盾，平民教育是精英教育的基础，没有平民教育的精英教育是不存在的。只要平民教育做好了，精英教育就是水到渠成的事情，只抓精英教育而忽视平民教育的教育只有惨败的结局。精英多数情况下是很难被人们提早发现或选择定位的，精英也是很难从小就被指定并通过人为主观拟定培养方案就能培养的。真正伟大的天才不是一般的平庸教授可以发现的，爱因斯坦就申请过两次博士学位。一个国家要把教育办好，就把平民教育做好了，没有平民教育的精英教育都是胡说八道。一个国家不能把所有的学生都培养成爱因斯坦，更不能都用培养爱因斯坦的方法来培养所有的学生。教育的目的就是能够使一个学生将来能够准确地找到自己的位置。
“因材施教，人尽其才”在美国教育界的解释：
1、把一个只适合做木匠的人培养成博士和把一个只适合读博士的人培养成木匠都是教育的失误。把只适合于做木匠的人培养成木匠和只适合于读博士搞理论的人培养成博士，这样的教育才叫成功。
2、把孩子的真实情况告诉家长是美国教育的重要部分，学校里的老师有着不可磨灭的功劳。从一年级起，老师就和家长开始沟通、交流，使得家长到了孩子高中毕业时基本上能够知道孩子未来适合于做什么。
3、地位的平等，绝不可能认为教授比一个优秀的工匠地位高。在美国一个木匠的收入跟一个正教授的收入应该说是一样的，现在美国一个木匠一天的收入大概是200到400美元。
4、客观对待辍学，认同最优秀孩子是不会去读硕士或博士的价值观，这样会给孩子，特别是那些能在历史上留下痕迹的孩子一个自由发展的空间。他们认为绝顶聪明的孩子，在平民教育阶段完成之后，有时候通过辍学来变成精英。比如说比尔·盖茨、戴尔等等，尤其是商界的人士。在美国人的眼里，只有二流学生是去读博士的，一流学生不会读完书的。客观对待辍学就是一个平民教育的观念。在美国，学历并非越高越好。在一个法治的市场经济社会，
政治家、商人的地位肯定是很高的，他们不需要高学历。在美国，如果市长、州长的名片上印有一个博士学位，会被别人视为怪物。
遵守公共秩序依靠平民教育：
美国的教育教给孩子的基本原则是，无论任何理由都不可以侵害他人的利益与权利，由于教育的有效，优良的价值观不断重复，形成一种条件反射似的对公共秩序的遵守。遵守秩序成为一种习惯，整个民族的素质就提高了一步，这都是靠教育来完成的，而且是靠平民教育来完成的。
美国教育过程中不能碰的高压线：
在美国，所有中小学是不能开除学籍的，但大学是可以开除学籍的。在大学里，只要有确凿的证据证明你撒了三次谎，肯定就被开除，没有任何的商量余地，即便是布什总统帮你出面，也解决不了问题，可见诚实在美国教育中的重要性。
公平、公正的观念也是美国教育必须确立的观念。
平民教育，要求所有人都平等，对于民主最大的好处，就是让孩子从小就知道隐私的重要性。现在美国百分之百的学校不会公布成绩，所以在美国，成绩比较差的学生，也能够昂头挺胸，因为别人不知道他的成绩是多少。
美国学校，有一个不需要写进校训的校训——“人生六诫”，这些都是美国学生从小学一年级就开始的高压线。这些都和美国的基督教文化有联系：
一诫，不许把人作为偶像崇拜；
二诫，不许随意发誓起赌咒；
三诫，不许贪恋别人的财物；
四诫，不许懒惰不孝不感恩；
五诫，不许偷盗奸淫谋杀人；
六诫，不许撒谎害人作假证。
关于如何在美国申请入学
（1）参加考试
制定考试计划，基础较好的可以采取先考GRE（GMAT）后考TOEFL的策略，因为GRE（GMAT）有效期为五年，而TOEFL有效期仅为两年；一般情况下先考TOEFL为佳，便于词汇的按梯度增加。
（2）选择学校
选择学校可以说是申请出国留学这万里长征的第一步，是否走对这第一步直接关系到整个申请过程是否顺利，选择学校的失误可能会使有着很强的Qualification的人申请几年仍旧滞留国内，相反条件并不优越的人却所向披靡。下面所提的建议也许会对你有所帮助：
1.选择学校应考虑的因素
a.首先要正确估计自己的英语水平再进行选择。
b.了解所选学校的教学、科研水平及专业设置情况是否与自己所学专业和所从事的研究相近。
c.了解学校的入学要求、录取标准、竞争情况及申请的截止日期等。
d.了解学校的各种费用及??济资助情况。
e. 还要注意学校所在地的气候、风俗习惯等自己能否适应。
2.选择学校的途径
在北京的下列单位存有美国的院校向这些单位长期寄送的“学校介绍”：国家教委外事局、北京图书馆、北京美国大使馆文化处。主要参考书目：《美国大学与学院》、《学院选择指南》、《美国学院手册》、《美国大学费用手册》、《学院蓝皮书助学金、奖学金年鉴》、《美国大学世界指南》、《美国大专院校教员名录》、《Petersons研究生课程年鉴指南》、《留学美国指南》、《美国院校比较指南》、《美国研究生院指南》、《愿意赴美进行学习和研究的中国学者和中国学生可申请的助学金》等。
另外，还可在网上寻找有关大学的详细情况。
3.筛选学校的方法
a.初选：
查阅了上述资料后，再根据自身的条件选择20～30所学校，再发函联系，要求校方寄详细资料和申请表格（注意：有些学校可通过Email直接联系，但有些学校要求第一封信应为正式信函）。
b. 复选：收到学校寄来的详细资料后，根据下列标准筛选：
a）.TOEFL要求。各个学校、不同专业对TOEFL的要求不尽相同，而且由于近年来中国学生的成绩出现大幅度上升，竞争日益激烈，实际得到奖学金者的TOEFL成绩多半都在600分以上。所以，一定要对自己的实力有客观的估计。b）.GRE（GMA T）要求。许多学校要求GRE（文理、工、农、医）或GMA T（管理科学）。所以应该了解申请的学校有无此项考试要求，成绩标准如何。有些学校的有些专业除要求GRE的（General）外，还要求相应的专项（Sub）成绩。所以一定要详细了解有关规定，针对自身情况进行选择。c）.申请费。考虑自己的??济情况，不要或少选择申请费较高的学校。d）.??济资助。各个学校甚至各个专业对外国学生的奖学金政策有很大的区别。注意是否向外国留学生提供奖学金，数额多少，当地生活费的高低等等。e）.设备与师资。
c.终选：
通过与学校的联系，向学校寄送申请资料，最终会得到一些学校的录取通知，再从中选取自己最感兴趣的学校办理签证，前往注册。还可在奖学金、未来出路、转学、中国学生人数方面（这些资料可以直接与学校联系、询问）进行最后的筛选。
（3）对外联系
1、考试结束后，开始准备申请资料，包括推荐信、自我介绍、成绩单、学位证书、毕业证书、论文复印件及其它学校所提出的特殊要求
2、寄出申请材料。其中，申请费可在中国银行兑换汇票，记住在支票上注明自己的姓名、生日，以防丢失。
3、通常通过Email与学校、系、导师联系，关注录取进展。
4、接到录取通知后，不要过急回应，应仔细考虑奖学金情况、收费情况，是否合意。一旦接收录取，最好不要反复更改。
（4）办理护照
（5）办理签证
英语国家概况期末考整理
Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.
英语国家概况的复习资料
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况(阅读)期末复习资料
英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷(二)及答案
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二） (考试时间150分钟) (英语专业) I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army
英语国家概况课后题总结和答案
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
2011英语国家概况期末考
2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100
Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers
Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.
英语国家概况社会文化入门简答题上册答案
u n i t7 1 (1)What are the purposes of the British education system (2)Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations 答：(1)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called” the three R’s---“reading, writing and ‘arithmetic”(reading, writing and arithmetic). 2. How does the British education reflect social class British education reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy. What’s more, the enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over how “equal” educational opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers –proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is very important to you future. 3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2 Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points. Other major changes to the British education system were caused by world war Ⅱ。This time, the new system would emphasize equality. The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary schools and universities”meritocratic”. Children would be abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education. In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools----where the most academically capable pupils were sent to be prepared for university----and vocational school where less successful pupils were sent to learn allowed to let children "compete" for places. 4. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist 答：Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university. In recent years, great efforts have been made to increase the numbers of and kinds of people that pursue higher education. Access for mature students and students without traditional A-level qualifications is widening. 5. (1) what is the Open University in Britain (2)What do you think of this system (1)The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centre. (2)It was the Open University which provided the inspiration for the founding of China’s TV and Radio University. Unit 8 British Foreign Relations 1.What and how did the British empire end How did the British react to this reality How did the end of British imperialism influence the psychology of the British and the making of Britain's foreign policy (1) The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon
英语国家概况考试复习要点
英语国家概况复习要点 Part One UK The Country 1.Different Names for Britain and its Parts Name：England Britain Great Britain (GB/G.B.) British Isles British Empire The Commonwealth The United Kingdom(The UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geographically, the British Isles includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands Politically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland. 3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山) the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） 4.the longest river：The Severn River (塞文河) The most important river in Britain and the second longest river: Thames（泰晤士河） 5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh（内伊湖）( Northern Ireland) 6. Backbone of England：the Pennies（奔宁山脉） The people 7.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。 8.Basis of Modern English race? The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧者）from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代）Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人）in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） 9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state? ①.established 'Old English' ②.laid the foundations of the English state ③. divided the country into shires ④. created the 'Witan' to advise the King(the basis of the Cabinet) 10.different invaders? First invasion—In 55 BC, Julius Caesar Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain (recorded) Left—In 410, Germanic barbarian attack Rome, forcing Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending its occupation of the island History 9.Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” ? Sir Francis Drake 10. The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest (1066-1071) Fuse: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January, 1066. Harold was chosen to be king. William, Duke of Normandy, heard the news of Harold’s coronation, he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England because
英语国家概况复习题(1)
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 《英语国家概况》第一套复习题 I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( 1.5 points each , 30 points in total ) 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. 2.People from different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. 3.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. 4.Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. 5.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. 6.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. 7.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century. 8.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. 9.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. 10.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe – the Britons. 11.The Anglo –Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. 12.The Vikings began to attack the English coasts in the 8th century. 13.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France. 14.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. 15.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. 16.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. 17.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. 18.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. 19.The members in the House of Commons in Britain are appointed rather than elected. 20.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11.T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T II. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total) 1. ___B_____ is the capitall city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 2. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ____D_____ is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 3. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ____B_______ England. A. northeastern B.southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern