人教社高中英语必修 4 unit 1语法精讲精练-----主谓一致

语法精练---主谓一致必修 4 unit 1

Subject-Verb agreement (主谓一致)

【命题趋向】高考考察一些特殊名词在主谓一致情况下的形式，如改错,单选等题目。

【基础知识】

一、主谓一致的三个原则

所谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称数、性等方面的协调关系。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致有三种基本原则：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致。

1)语法一致：指句中的动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致。其最基本的规则是：单数主语需要用单数动词复数主语需要用复数动词。如：

No further explanation has been given by them so far 。

到目前为止，他们还没有作出进一步的解释。

2)意义一致：从意义上看眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。如：主语的语法形式为单数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词往往用单数。如：

Bread and butter is what little John enjoys. 小约翰喜欢吃涂有黄油的面包。

(主语加虽有and ，但应作为一个整体看待，即“涂了黄油的面包”。)

3)就近一致：即谓语动词的人称和数往往与最近的主语保持一致。如：-

Not only the students but also teachers should make full use of their time to improve

themselves.

不仅学生而且老师也要充分利用时间提高自己。

二、主谓一致用法应用时注意的问题：

1)当主语为表示“距离”，“时间”,“长度”，“价值”，“金额”，“重量”，“容量”等复数名词时，可以将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Six months is too short a time to learn a language .

六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。

Twenty dollars is what he needs. 20美元是他所需要的。

2)主语后跟with (together with ), as well as ,like ,but ,besides, except, rather than ，along with , no less than, more than, as much as, besides, including, in addition 等引导的词组时，谓语动词的数随主语而定。

Tom ,together with his friends, is going to the park. 汤姆和朋友要去公园。

No one except (but)you knows about the matter. 除了你没人知道这件事。

3)当主语是each , every one of … ,everyone, someone, something ,anyone , anyt hing , none, nothing ,another, neither, little, a little ,much 等，谓语动词用单数。

Nothing is difficult if you put your heart to it .世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Much of what you have said has nothing to do with the topic.

你所说的大多与题目无关。

4)单数名词作主语，若前面被many a ,more than one 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：

Many a pupil is busy preparing their lessons. 许多学生在准备他们的功课。

More than one book has been published on the local economy。

有关本地经济的许多书籍已经出版。

5)当中心词是all, some , any , enough, most , half , the rest , the great part of 等时，其主谓一致一般遵循意义一致原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义支，动词则用单数。

Most of the buildings were damaged in the tsunami.

大部分建筑物在海啸中遭到损坏。

Half of the apple has gone bad. 这只苹果的一半坏了。

6)由并列连词either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also …,not…but …等连接两个主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。

Either you or I am going to be sent there.. 你和我都要被派往那儿去。

Not the teacher but his two classmates have helped to settle it .

是两个学生帮肋解决的。不是老师。

7) a number of 与the number of

a number of 表示“许多”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用复数，可以用great, large 等修饰；the number of 意为“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。如：

A great number of students have passed their final examinations.

许多大学生已通过了最后的考试。

The number of students who have passed the examinations is increasing .

通过考试的学生数量在增加。

8)下列短语与单数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数。A great deal of ,a lot of ,lots of , plenty of ,a quantity of ,quantities of ,a large amount of 等。

A large amount of money is spent on food every year.

每年有大量的资金都用在食物上。

9)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl of the school takes an active part in physical training.

学校的一位男女生都积极参加健身。

No teacher and no student is admitted to the information center except on weekdays .

只有在周末老师和学生才充许到信息中心。

10)单复数相同的名词，如sheep , fish , deer ,swine , means 等作主语时，谓语动词的数必须根据具体意义而定。

The sheep is drinking there .那只绵羊正在那儿饮水。

The sheep are very fat .这些绵羊很肥。

11）单个的动名词，不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。

12)集合名family, class, crew, crowd, group, committee, audience等作主语时, 如果指整体而言,谓语用单数;如果指个体而言则用复数。people, police, cattle 等作主语时,谓语用复数。

13)某些以s结尾的名词,physics, maths, news, the United States作主语时,谓语用单数。

14) “the+adj”结构中, the rich, the blind, the dead, the deaf 等作主语时,谓语用复数而表示抽象概念或个别事物时,the unknown(未知的事物), the unexpected(出乎意料的事情) ,谓语用单数。

15)kind’ type/ form of+ n 作主语时,谓语根据kind/ type/ form的形式而定; half/ the rest /the majority of+n/n.s作主语时,谓语根据名词的数而定; the majority 作主语,谓语可单数也可是复数。

16) there be 结构中,谓语根据最近的名词的数而定。

【考题例解】

1.One third of the country ______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______black people. （湖南卷）

A is ; are

B is ; is

C are ; are

D are ; is

【解析】本题考查主谓一致的用法。根据第一空前的主语One third of the country 表示单数，第二空前的主语trees and the majority of the citizens表示复数，故本题选A。

2.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (安徽卷) A. is B. are C. was D. were

【解析】本题考查主谓一致的用法。根据空格前的the rest of which指代materials和句子的谓语动词used可知本题选D。

3.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （湖南）

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

【解析】根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。所以答案是C。

4.Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand．（四川）

A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is：are

【解析】考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。

5.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress.（全国Ⅱ）A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of ….为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B 。

6.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990. (山东) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been

【解析】本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。所以答案是C。

7.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (陕西)

A. is going to

B. are going to

C. was going to

D. were going to

【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。

8.The teacher together with the students _______discussing Reading Skills that ____newly published in America. (四川17) A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was

【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是The teacher together和Reading Skills，故本题选D。

9.Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (湖南)

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。Either …or…. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。所以答案是B。

10.—Did you go to the show last night? (陕西)

—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.

A.were

B.have been

C.has been

D.was

【解析】主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was，即D选项。

【小试身手】请从下列各题后的A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案：

1. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good

for one’s health. A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are

【解析】本题考查主谓一致。由a survey可知第一个空用shows，首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。

2. After World War II, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country _____ today.

A. as it is

B. as they are

C. as it does

D. as they do

【解析】本题答案选A。

3.WHO, together with the medical workers in the different parts of the world ,_____ trying to

find a way to prevent the disease H1N1 from ______.

A. is; spreading

B. are; spreading

C. are ; spread

D. is ; spread

【解析】本题答案选A。

4._______my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings_______

their duty.

A. Each; are

B. Both; is

C. Neither; are

D. None; is

【解析】本题答案选B。

5.Every day the boy, together with his classmates, ______to go to the playground and ______ football, _____themselves.

A. are noticed; play; enjoying

B. is noticed; plays; enjoying

C. are noticed; plays; enjoys

D. is noticed; play; enjoying

【解析】本题答案选D。

6.Every possible means _____to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used

B. are used

C. have been used

D. has been used

【解析】本题答案选D。

7.Janet as well as the other young people who ____ sent abroad by the government ____ brought up in a small town.

A. was, was

B. was, were

C. were, were

D. were, was

【解析】本题答案选D。

8.He is going to give a lecture, but when and where _____ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided

B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided

D. aren’t decided

【解析】本题答案选A 。

9.Nobody but doctors and those ______ by Dr Zhang ______ to enter the patient’s room.

A. invited; is allowed

B. are invited; are allowed

C. being invited; is allowed

D. being invited; are allowed

【解析】本题答案选A 。

10.The number of children who have lost both parents to Aids to rise, reaching more than 26 million in 2010. A. are expected B. expect C. is expected D. expects

【解析】本题答案选C。

11. of the city two small lakes.

A. The east；lie

B. The east；lies

C. East；lie

D. East；lies

【解析】本题答案选C。

12.All possible means ，but we can’t persuade him to change hi s mind．

A．has tried B．has been tried C．have tried D．have been tried

【解析】本题答案选D。

13.A certain number of tourists _________ complaining about the high accommodation price

高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案

全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）

初中英语语法主谓一致

初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020

I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉

高中英语语法名词练习题

一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f513771459.html,rmations https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f513771459.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致

初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17

(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17

A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17

主谓一致用法详解及练习题 附答案

．主谓一致 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。 1.语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如： Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。 Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。 2.意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。 有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如： The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。 The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。 3.就近原则 就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如： Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。 Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。 主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题， 1.主语为集体名词 (1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一 个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如： Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。（group 指小组成员）Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。（group 指小组整体） The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers. 中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。（前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员） (2)某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如： The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他。 The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。 3.某些名词如equipment（设备），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠宝），clothing（衣服），machinery（机械），表示单数 概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如： A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。 All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。 2.主语为代词 (1)．有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围所有的东西都是物质。 注意： ①在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如： Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard. 他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。 ②each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式, each 用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of, each one of 后 接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。 Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。 Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。

高中英语语法讲解与练习名词

二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.

不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?

高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致

考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析

动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,

2021-2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态

2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）

一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes

初中英语主谓一致语法讲解

初中英语主谓一致语法讲解 （名师总结必考语法知识，值得下载） 1.定义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，同时主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 2.什么叫语法一致原则？ 指当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式，当主语是复数形式时，谓语用复数形式。 例如：Mike________（is / are）a good student. 迈克是个好学生。Mike为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数。 The children often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 孩子们经常在操场上踢足球。 children为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。 3.什么叫意义一致原则？ 指主语形式上为单数，但所表达的意义为复数，因此谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：My family ________（is / are）having lunch now. 我们一家人

现在正吃午饭。 Family指一家人，所以谓语用复数。 Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 Twenty dollars这里是一个单独的个体，所以意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 4.什么叫就近一致原则？ 指谓语动词的单复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。 例如：Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 Like前面的主语为students,故根据就近原则谓语动词用复数形式。 There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 Be动词后面靠近它的是a pen,所以谓语动词用单数形式。 5.常见用法： 1）主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为