中考英语八大时态讲解与专项练习

中考英语语法总复习之动词八大时态

【学习目标】：

初中阶段八种时态的结构及其用法。

【学习过程】：

I. 概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。所以，动词的时态就是指动词在某一个时间段内应当采取的相应动词形态。我们已经学过的八种时态分别是：

1. _______________

2. _______________

3. _______________

4._______________

5. _______________

6. _______________

7. _______________

8. _______________ Step 1中考英语八大时态讲解与练习

1．一般现在时

a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day等。

I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。

There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。

◆b．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理

The earth is round. 地球是圆的.

The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。

◆c．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。

I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。

动词三单形式的变化规则：

1.大多数动词直接+s

2.以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es

一般现在时专项练习题

用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

2.一般过去式

动词过去式的构成：

(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：

①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。

③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。

④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。

(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。

a．表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。

He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。

She wasn't at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。

Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？

b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。

Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school.

玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。

一般过去时专项练习题：

1．My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．

A．isn't B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't

2．＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖

A．Is B．Was C．Are D．Were

3．The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year．They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．A．are; were B．were; are C．was; are D．were; was

4．＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖A．Was; before B．Is; before C．Was; after D．Is; after

5．—Who was on duty last Friday﹖

—＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A．I am B．I was C．Yes, I was D．No, I wasn't

二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)

1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.

2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she

_________.

3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.

4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.

5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.

She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.

3．一般将来时

a．表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。

常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。

I'll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。

He won't go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。

Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗？

b．没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。

I don't know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。

Don't worry, he will be there on time. 别着急，他会准时在那儿。

c．表示将来经常发生的动作。

From now on I'll get up early every morning. 从今以后，我每天早晨早起。

注意：

1）be going to这个结构表示：a．即将发生的动作；

b．主语打算或准备要做的事；

c．说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。

be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。

例如：We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。

How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期？

Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。

He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。

They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你。

一般将来时专题练习题

1、选择填空

1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to

B. will going to be

C. is going to be

D. will go to be

2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t work ing

B. doesn’t working

C. isn’t going to working

D. won’t work

3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.

A. will be; is

B. is; is

C. will be; will be

D. is; will be

4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was

B. is going to have

C. will have

D. is going to be

5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?

– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.

A. Are; going to; will

B. Are; going to be; will

C. Are; going to; will be

D. Are; going to be; will be

6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.

A. will give

B. will give

C. gives

D. give

7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?

–________. （不，不要。）

A. No, you won’t.

B. No, you aren’t.

C. No, please don’t.

D. No, please.

8. – Where is the morning paper?

– I ________ if for you at once.

A. get

B. am getting

C. to get

D. will get

9. ________ a concert next Saturday?

A. There will be

B. Will there be

C. There can be

D. There are

10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.

A. have

B. will have

C. had

D. would have

4．现在进行时

表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。

肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词

否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词

一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?

变化规则

1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)

2.去掉不发音的e+ing (例：biting，leaving, making, coming, writing. ）

注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing .

4. 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning, getting, putting, running, stopping cutting, controlling

a．表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。

Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？

He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他。

b．在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。

The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。

c．有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die 等。

He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了.

Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。

注意：

1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。

Stop, I am thinking. 停下来，我正在想问题呢。

2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。

He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。

现在进行时专项练习题

（）1.我在照看孩子.

(A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby.

(C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.

( )2._____friend's making______a kite.

(A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his

( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher?

(A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having

( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework

(A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking

( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.

(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where

( )6.Is she____something?

(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats

( )7.你在干什么?

(A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do ？

(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?

( )8.What are you listening_____?

(A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to

( )9.我正在听他说话.

(A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him.

(C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him.

( )10.They are_____their clothes.

(A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on

(

5.过去进行时

表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。

I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信。

He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 当我昨晚回家的时候他正在看电视

一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它

Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.

Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它

过去进行时专项练习题

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.

2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing.

3. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV.

4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio.

5. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.

二、选择题。

1. I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.

a. cooked, were ringing

b. was cooking, rang

c. was cooking, were ringing

d. cooked, rang

2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

a. tries

b. tried

c. was trying

d. will try

3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

a. was watching, was hearing

b. watched, was hearing

c. watched, heard

d. was watching, heard

4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

a. were watching

b. watch

c. watched

d. are watching

5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

a. did, read, was seeing

b. did, read, saw

c. were, reading, saw

d. were, reading, was seeing

6. 现在完成时：

基本结构：主语+have/has+ done

①肯定句：主语+have/has+ done+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+ not+ done+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+宾语.

肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.

否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't .

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+done+其他）

用法：1.常与for （+时间段）,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段 为…时间 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

标志词：already （肯定）, yet （否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, ever, never, ...times(次数).

◆ 瞬间性动词可表示某一动作的完成 但是当后面有表示一段时间的状语时

要变

成相应的延续性动词

◆ 瞬间性动词改为延续性动词： have (has) been to +某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。 have (has) gone to +某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。

【拓展】

一般过去时与现在完成时的相互转换:

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：

①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago ”的一般过去时的句型中；

②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；

③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is 来代替It has been ；

④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。如： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.

D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

现在完成时专项练习题

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever

D.still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

A. just

B. ago

C.before

D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing

B.was writing

C.wrote

D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A.has changed ; well

B.changed ; good

C.has changed ; better

D.changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying

B. will ; study

C. has ; studied

D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know

B. had known

C. have known

D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .

A.will see

B.have seen

C.saw

D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished

B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished

D.will ; do ; finish

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)

have they been here?

3、The old man _______ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7. 过去完成时：

基本结构：主语+had+ done

①肯定句：主语+had+ done

②否定句：主语+had+not+ done

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+ done?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not .

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句（Had+主语+done）？

⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+ done

用法：A 由时间状语来判定。

(1) by + 过去的时间点。I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

(3) before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

B.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前

已经发生或完成的动作，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。

◆(1) 宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句She said that she had seen the film before.

(2) 状语从句中,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

(3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

过去完成时专项练习题

一. 单项选择

1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been

B. where I had gone

C. where had I been

D. where had I gone

2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do

B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done

3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned

B. was learning

C. had learned

D. learnt

4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few

B. has, several

C. had, a lot of

D. has, a great deal of

5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already.

A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked

6. She said she __D________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

7. She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war.

A. has hidden, from

B. had hidden, from

C. has hidden, with

D. had hidden, with

8. By the time he was ten years old, he ___D______.

A. has completed university

B. has completed the university

B. had completed an university D. had completed university

9. She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.

A. for

B. in

C. by

D. at

10. He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.

A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano

C. has learned, the piano

D. learns ,piano.

8. 过去将来时

概念：

时间状语：the next day（morning，year．．．），the following month（week．．．），…

基本结构：①was／were／going to ＋do；②would／should ＋do

否定形式：①was／were／not＋going to ＋do；②would／should ＋not＋do

1）构成

过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。

2）用法

a．用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。

They said they would go to visit the second factory.

他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。

The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday.

老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。

b．过去将来时也可由“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表示。

She said she was going to see her uncle.

她说她要去看望她的叔叔。

c．有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。

I didn't have much time to talk with you became I was leaving for Shanghai in two hours.

我没有多少时间跟你谈话了，因为再过两个小时我就要动身去上海。

注意：

“would+动词原形”有时并不表示过去将来时，而表示一种客气的请求。

Would you please open the window?

过去将来时专项练习题

1.---The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.

---Well, he said he _____here on time.

A came

B would come

C can be

D will be

2. She _____that she _____ her best to help them the next term.

A. says…will do

B. said…will do

C. said… would do

D. says…would do

3. Jack _____ that they _____ surprised to see it this Friday.

A. know… would be

B. knows… will be

C. knew… would be

D. knew… will be

4. She ____ ill so she ____ able to go skating the next day.

A. is… won't be

B. is… wouldn't be

C. was… won't be

D. was… wouldn't be

5. He _____ the thief to the police when he _____ the man again.

A. would take… would meet

B. would take…met

C. will take… will meet

D. will take… meet

6.Li Ming said he ___happy if Brian ____to China next month.

A was; come

B was; would come

C would be; came

D will be; come Step 2 变换规则归纳总结

附表2：动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则：

巧记ABB型:

巧记ABC型:

巧记AAA型:

击中、受伤、让、吐痰、去掉、花费、读、放、砍

hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut

附表3：常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换

附表4：动词时态的概念结构表

Step 3 家庭作业--动词时态能力综合练习

（）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.

A. washing

B. washes

C. has washed

D. wash

（）2.I’m Chinese. Where______from?

A. do you come

B. you are coming

C. you come

D. are you coming

（）3.May______to school.

A. never walks

B. is never walking

C. walk never

D. never is walking

（）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. is coming

（）5.How long ago______playing football?

A. have you stopped

B. had you stopped

C. did you stop

D. do you stop

（）6.It______ hard when I left my house .

A. is raining

B. rains

C. was raining

D. will rain

（）7.I think this question______to answer.

A. easy

B. is easy

C. was easy

D. will easy

（）8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______.

A. sleeps

B. is sleeping

C. slept

D. had slept

（）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病)？

A. are dying

B. is dying

C. has died

D. dies

（）10.I______my homework now.

A. finish

B. finished

C. have finished

D. had finished （）11.He______for three years.

A. has joined

B. has been in the army

C. joined

D. has served the army

（）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.

A. died

B. was dead

C. has been dead

D. has died

（）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.

A. not have heard

B. have not heard

C. have heard not

D. do not hear

（）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.

A. has

B. have

C. are

D. is

（）15.—Did your brother go to America last year? —______.

A. No , he did never go there

B. No , he has never gone here

C. No , he never was there

D. No , he’s never been there

（）16.He______ that factory since 1958.

A. has left

B. has worked in

C. has gone from

D. has come to

C. have happened

D. are taken place

（）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.

A. went

B. had gone

C. has gone

D. has been

（）https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f57302146.html,st week John______his leg.

A. felt and broken

B. fell and broke

C. feels and breaks

D. fallen and broken

（）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.

A. puts on

B. put on

C. takes on

D. took on

（）20.He______the picture on the wall.

A. hanged

B. hung

C. has hanged

D. was hanged

答案：

1. B

2. A

3. A

4. A

5. C

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13.

B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A

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