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语法复习题

语法复习题
语法复习题

第五章语法

一、填空题

1.实词和虚词最大的不同是虚词不能单独充当成分。

2.词类指的是词在语言结构中表现出来的类别,对汉语词进行分类,必须以词的为依据。

3.词的语法功能是指词的。

4.词的分类是逐级进行的,首先根据能否作句法成分,可以把词分为实词和

两大类。

5.语气词经常附着在句末,表示某种语气,普通话里最常见的语气词有

6.副词的语法特点是一般只能充当。

7.代词可以分为人称代词、指示代词、。

8.助词包括结构助词、动态助词、以及“所、似的”等其他助词。9.现代汉语的五种基本短语是偏正短语、动宾短语、中补短语、主谓短语、联合短语,它们是根据来分类的。

10.在偏正词组中,起限制或描写作用的成分叫修饰语,被修饰的是。

12.兼语词组中的兼语成分对于前边的动词来说是支配对象,对后边的动词性成分来说是。

13.兼语是由一个动宾词组和词组套合而成。

14.“今天春节”是关系的词组。

15.“从黄河游泳”从结构关系上看是词组。

16.句子是能够表达一个相对完整意思的语言单位,每一个句子都有一定的

,表示不同的语气。

17.从主语关系上看,主语可以分为施事主语、受事主语、。18.根据结构关系,单句可分为主谓句和。

19.根据主谓句中谓语的性质和特点可以把主谓句分为四种,即名词谓语句、动词谓语句、形容词谓语句和句。

20.由连动短语充当谓语的句子称。

21.由兼语短语充当谓语的句子是。

22.复句一般可以分为联合复句和两类。

23.复句是由两个或两个以上的组成的句子。

24.在复句中用来连接分句并表明分句之间关系的连词、副词和短语,统称

25.句子的语气一般分为陈述、、祈使、感叹四种。

26.根据结构特点,疑问句可以分为是非问、特指问、、正反问。

27.就词性来说,“突然”是形容词,“忽然”是。

28.就词性来说,“正在”是副词,“现在”则是。

29.就词性来看,“的、地、得”是助词中的。

30.根据结构关系,单句可分为主谓句和非主谓句。非主谓句是根据整体功能确定其下位句型的,主谓句的下位句型是根据确定的。

31.从结构关系看,词组除五种基本类型外,还有连动词组、、同位词组等类型。

32.从结构关系看,“他自己、西岳华山、校长蔡元培”等是词组。33.“教育部门同志的想法”中的定语是。

34.按结构宾语的词语的性质可以把宾语分为和谓词性宾语。

35.根据中补关系情况和补语的自身特点,补语可以分为结果补语、、可能补语、状态补语、程度补语、数量补语、时间处所补语七类。

36.“母亲最大的特点是一生不曾脱离劳动”中“是”是动词,“他是老想着大伙

儿”中的“是”是词。

37.“被”字句是受事主语,用介词“被”引进的句式。

38.“除非水很浅,船才开不进来”是关系的复句。

二、单项选择题

1.下列各项词性相同的一组是( )

A. 现在,正在B.绿,绿化

C. 的,着D.突然,果然

2.可以填人标题“《农村政策问题》”空格处的最恰当的介词是( )

A. 对 B.对于 C.关于 D.至于

3.词的语法功能是指词的( )

A.意义 B.表达作用

C.构造方式 D.组合能力

4.一般能受“不”修饰的词是( )

A. 名词、介词 B.动词、形容词

C.动词、数词 D. 形容词、名词

5.“红着脸”中“红”的词性是( )

A.动词 B.形容词 C.介词 D.副词

6.“几乎、尤其、有点”是( )

A.表示时间、频率的副词 B.表示情态、方式的副词

C.表示语气的副词 D.表示程度的副词

7.“小王所知道的”、“雷锋似的”中“所”“的”“似的”

( )

A.有两个助词 B.有一个助词

C.都是助词 D. 都是语气词

8.“刘老师在讲课”中的“在”是( )

A.介词 B.动词 C.副词 D.连词

9.可以填入“闲人出去”一句话空格处的最佳词语是

( )

A.一致 B.一共 C.一切 D.一律

10.“他十点钟到北京的”中的“的”是( )

A.结构助词 B.动态助词 C.语气词 D.肯定副词

11.可以填人“他心里在想什么我不知道”一句话空格处的最佳词语是( )

A.一概 B.一共 C.一切 D.一律

12.“猫和老鼠同行”和“你别和稀泥”中两个“和”的词性依次是( )

A. 连词、动词 B.连词、介词

C.介词、动词 D.介词、连词

13.“铁将军把门”和“把门开开”中两个“把”的两个词性依次是( ) A.介词、介词 B。动词、介词

C.介词、动词 D.动词、动词

14.“怎么样、怎样、什么样”是( )

A.指示代词 B.人称代词

C.疑问代词 D.副词

15.“咬一口、打一拳、踢一脚”等词组中的“口、拳、脚”是( ) A.动量词 B.名词 C.名量词 D.个体量词

16.下列哪组词语都是名词( )

A.桌子上、箱子里、车厢下面

B.晚上、心里、海外

C.五十以外、松树旁、比赛中间

D.两米之内、政治上、大战前

17.“北京大学”和“北京的大学”的区别是( )

A.结构不同,前者是同位词组,后者是偏正词组

B.涵义不同,前者是专有名称,专指一所大学,后者指设在北京的所有大学

C.语义关系不同,前者是修饰关系,后者是说明关系

D.功能不同,前者是名词性词组,后者是形容词性词组

18.下列哪组都是副词( )

A. 偶然偶尔忽然 B.突然忽然猛然

C.偶然突然偶尔 D.忽然猛然偶尔

19.下列表述中,哪组中的数词是序数词( )

A.一月二月三月四月

B.一天两天三天四天

C. 一年两年三年四年

D. 一刻两刻三刻四刻

20.下列属于述宾词组的是( )

A. 独立思考B.开拖拉机的

C.同意请小王来 D.上街买菜

21.下列属于联合词组的是( )

A.市场繁荣 B.表达见解

C.鼓励帮助 D.购买物品

22.下列词组属于偏正词组的是( )

A.厂长王祥来一下前途光明

B.方向明确看仔细修理电视

C.想起来干下去明确任务

D.伟大祖国好天气一碗豆腐

23.“战士们性格温和”是( )

A.偏正词组 B. 主谓词组

C.联合词组 D. 述补词组

24.“下午我们读一份学习文件”中的“学习文件”是( )

A. 偏正词组 B.述宾词组

C.联合词组 D.述补词组

25.下列词组属于联合词组的是( )

A.安徽上海又唱又跳支持或反对

B.微笑着说安徽黄山站着不动

C.东岳泰山老王同志张校长

D.走进去严肃地对待坐下去

26.下列词组中属于主谓词组的是( )

A.屋里坐来人明年二月

B.让他去站着说明天晚上

C.目标明确今天国庆节心情很好

D.说说看去打电话校长老王

27.“倒杯茶喝”是( )

A. 连动词组 B.兼语词组

C.主谓词组 D.述宾词组

28.下列属于述宾词组的是( )

A.觉得有趣喜欢说谎来了客人

B.客人没来笑着说说下去

C. 能去听清楚今天星期日

D.不走也行送小李上学走慢了

29.下列不是连动词组的是( )

A.躺着看书 B.改革开放

C.进来读报 D.握着手不放

30.“叫你去”是( )

A.主谓词组 B.动宾词组

C.补充词组 D.兼语词组

31.“今天教室里有很多学生”中( )

A.主语是“今天”

B.主语是“教室里”

C.“今天教室里”构成双主语

D.主语是“学生”

32.句首时间、处所名词是主语的句子是( )

A.北方经常下雪 B.在南方有时也下雪

C.前天老王回了北京 D.从明天起放假三天

33.宾语是( )

A.动词的支配对象

B.动词的影响对象

C. 谓词的支配、影响对象

D.受前面动词支配、影响的对象

34.补语是( )

A.动词的补充说明成分

B.形容词的补充说明成分

C.助动词的补充说明成分

D.对前边谓词性成分的补充说明成分·

35.下列表述中,补语是结果补语的是( )

A.做得不好、气得浑身是病、飞回了南方、合得来

B.安排得不太好、制造出新产品来、说不得、高兴极了

C.说清楚、看明白、听懂、盖好

D.跳下去、快活死了、去了三次、看不得.36.“这件事我早就知道了”中“这件事”是( ) A.主语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.定语37.下列表述中,动词后的数量词是宾语的是( ) A.去一趟 B.玩了三天

C.说了两次 D.买了一斤

38.下列表述中,动词后的数量词是补语的是( ) A.看了两页 B.看了一本

C.看了第一章 D.看了两遍

39.下列表述中,是受事主语句的是( )

A. 作业孩子已经做好了。 B.孩子还没有做好作业。

C.作业是昨天布置的。D.孩子把作业做好了。

40.下列表述中,是施事主语句的是( )

A. 饭已经吃完了。 B.他姓王。

C.小王去了上海。 D.这件事跟我无关。

41.状语是( )

A.动词的修饰成分

B.名词的修饰成分

C.形容词的修饰成分

D.谓词性偏正词组中的修饰成分

42.偏正词组作修饰语的词组是( )

A.一辆崭新的凤凰自行车

B.我的那位开汽车的好朋友

C.他爸爸的上级的孩子

D.伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党

43.从下面的句子中选出主谓词组作主语的句子( )

A.他们要知道的就是远景规划问题。

B.我们一定要提倡说老实话。

C.新到这个地方的人,对这种现象很感兴趣。

D.他去北京是去年的事。

44.“我建议派一个同志去一趟”是( )

A.连动句 B.兼语词组作宾语

C.兼语句 D.连动词组作宾语

45.下列表述中,不是主谓谓语句的是( )

A. 杭州,我知道那是天堂一样的地方。

B.杭州风景很美。

C.杭州我去年去过。

D.他连杭州还没有去过呢。

46.下列句子中,哪一个句子中的“是”是副词( )

A.这件是在商店里买的。 B.那是小王的。

C. 这孩子是老王家的。D.老王下午是不会来的。

47.下列表述中,“得”后的成分是补语的是( )

A. 看得很累 B.值得看

C.懂得看 D.觉得看明白了

48.“浓云重得像山,远山淡得像云,是这里最常见的景色”是( ) A.单句 B.并列复句

C.联合词组作谓语 D.二重复句

49.“只有在艰苦的条件下,才能锻炼身体”是( )

A. 复句 B.单句

C.包含两个分句 D.假设条件句

50.下列表述中,是连动句的是( )

A.敌人撤退到蓝村后就停下来了。

B.红军接到命令撤回待命。

C.他一来就不断地指手画脚。

D.小船驶过海湾,在暗礁中穿梭。

51.“不是人们的意识决定人们的社会存在,而是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识”是( )

A. 转折复句 B.选择复句

C.递进复句 D.并列复句

52.“小王是今天坐火车去北京的”这句话肯定的重点是( ) A.今天 B.坐火车 C.去北京 D.小王

53.“你是不是北京人?”是( )

A.是非问 B.特指问 C.选择问 D.正反问54.“小王唱了一支歌,小李跳了一个舞,小张表演了一段快板”是( )

A. 并列复句 B.连贯复句

C.递进复句 D.选择复句

55.“因为天气的变化,我们浏览云台山的计划取消了。”( ) A.包含两个分句 B.是因果复句

C.句中“因为”是连词 D.是单句

三、判断题

1、在现代汉语中,名词是不能充当谓语的。()

2、程度副词是不能修饰所有形容词的。()

3、“两个穿红衣服的”是一个同位短语。()

4、“跑在运动场上”是动宾短语,“在运动场上跑”是连谓短语。()

5、“游泳可以锻炼人的身体。”中的主语由名词“游泳”担任。()

6、介词短语总是由一个介词和一个名词或者一个以名词为中心语的偏正短语

构成的。()

7、非主谓句是由词或短语构成的句子。()

8、“王老师看见小张和小王坐在一张板凳上。”是主谓短语作宾语的句子,是

动词谓语句。()

9、我们可以说“很舒服”,因为“舒服”是形容词,不可以说“很出发”,因为

“出发”是动词,所以程度副词“很”不能修饰所有的动词。()

10、“我、你、他”分别表示第一第二第三人称,“这里、那里”分别指称处所,

所以,代词的语法功能相当于名词。()

11、现代汉语的介词大都从古代汉语中的动词演变过来,所以介词都兼有动词

的用法。()

12、连词不但可以连接词和短语,还可以连接分句。()

13、“他是踢足球的”中的“的”是助词,“他会踢足球的”中的“的”是语气词。

()

14、“培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力”是动宾短语。()

15、“拿来一本书”是中补短语,“拿一本书来”是动宾短语。()

16、“他叫我哥哥。”中的“我哥哥”是动词“叫”的双宾语。()

17、“学生唱着歌跳着舞涌进运动场。”是连谓句。()

18、现代汉语中的形容词都可以充当定语和谓语。()

19、叹词和拟声词是实词当中比较特殊的,因为这两类词都不跟别的词发生关系。

()

20、把短语分成主谓短语、动宾短语、偏正短语、中补短语、联合短语等类别,主要

根据是短语内部的结构层次。()

21、动词、形容词为中心语的句法结构不一定是谓词性句法结构。()

22、“只生一个孩子好”是一个主谓短语。()

23、“你这人太没劲了!”和“太没劲了,你这人!”属于同一句型。()

24、存现句的句首出现介词时就变成了非主谓句。()

25、主谓谓语句都能变换成一般谓语句。()

四、名词解释

1.语法

2.实词

3.双宾句

4.虚词

5.兼语短语

6.句子

7.语素 8.短语 9.祈使句 10.方位短语 11.疑问句 12.非主谓句

五、辨析题

1、指出下列句中带点的词的词性。

(1)与.天奋斗,乐趣是无穷

..的。

(2)我们谈谈语言学以及和

...语言学有关的一些问题。

(3)今天天气是.热,别人

..都不上班了。

(4)他的品德可用.四季常情的松柏来比方

..。

2、比较下列两组句子中加着重号的词在词性上、作用上有什么不同?

为什么?

甲:(1)我们昆明的青年决不会让你们这样蛮干下去的.!

(2)刚才出力摇船的.就是他。

乙:(1)铁路管理局送来通知,说枕木用完了.。

(2)工人文化宫,我的确去过了.。

3、用框式图解法分析下列复杂短语的层次。

(1)走在后头的人要加油

(2)这位新来的客人我不认识

(3)谁是最可爱的人

(4)浓浓的长长的眉毛和一双不大不小的眼睛

(5)世界珍贵稀有动物熊猫的故乡中国

4、下面这个句子是单句还是复句?为什么?

即使过往的大雁那迷人的歌声,也不会扰乱他们古朴宁静的心。

5、比较下列句子,指出它们在结构上的区别。

(1)他身披雨衣,又戴着草帽。

(2)他披上雨衣,又戴上草帽。

6、指出下列各句的句型及其小类。

(1)这台计算机学校的。()(2)他给我们以武器。()(3)他的话意味深长。()(4)别忘了带雨伞。()(5)老王劝他赶快骑车去请医生。()(6)他按照实际情况把事情的经过又说了一遍。()(7)伍子胥过昭关一夜白了头。()(8)多么激动人心的场面啊!()

7、指出下列短语的类型。

坐在床上()来了三位()

敢想敢说()领导带头()

放学之前()派他完成()

卖菜的()拍着手笑()

我们三个人()对这些人()

8、指出下面各句的句型,并分析句子成分。

(1)风景美丽的西双版纳吸引了成千上万的有志气的有抱负的知识青年进入橡胶园。()(2)为了保护羊群,英雄的小姐妹——玉荣和龙梅同暴风雪搏斗了一天一夜。()(3)鲁迅先生小心地翻阅着方志敏同志利用敌人要他写“自白书”的笔墨写成的文稿:一篇《清贫》,一篇《可爱的中国》。()

(4)银行法对中国金融业的发展意义重大。

()

9、分析下列多重复句。

(1)地方那么大,事情那么多,我知道的太少了,虽然我生在那里,一直到27岁才离开。

(2)没有知识,工人就无法做好工作;有了知识,工人才能更好地完成任务。

10、指出下列各词的词性。

国家()丰富()逊色()桔红色()红()金子()金()新()

拿()以()通过()谁()

轰隆()唉()吧()乒()

啪()可怜()高兴()说服()11、指出下列短语的类型。

进攻三次()唱得很好()

工作顺利()打扫干净()

是学生()是很好()

吃穿不愁()衣食住行()

学习时间()走出去()

木头的()书记老张()

12、运用符号标记法分析下列句子。

(1)生长在江南的同志们看见这些水墨画高兴得

直鼓掌。

(2)在战争年代,人们对一身灰布制服,一件本色的粗毛线衣,或者自己打的一副手套,一双草鞋,

都很有感情。

(3)我所遇到的毕竟还是好人多于坏人。

(4)荧光屏幕上密密麻麻的飞机起飞时刻表和飞机抵达时刻表,绿光闪烁。

13、指出下列句子的句型。

(1)请问枕巾一对多少钱?()(2)这样做是不对的。()(3)一九九九年的国庆节。()(4)一年五十二个星期。()(5)好一派热气腾腾的劳动气氛。()(6)人们没有一个不为他的精神所感动。()(7)他把读了这本书的心得体会又写了一篇。()(8)海峡两岸心连心。()

14、分析下列多重复句。

(1)因为我们是为人民服务的,所以我们如果有缺点,就不怕别人

批评指出。

(2)谁要是工作起来马马虎虎的,不管他说得多么动听,人们也不会信任他。

六、简答题

1.举例说明宾语和补语的区别。

2.以“我希望他早点来。”和“我请他早点来。”为例,说明兼语句与

主谓短语作宾语句的区别。(4分)

3.什么叫非主谓句?它分为哪些类型?试举例说明。

4.名词有哪些特点?

5.如何区分现代汉语中两个不同的“的”?

6.有人说,宾语就是动词的受事。这种说法对吗?为什么?

7.举例说明什么是双宾语。并指出能带双宾语的动词?

8.主谓句有那几类?试举例说明。

9.如何辨析形容词和副词?请举例说明。

10.如何区分现代汉语中两个不同的“是”?

11.连谓句和兼语句有什么不同?

12.“把”字句的特点有哪些?

八、改错题

(一)下列句子中有用词错误的地方,指出错误并说明理由。

1.他已经是经理了,但从不大手大脚,常想着为公司节俭一些开支。

2.加工前要仔细检查机器,哪怕有稍微的故障,也必须排除。

3.这个单位效益很好,月收入就收成了两千多元。

4.老张虽然年逾花甲,但精力充满。

5.老王虽然退休了,但为人正直,工作很认认真真。

6.这幢房子一共只有两层,我家住两楼,他家住底楼。

7.改进工艺之后,大型刺绣由十天完成一幅变为五天完成一幅,时间缩短了一倍。

8.这家医院外科的治愈率已由百分之八十上升了百分之九十三。

9.醉白池在松江镇南,是一座有两百多年历史的古园。

11.我整整花了两个小时左右才读完这本书。

12.我们学校凡十八岁以上的都参加了这次选举,十八岁以下的因没有选举权,故不能参加。

15.“小李,你留在这儿画吧,咱们走了。”小王说。

(二)修改下列病句,并说明原因。

34.上次从你校借来的讲义,目前正在进行打印,大约星期一前可以发到同学手中。

36.锣鼓震天响,彩旗迎风扬,建筑队终于破土动工了。

37.敌人散布种种捏造,妄图破坏我们的团结。

38.最近几年,舞台艺术片生产了不少好的作品。

39.去年高考时,有人认为肯定会考作文,谁知打开题目一看,完全不是这么一回事。

40.他们的工作是辛苦的,对他们生活上的实际困难,应引起我们的重视。

41.在下半场的比赛中,队员们表现出意志、速度,最后转败为胜。

43.当听到噩耗传来时,大家都禁不住大哭起来。

44.系主任在新同学进校以后,先把班里的干部一一谈心。

(三)下列句子有成分残缺或搭配不当的错误,指出并说明理由。

45.通过他的教学经验的报告,使我深切地感到教育事业是崇高的。

47.在人类掌握了最新的科学技术的今天,已经能够揭示月球的奥秘了。

48.我在被大学录取之后,同学们都向我表示祝贺。

51.天安门的灯火辉煌,更显得雄伟壮丽。

52.他最近写的那篇文章,内容和见解都很丰富。

53.祖国的山河,汹涌澎湃。

55.东风吹来,月光、树影一齐晃动起来。

56.我的身体、思想水平和业务能力,都大有提高。

59.深入了解情况,是一个干部对群众负责与否的表现。

61.五月的北京是风景最美丽的季节。

66.《阿Q正传》是一部描写一个落后的不觉悟的农民阿Q悲惨一生。

67.今年下半年,我们学校光荣退休了两位老教师。

68.老师说,他明天上午有课,不能到车站相送你们了。

70.为了迎接国庆,报上连续发表介绍我国科学技术新成就。

71.这座影剧院的设计具有严整合理、美观大方、宽敞舒适、声光并佳。

72.他伤势严重,医生正在为他进行手术尽力抢救。

73.我们要把下学期的工作加以妥善步骤,克服忙乱现象。

74.《今夜星光灿烂》刻画了一群年轻战士为新中国的诞生耐而英勇献身的光辉事迹。

84.在奥运会上,被他打破了三项世界纪录。

(五)下列句子有语序不当、搭配不当等错误,指出并说明理由。

1.外宾对我国的民间艺术,特别是工艺美术的成就,高度给予评价。

106.全国解放前夕,各地进步报社先后被查封、停刊、捣毁……

109.他几十年如一日,把毕生的精力倾注在党的教育事业上了。

111.从我上大学的第一天起,就坚持每天自修两小时。

113.提高文学和语言的修养,对于广大青年是十分需要的。

114.教练员临场指挥是否得当,运动员技巧发挥是否良好,将决定

这场比赛的胜利。

116.他诚恳地指出并纠正我的不足之处。

117.我们要对人民负责,有了错误不应该无所谓态度。

119.严重违法乱纪的人,必将受到严肃的法纪。

123.他热情地回答我们关于科技信息咨询服务。

124.他们开创了建筑施工的新局面,半年竣工一座28层的高层建筑。

(六)改正下列复句中的错误,并说明理由:

125.大家如果不认真学好语文,就不会有较高的思想水平。

126.在抢险防洪的战斗中,经过四个多小时惊心动魄地和洪水搏斗,同志们奋不顾身地跳进了汹涌澎湃的激流,保住了大坝,战胜了洪水。

127.由于这次事故,淮海中路宛平路地段的交通为此封闭了近3个

小时,26路电车改由淮海路余庆路驶往徐家汇。

129.因为作者没有很好地掌握主题,单凭主观想像,加入了许多不必要的情节和人物,反而大大地削弱了作品的思想性和艺术性。

131.任何事情,只要努力去做,才能做好。

137.不管当地气候条件极端不利,考察队员们终于圆满地完成了建站和南极考察任务。

139.三年来,我们战胜了不少困难,然而取得了显著成绩。

140.如果路比较远,可是坐车去,还是很快可以赶到的。

143.虽然成绩再大,你也不能骄傲啊1

147.日本艺术家的演出,博得了各界观众热烈的欢迎,对这次成功的演出给予了很高的评价。

(七)修改下列句子,并说明理由。

151.难道能否认《红楼梦》不是一部很好的古典文学作品吗?

152.当然,我们并不否认这部影片没有不足之处,例如某些对话显然是过多过长了些。

153.在目前的情况下,只有找井开渠,才能避免庄稼少受损失。

155.难道古往今来,没有哪一场真正的革命,不是大大推动社会生产力发展的吗?

156.这个讨论会解决了一个长期来没能解决的问题,谁能否认这次会议没有取得很大的成功呢?

157.地震的时候,他正出差在外,所以幸免没有遇难。

158.没有人不觉得这件事是很奇怪的吗?

161.凡是艺术团到达的城市,都毫无例外地受到当地人民的热烈欢迎。

162.风夹着豆大的雨点哗哗地下了起来。

163.今天上午,教研室在研究了这个问题之后,我和张老师都去找

班主任谈了一下组里的意见。

164.对老老实实做工作的科学家,如果在学术问题上有分歧,仍然

应该受到尊重,“不以言废人”,“不以人废言”。

165.在碰到许多具体问题上,大家的看法并不完全相同。

170.如果把正确的学习态度不放在第一位,我们的工作就不可能

搞好。

171.到目前为止的五年多来,小王坚持每天早上锻炼半个小时。

172.今年该教研室又获南京市教育先进单位称号,他们个人也都

列为南京市先进教育工作者的行列。

173.经过这次学习,终于把持不同观点的同学觉悟过来。

175.南京长江大桥是双层铁路、公路两用桥,铁路桥和公路桥都

由正桥和引桥组成。

标准答案

一、填空题

1、句法

2、语法功能

3、词的组合能力

4、虚词

5、的、了、呢、吧、

吗、啊6、状语7、疑问代词8、比况 9、结构 10、中心语12、

陈述对象 13、主谓 14、主谓 15、偏正关系短语(状中短语) 16、

语调 17、中性主语 18、非主谓句 19、主谓谓语句 20、连谓句

21、兼语句 22、偏正 23、分句 24、关联词语 25、疑问 26、

选择问 27、副词 28、名词 29、结构助词 30、谓语性质31、

兼语词组32、同位33、“教育部门同志”34、名词性35、情态

36、副词37、施事38、条件

二、单项选择题

1、C

2、C

3、D

4、B

5、A

6、D

7、C

8、C

9、D

10、C 11、A 12、A 13、B 14、C 15、A 16、B

17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C 21、C 22、D 23、B

24、A 25、A 26、C 27、A 28、A 29、B 30、D 31、B

32、A 33、A 34、D 35、C 36、A 37、D 38、D 39、A

40、C 41、D 42、C 43、D 44、B 45、D 46、D 47、A

48、A 49、B 50、B 51、D 52、A 53、D 54、A 55、D

三、判断题

1、×

2、√

3、×

4、×

5、×

6、×

7、×

8、√

9、√ 10、× 11、× 12、√ 13、√ 14、√ 15、×

16、√ 17、√ 18、× 19、× 20、√ 21、√ 22、√

23、√ 24、√ 25、√

四、名词解释

1、语法:语法是词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律。语法这个术语有两个

含义,一个指语法结构规律本身;另一个指语法学。

2、实词:有词汇意义和语法意义、能充当句法成分的词。

3、双宾句:谓语中心之后出现指人和指事物两种宾语的句子。前一个叫近宾语,

后一个叫远宾语。

4、虚词:没有词汇意义光有语法意义,不能充当句法成分的词叫虚词。

5、兼语短语:由前一动词的宾语兼做后一动词或形容词的主语,即动宾短语的宾

语和主谓短语的主语套叠,形成一个宾语兼主语的兼语。

6、句子:具有一个句调,能够表达一个相对完整的意思的语言单位。

7、语素:是语言中最小的音义结合的构词单位,是语言的备用单位。

8、短语:语义上和语法上都能搭配而没有句调的一组词,是造句的备用单位。

9、祈使句:要求对方做或不要做某事的句子。

五、辨析题

1、(1)介词、形容词(2)连词、介词(3)副词、代词(4)介词、动词

2、甲组1句中的“的”和乙组1句的“了”是语气词,起加强陈述语气的作用,因为

它们都附在句末,“的”后不能补出中心语,如果把它们去掉,句意不会改变;甲

组2句的“的”是结构助词,因为“的”后可补出中心语,如果去掉“的”,句意

就改变了,乙组2句的“了”是动态助词,因为“了”位于动词后,表示动作行为

的完成。

3、用框式图解法分析下列复杂短语的结构层次

(1)走在后头的人要加油

主谓

定中状中

中补

(2)这位新来的客人我不认识

主谓

定中主谓

定中状中

状中

(3)谁是最可爱的人

主谓

动宾

定中

状中

(4)浓浓的长长的眉毛和一双不大不小的眼睛

联合

定中定中

联合定中

联合

状中

(5)世界珍贵稀有动物熊猫的故乡中国

同位

定中

同位

定中

定中

联合

4、是单句,因为“过往的大雁那迷人的歌声”与“也不会扰乱他们古朴宁静的心”之间有句法关系,前者是后者的主语。

5、(1)句是并列复句,各分句间关系是平等的,不分主次先后,属雁行式排列;(2)句是承接复句,前后分句意思连贯而下,前后相承,属鱼贯式排列,前后分句顺序不能调换。

6、(1)名词谓语句(2)动词谓语句(3)主谓谓语句(4)动词性非主谓句(5)动词谓语句(兼语句) (6)动词谓语句 (7)动词谓语句(连谓句) (8)名词性谓语句

7 、坐在床上(中补短语)来了三位(动宾短语)

敢想敢说(联合短语)领导带头(主谓短语)

放学之前(方位短语)派他完成(兼语短语)

卖菜的(“的”字短语)拍着手笑(连谓短语)

我们三个人(同位短语)对这些人(介词短语)

8、(1)(风景美丽)的西双版纳‖吸引了(成千上万)的

(有志气的有抱负)的知识青年进入橡胶园。

(主谓句)(2)[为了保护羊群],(英雄)的(小)姐妹——玉荣和龙

梅 [同暴风雪] 搏斗了〈一天一夜〉。

(动词谓语句)(3)鲁迅先生 [小心] 地翻阅着(方志敏同志利用敌人要他写“自白书”的笔墨写成)的文稿:一篇《清

贫》,一篇《可爱的中国》。(动词谓语句)(4)银行法 [对中国金融业的发展] 意义重大。

(主谓谓语句)

9、(1)地方那么大,‖事情那么多,‖我知道的太少了,∣虽然我生

并列因果转折

在那里,‖一直到27岁才离开。

顺接

(2)没有知识,‖工人就无法做好工作;∣有了知识,‖工人才

假设并列条件能更好地完成任务。

10、按顺序依次是:名词、形容词、形容词、名词;

形容词、名词、区别词、形容词;

动词、介词、动词、代词;

拟声词、叹词、语气词、拟声词;

拟声词、动词、形容词、动词。

11、按顺序依次是:中补短语中补短语

主谓短语中补短语

动宾短语偏正短语

主谓短语联合短语

偏正短语中补短语

“的”字短语同位短语

连谓短语动宾短语

联合短语动宾短语

12、(1)(生长在江南)的同志们‖看见(这些)水墨画

高兴得〈直鼓掌〉。

(2)[在战争年代],人们 [对一身灰布制服,一件本

色的粗毛线衣,或者自己打的一副手套,一双

草鞋],[都] [很 ]有∣感情。

(3)我所遇到的‖[毕竟][ 还 ]是好人多于坏人。

(4)(荧光屏幕上密密麻麻)的飞机起飞时刻表

和飞机抵达时刻表,‖绿光闪烁。

13、(1)主谓谓语句(2)形容词谓语句

(3)名词性非主谓句(4)名词谓语句

(5)名词性非主谓句(6)动词谓语句

(7)动词谓语句(8)主谓谓语句

14、(1)因为我们是为人民服务的,∣所以我们如果有缺点,‖

因果假设

就不怕别人批评指出。

(2)谁要是工作起来马马虎虎的,∣不管他说得多么动听,‖人

假设条件

们也不会信任他。

六、简答题

1、(1)看关系。“喜欢安静”和“考虑清楚”都是“动+形”。前者的“安静”可以回答“喜

欢什么”的问题,是宾语。后者可回答“考虑得怎么样”的问题,是补语。

(2)看成分的词性。名词性的是宾语,谓词性的是补语。

(3)看变换句式的情况。可以变换成“把”字句的是宾语,否则,是补语。

2、一般动词不能受程度副词的修饰,但是“爱、恨、希望”等表示心理活动的动词,有程

度之别,所以可以受程度副词修饰。我们之所以判定为动词,是因为这些词都能做谓语

中心,又能带宾语,如“爱祖国”、“恨敌人”等。一般形容词可以受程度副词修饰,但是“笔直、雪亮、红彤彤、绿油油”等不受程度副词修饰,因为这些词本身含有程度意味。我们之所以判定它们为形容词,是因为它们都可以作定语和谓语,不能带宾语。例如:“笔直的大道”、“眼睛雪亮”等。

2、见教材

3、分不出主语和谓语的单句叫非主谓句。包括动词性非主谓句、形容词性非主谓句、名词

性非主谓句、叹词句、拟声词句。

4、名词能用数量短语修饰,不能用副词“不”修饰,能用在介词后面组成介词短语,经常

做主语和宾语,不能重叠。

5、(1)助词“的”之前的实词或短语,可以是名词性的,也可以是非名词性的;语气词

“的”前的词或短语都一定是非名词性的。

(2)语气“的”表示肯定的语气,必须处于句末;助词“的”则可以出现在句中。

(3)语气“的”去除后,原句的意思基本不变;助词“的”去除后,句意改变,不能去掉。

6、宾语并不都是受事。还有施事宾语、当事宾语。施事宾语表示动作、行为的发出者、主

动者,可以是人或自然界的事物。当事宾语表示施事、受事以外跟动词有一定关系,表示处所、时间、工具、方式、原因、目的、类别、存在等。

7、谓语中心之后先后出现指人和指事物两种宾语的句子叫双宾语,离动词近的叫近宾语,

离动词远的叫远宾语。

能带双宾语的动词是少数动词有“给出”、“取进”、“询问”、“称说”等意义。主要

有“给、告诉、借、问、叫”等。

8、主谓句包括名词谓语句、动词谓语句、形容词谓语句、主谓谓语句。举例说明。

9、凡是能作谓语、谓语中心,又能作定语或补语的是形容词;否则是副词。举例。

10、(1)两种“是”构成的句子的否定形式是不同的。动词“是”起判断作用,它的否定形

式应该是“不是”;而副词“是”所起的并非是判断作用,所以它的否定是“是没

有”或者“是不”。

(2)副词“是”是表示强调的,所以它可以被副词替换,而动词“是”不能用副词替换。

11、兼语句中的两个动词性词语不是一个主语发出的,句子的主语发出动1,兼语发出动2 ;

连谓句中的几个动词是一个主语发出的,几个动词共同陈述一个对象。

12、(1)动词前后总有别的成分,动词一般不能单独出现,尤其不能出现单音节动词。

(2)“把”的宾语一般在意念上是有定的、已知的人或事物,因此前面会带上“这、那”

一类修饰语。

(3)谓语动词一般都有处置性,就是动词对受事要有积极影响。

(4)“把”字短语和动词之间一般不能加能愿动词、否定词。这些词只能置于“把”字前。

七、改错题(略)

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