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2014 2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题17阅读新题型含解析

专题17 阅读新题型

2019年高考试题

【2019·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design——something you'll always have in every room. A grasp

of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love

to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for

a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you

want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach

this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there're

really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones,

the medium ones, and the large ones.

____38____. They're the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that

most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less

expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit

of being easily changeable .

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves

____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful

effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are

significant.____40____.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you're looking for

C. If you're experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with

E. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

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G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。

36. 36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。

37. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。

点睛：关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。37题A选项中的them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的they 指代内容相同。38题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择，本段详细介绍第一种small color choice.选项和语段中都有关键词small color choice。

39题本段主要内容是medium color choice, 前半句承接上文中medium是small的升级，后半句引出下文的两种方式。关键词：two major ways和…and …。

【2019·全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it

can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides

additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever

is ahead of you for the day.___37___

Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then

you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.

___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those

who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have

a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.

___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick

to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating

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junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock

an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!

【答案】36. G 37. E

38. F 39. B

40. A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。

37. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。

38. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，

空后句子是对F项的进一步延伸。故选F。

39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。

40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领

下文的作用。故选A。

点睛：七选五题型，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。本篇文章采用总分总的结构，第一段和最后一段是总述，中间是分述，中间每段都是主题句加分述句构成。【2019·全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

页 3 第

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and

hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.

___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,

birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.

“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine

doing anything else with my life. Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. Teaching

dance is

wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people

and having a social life.

___38___I can tell you about one young couple, says Bridges. “They're learning to do

traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”

So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want

to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.

A. So why do we dance?

B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.

C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.

D. My older students say it makes them feel young.

E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.

F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.

G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.

【答案】36. B 37. D

38. A 39. F

40. E

【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。

37. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it's great to watch

them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。

38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。

39. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心页 4 第

情彻底改变，故选F。

40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。

【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第2小题中的“them”，第5小题中的“I”，第1小题中的from Florida

to Alaska，均与上下文或选项中有相呼应的词语。

【2019·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want

to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest

way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of

the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk.

Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care

about the area.

______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.

If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there

to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. ______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs

to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become

a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.

A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.

B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.

C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.

D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.

E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.

F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 页 5 第

G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 【答案】31. G 32. F

33. E 34. B

35. C

【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。

32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。

33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。

34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。

35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照

顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate

behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。

【点睛】

七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的

关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本

结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。

分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段先引出话题，本段最后一句是文章的主题句，然后接下来

各段都是阐述一种方法，是总分总结构。每段开头都是本段的主题句，要弄清每段主题句和段落

内容的联系，判断正确答案。小题3本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，

E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。【2019·北京卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中

有两项为多余选项。

Why Do We Get Angry?

Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these

causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we

get angry

are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations.

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds

of pages.

页 6 第

However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing

physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something

and

others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.

Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality

traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely

to get angry.

53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather

a temporary

state before a triggering event has occurred.

54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself.

Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.

55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons

for anger

to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our

level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons

for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to

reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to

feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person

may or may not trigger another.

Q1[2019·北京卷]

【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。文章按照总-分-总的结构讲述了人愤怒的三个原因——触发事件、个人特征和对环境的评估。希望通过了解这三个原因，我们能更好地控制自己的情绪。51. F 本句作为第一段中的最后一句话，显然应该是总括性的句子。F选项中对于了解这些原因对我们控制情绪的好处恰好符合这一特征，故选F。

页 7 第

rather but lasting condition, to do with a not 53. E 根据后文“Also, sometimes pre-anger does have

这一pre-angera temporary state before a triggering event has occurred”可知，前一句也提到了anger state”恰好符合。除此之外，上一句中的“personality traits”在此句中-E 选项中“pre状态， E。也出现了。故选 A。-总结构，按照第一段的顺序，此段应该讲assessment of situations，故选54. A 本文为总-分根据后文“However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for 55. D

anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.”可知，前面一句应该是说生气有其存在的合理性。 D。故选 2019年高考试题阅读填空（七选五） [2019·全国卷Ⅰ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I

ill-cooked bites, who enjoyed insect in my eyes, were people heartily. would have laughed Campers,

meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. __36__

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. __37__ We

slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use

from work, recovering two days off from cost bathroom. the This brief visit with Mother Nature me

a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.

38__ wilderness. __holiday in the into nevertheless, talked going on another

fun-filled I was,

Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving

friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

__ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer __39s a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There iwith a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. recommend nature. I back his finds or her way to everyone or that be It __40__ must true sooner later,

that you find your way in style.

This time there was no tent. ．AThings are going to be improved.

B．页 8 第

The trip they took me on was a rough one.

．CI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. ．DI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ．EAfter the trip, my family became quite interested

in camping. ．FThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

．G本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。【文章大意】然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买

了设备齐全的野营车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一种方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回

归自然的方式。 cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to 37. C 根据后

文的“We slept in a tent,选项“The trip they take the shower and use the bathroom.”可知，作者第一次露营时条件很艰苦。C C。took me on was a rough one.”中的rough暗示了

这一点，符合语境。故选take to longa distance over an open fire, and walked cooked 38.

A 根据前文“We slept in a tent,

the shower and use the bathroom.”可知，作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远

的距离去洗澡和上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中“Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and

tent.”(这no time there was an air conditioner.”说明作者第二次露营时有床有空调，而

A选项“This

。暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A次没有帐篷了)根据后文的“…we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and 39. F trailer refrigerator. The modern kitchen with a separate a built-in TV set. There is

a bedroom, a

even has matching carpet and curtains.”可知，作者一家为了露营买了野营车，里面设备齐全。这说in quite interested became “After the trip, my family F露人作明者一家是喜

欢营的。选项 F。camping.”(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣)符合语境，故选【名师

点睛】

七选五的考查形式是给考生呈现一篇缺了五句话的英语文章，并要求考生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。具体的解题步骤有以下几点：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as

a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段页 9 第

多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。步骤五：区分相似项七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语

义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。 [2019·全国卷Ⅱ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.

there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.

__36__，Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then __37__．ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.

have set hours planned and let them know to come back during When people try to interrupt you，future ) 消除to It can help eliminate (__38__. find time that or that you'll them then.

interruptions.

it's much easier to don't do it in your own office. __39__，When you need to talk to someone，excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even

after explaining how busy you are.

make good use of it. __40__. If someone knocks and it's not If you have a door to your office，hint

get the can so you're person let yourself matter, an important excuse and the know busy they

页 10 第

(暗示) that when the door is closed，you're not to be disturbed.

A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no

B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work

C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes

D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area

E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available

F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you

G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not

【文章大意】本文介绍了有效应对他人的过度打扰的方法。

36. B 考查语境理解及主题句。根据后文可知，针对他人的打扰，下文将教你在你忙得不可开交时如何应对。

39. D 考查上下文的语境理解。前句提倡不要在自己的办公室会见别人，后文提倡去会见者的办公室谈事，自己谈完可以随时退出，减少他人的无端打扰。

【名师点睛】

本文37题属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据后文“Tell the person

you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can

talk at a different time”可知我们应该学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。

考点：考查说明文阅读

[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In

fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. __36__ Here's how to

页 11 第

make one.

●__37__ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get

up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared

for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or room-mates about the

change you want to make.

●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning

activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before

by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. __38__ That's a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping

if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in

on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your

sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. __39__

●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.

After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. __40__ If not, take another

look at other methods you could try.

A．Get a sleep specialist.

B．Find the right motivation.

C．A better plan for sleep can help.

D．And consider setting a second alarm.

E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.

G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于调整好生物钟的建议。

[2019·北京卷]

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed

to sleep，they die within a month. __71__

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. __72__ We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells，but the memory

processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

页 12 第

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next

day. __73__

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. __74__ The synapses in the mice

taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night's sleep, we find it

harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room

for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the

synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed

the same size. __75__ “You keep what matters，”Tononi says.

A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12

mice.

【文章大意】文章为说明文，讲的是动物为什么要睡眠，并给出两种观点：“帮助增强新的记忆”和“为新记忆腾地方”。而后一种观点有实验的支持，为越来越多的人所认可。同时，研究人员也指出，重要的记忆是不会被清除的，而是被保留下来，成为永久记忆。

73．F 该空为第三段最后一句话，是对整段内容的总结：睡眠会使有些记忆衰弱，从而为新记忆腾出空间。按Tononi的话说，即“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。故答案为F。

74．G 该空为第四段第二句话。第四段首句说现在我们有直接证据证明 Tononi 的观点是对的，那接下来讲的应该是Tononi团队是如何通过实验证明的， G选项指出了实验是怎么做的，故选G。

75．B 只有B项中“preserving its most important memories”与后句“…you keep what matters…”相呼应。也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。故选B。

【名师点睛】

页 13 第

1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。

2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子

之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。

3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。比如第73题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了

就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁定选项F，答案自然很快就可以确定。

4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。

5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。

[2019·浙江卷6月考]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to do man-on-the-street interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with

a cameraman to interview people on the spot.__31__ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,

think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example,

if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think

environmental protection is important in America？” __32__

●Hit the streets with confidence. __33__ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and

I was

页 14 第

wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people

to warm up to you.

●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.

Don't get discouraged.

● __34__ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes.

As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from

interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same

answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.

__35__

● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on

the air, don't leave work without them.

A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.

E．To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G．With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成功地做好街边的随机采访。

31. D 考查语境理解及主题句。该句用来引入本文的话题。根据下文“But with these tips…”可知，街头的随机采访对于初入职场的新闻工作者来说是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下指点，你就能得心应手了，所以选用D选项。

34. A 考查段落主题句。由其后的“…shouldn't be longer than ten minutes…move on to the next

person.”可知，采访的时间要控制，不可过长，所以选用A选项。

35. F 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是段中结尾句。根据上文的“ A safe number of interviews to

conduct is about six to ten.”可知，采访的次数要适当，6～10次为宜，这个数量的采访就可以使你获得你需要的所有答案，所以选用F选项。

【名师点睛】

本文【小题34】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Each

页 15 第

interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A项为本段主题句。

当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：

考点：考查说明文阅读

2019年高考试题

1.【2019·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret

codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far

behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant

eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let's number the letters of

the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet

me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real

code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out”

might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However,

it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

页 16 第

You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

【答案】

36.-40 D E G.F A

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数字来代表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。

38.G考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一

种方法，故G选项内容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。

39.F考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上启下的作用。

40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。

考点：七选五阅读理解

【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌

握。解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。

3.注重举例或解释等。如37题和39题只需要利用for example来进行解题。

2.【2019·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

页 17 第

A garden that's just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the

garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn't happen by

accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to

the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

●___17

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of

color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer

fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why

you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and

Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 19 --how being

in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start

by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan

to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It's our experience of the garden that matters

D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have

【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的的具体建议。

18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。

页 18 第

【名师点睛】

本文【小题17】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However,

there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。

当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：

考点：考查说明文阅读

3.【2019·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don't cook

fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat

twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult.

17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.

Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive

home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but

fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty

as the fresh one.

There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First,

lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).

Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then,

it's ready to serve.

页 19 第

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it.

C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge.

E. The fish will go bad within hours.

F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.

G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

【答案】

16. G

17. D

18. F

19. A

20. B

【解析】

试题分析：文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。

18. F考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。

19. A考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。

20.

B考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。

考点：生活类短文阅读

【名师点睛】

高考七选五解题方法

1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。

2.分析句型，了解语法构成

3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是

半个句子的选项，从而缩页 20 第

小选择范围。

4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都与它们的前一句有联系。

5.带入通读，复查

做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做连错，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。

4.【2019·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk

and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise

and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers

were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed

from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much

risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave

types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe

you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take

risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your

hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises

your tolerance for risk as well.

Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.

75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for

the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains,

the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

页 21 第

A. It all depends on your character.

B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

【答案】

71. F72. C73. A74. E75. G

【解析】

试题分析：文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。

73. A考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types...”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。

74. E考查上下文串联。E项中的when与“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage

years”中的teenage years对应，故选E。

75. G考查上下文串联。根据“a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，故选G。

考点：科研类短文阅读

【名师点睛】

2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。

3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。

4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原

因的词，对when页 22 第

的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。

5.【2019·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general,

they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones

between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that

are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and

2018 北京高考英语真题(含答案)

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2 / 18

21.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT. 22.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23.How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have 3 / 18

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2018年全国高考英语试卷分析.doc

2018年全国高考英语试卷分析新课标和高考考纲对考生的要求是通过对话或独白获取所需信息，做出简单判断，理解作者观点态度等。2018年英语高考听力试题完全符合考纲要求，均为对话或独白，涉及内容为信息' 观点'情感和态度等。我校在培养学生外语能力方面，坚持''听说领先，读写跟上" 的原则。在日常教学中 ,利用视听说课培养学生交际能力和口语表达能力，从而有效地促进了学生捕捉听力信息的能力。在高三复习阶段，教师着重强化听力训练，减少播放次数，提升语速。通过强训，学生在做历年高考真题时更加得心应手，听力水平得到极大提升。阅读理解新课标和考纲对学生英语阅读能力的要求是能从文章中获取和处理有效信息，能理解文章主旨，作者意图，能通过上下文猜测词意，能通过文章线索进行推理O本次高考试题完全符合考纲要求，难度适中。文体方面有应用文，议论文，说明文，题目的设置有细节理解题，主旨大意题，猜测词义题，推理判断题等，其中，考查细节理解的题有: 第21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33题，考查主旨大意的题有：第

28、35 题，考查推测词义的题是第26题，考查推理判断的题有：第27、29、31、34题，可以说，阅读理解充分考查了学生的英语阅读能力。我校通过典范英语、21世纪英文报等原汁原味的阅读材料来扩大学生的阅读量，坚持整进整出的教学方式，通过课前自主预习、课堂讨论表演、课后续写改写来提升学生的综合阅读能力。在处理文本时，注重挖掘文本背后的文化内涵，培养学生的跨文化意识，通过讨论、辩论等环节来培养学生的思辨能力。完形填空完形填空体裁为记叙文，讲述了作者在一次巧合中救了自己亲生儿子的故事，传递了帮助别人就是帮助自己的正确的价值取向，体现了新课标中要求培养学生正确的世界观、人生观、价值观的理念，具有积极的教育意义。试题考查了学生通过阅读语篇，整体把握故事脉胳, 分析语言信息之间的逻辑关系，从而选出最恰当选项的能力。这种考察方式与我校坚持的“整进整出”的教学理念和典范英语教材教学方式不谋而合。我校学生通过典范英语的学习，英语综合运用能力有很大提高。在平时的完型填空训练中，教师注重引导学生整体理解，整体把握文章脉络，主要通过第一遍通读了解文章大意，第二遍详读找出选项，第三遍通读查找错漏。整篇文章做完后，将正确选项填入空中，再次通读，形成最终理解，通过逻辑思维来推断。语法填空根据考纲要求，语法填空旨在考察动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句、词性转换、连词、介词、冠词以及特殊句式。主要检测学生对英语的综合运用能力以及对文章内容、逻辑的理解能力。在日常教学中，我校学生首先对文章内容有整体的把握，通过复述或者相互提问的方式理解全文，之后进行小组自主探究，体会语法点在文中的应用，从提出问题到发现问题再到解决问题，从而归纳和总结出语言规律。经过如此反复练习，提高学生语言的综合运用能力。短文改错短文改错语篇内容以家庭活动为话题，与学生日常生活联系紧密，语言材料真实，体现出了新课程标准中人与自我方面的主题语境内容要求，旨在培养学生学会做人做事，成为有社会责任感的人。

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