专四语法词汇详解四十套第15套
Test Fifteen
名词性分句中的虚拟语气
虚拟式常用于出现在wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that 分句中，表示一种臆想的(通常是不可能发生的)情况。例如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I’d rather I were not at the site of the accident.
在“It’s time + that 分句”结构中，that分句中应使用一般过去时。例如：
It’s time that I went.
在If I were you 这一分句中，were不能换成was,应当特殊对待。例如：
Were I to do it (If I were to do it), I should rely on you.
近义词辨析
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound
这组词均含有“使人惊奇、惊异”的意思。
surprise
指因出乎意料的、突然的事或前所未有的人或特殊的事而感到惊讶。
It doesn’t surprise me that his parents did not allow himto marry beneath him.他的父母不允许他同地位比他低的女子结婚，这并不使我感到惊讶。
amaze
强调对意外的事感到迷惑，或表示惊叹之情。
He’s amazed that she should get promoted over his head.他对她得以迈过他而提升感到惊异。
astonish
指对很不平常的事大为吃惊，难以置信。
It astonished him that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.他的儿子考试作弊被抓住
了，这使他大为吃惊。
astound
强调完全出乎意料，用以往经验知识无法解释，其惊讶程度很强。
The enormous changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants astounded us.城镇居民生活质量的巨大变化令我们惊愕。
全真模拟试题
1. Everyone in the family bullied her and made her do all the chores, she was indeed ____ .
A. Ciderella
B. a Cinderella
C. the Cinderella
D. that Cinderella
2. Air is to us ____ water to fish.
A. like
B. as
C. what
D. that
3. ____ troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience.
A. However
B. No matter
C. Despite
D. Although
4. Peter became angry and said that ____ .
A. he was tired to listen to them
B. the listening to them was tired for him
C. he was tiring listening to them
D. he was tired of listening to them
5. Weather ____ , the picnic will be held as scheduled.
A. permits
B. should permit
C. will permit
D. permitting
6. We regret ____ you that your subscription is overdue.
A. informing
B. to inform
C. being informed
D. to be informed
7. ____ you are a college teacher, you probably have to take your holidays in July and August.
A. Since that
B. Since now
C. By now
D. Now that
8. He had no business ____ mixed up in such a matter.
A. getting
B. in getting
C. to be got
D. get
9. Everybody must observe the rule, not ____ the director.
A. except
B.but
C. excepting
D. except for
10. The texture of the rock’s grains were described ____ “like sugar”.
A. as being
B. as is
C. as was
D. as if
11. The subject of children starving to death is too ____ to joke about.
A. grim
B. grief
C. shrewd
D. snobbish
12. We can’t just ____ these objections off.
A. ward
B. lay
C.shrug
D. shake
13. Children are ____ for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.
A.naughty
B. plain
C. versatile
D. notorious
14. Let’s ____ the bird from the case.
A. liberate
B. put
C. set
D. free
15. She regarded the burglary as a(n) ____ of her home.
A. invasion
B. suppression
C. violation
D. theft
16. I telephoned this afternoon, but nobody ____ .
A. replied
B. responded
C. returned
D. answered
17. The ____ of my paper on animal communication includes a book on whale songs.
A. biography
B. preface
C. introduction
D. bibliography
18. Many experts ____ a low protein, high carbonhy drate diet.
A. prompt
B. advocate
C. inherent
D.claim
19. The medical center’s annual fee is ____ , covering all visits and services.
A. indicative
B. indefinite
C. inclusive
D. integral
20. Dominic is the most ____ pupil in class.
A. individual
B. industrial
C. indulgent
D. industrious
21. Mr. Morgan gradually ____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained
B. required
C. acquired
D. enquired
22. Though steam engines have now passed the ____ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.
A. prime
B. era
C. epoch
D. date
23. What he said just now had little to do with the question ____ discussion.
A. with
B. under
C. by
D. over
24. Molten iron is poured into the mixer in the same way ____ tea is poured into a cup from
a teapot.
A. as
B.that
C. since
D. like
25. The Russians also burned their farms and ____ their dams and power plants.
A. blew up
B. blew off
C. blew out
D. blew over
试题答案与解析
1. B)【句意】家中的每个人都欺侮她，叫她做所有的家务，她真是个灰姑娘。
【难点】Cinderella源于童话《灰姑娘》,现已成为专有名词。
2．C)【句意】空气对于我们来说就像水对于鱼一样。
【难点】固定句型A is to B what C is to D.
3．A)【句意】无论问题多么麻烦，他都耐心地去面对。
【难点】however=no matter how, 意为“不管…”。
4．D)【句意】彼得非常生气，并说他很讨厌他们说话。
【难点】sb be tired of doing sth意为“某人厌倦做某事”。
5．D)【句意】若天气允许的话，野餐将如期进行。
【难点】“Weather permitting”作为独立结构，意为“如果天气允许的话”，也可以用“if weather permits”。
6．B)【句意】我们很遗憾地通知你，你的订单已经过期。
【难点】“We regret to inform you”意为“我们很遗憾地通知你”。
7．D)【句意】既然你是个大学老师，你大概不得不在七、八月份休假。
【难点】now that=since, 意为“既然”。
8．A)【句意】他没有理由卷入这件事情。
【难点】getting为get的现在分词形式，与mixed up构成现在分词短语，修饰business，作定语。
9．B)【句意】每个人都要遵守规则，主任也不例外。
【难点】but=except,not but意为“不除……之外”。
10．A)【句意】岩石的纹理结构被描述为“像糖”。
【难点】be described as 意为“被形容为”。
11．A)【句意】儿童饿死这一话题太无情，不该拿来开玩笑。
【难点】grim意为“无情的，冷酷的，可怕的”；grief是名词，意为“悲伤，悲痛”；shrewd 意为“机灵的，精明的”；snobbish意为“势力的，媚上欺下的”。
12．C)【句意】我们不能对这些反对意见不予理睬。
【难点】shrug off 意为“对…满不在乎，对…不屑一顾”；ward off意为“避开，挡开，避免”；lay off 意为“停止打扰；不理会；戒绝”；shake off 意为“抖落，摆脱”。
13．D)【句意】孩子们常在错误的时间说错话，这一点众所周知。
【难点】notorious意为“坏方面闻名的，臭名昭著的”，后接介词for；naughty 意为“顽皮的，淘气的；plain意为“明白的，清楚的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多方面才能的”。
14．D)【句意】咱们把鸟从笼子里放了吧。
【难点】free意为“使自由；释放”，常与from连用；liberate意为“释放”；put不能和from 连用；set后面接from的时候还要加free，即set free from.
15．C)【句意】她认为入室偷盗是侵犯家宅的行为。
【难点】violation意为“侵犯（行为），妨碍（行为）；invasion意为“侵犯，侵害”，尤其隐私和个人权力；suppression 意为“压制，镇压”；theft意为“偷窃，失窃”。
16．D)【句意】我今天下午打了电话，但没有人接。
【难点】answer the telephone意为“接电话”，是习惯用法。reply是“回答，答复”，后接介词to；respond意为“应答”，后面也接介词to;return意为“返还”。
17．D)【句意】我那篇有关动物交际的论文的参考书目中包括一本关于鲸语言的书。
【难点】bibliography意为“书目；作品目录”；biography意为“传记”；preface意为“序言，前言，开场白”；introduction 意为“导言，开场白”。
18．B)【句意】许多专家提倡低蛋白、高碳水化合物的饮食。
【难点】advocate意为“拥护；主张；提倡”;prompt 意为“促使；激励；鼓舞”；inherent 是形容词，意为“内在的，固有的，本来就有的”；claim意为“声称；认领；自称”。
19．C)【句意】医疗中心的年度费用是包括一切的，含所有检查和服务费用。
【难点】inclusive意为“包含一切的”；indicative意为“暗示的，暗指的”，后接介词of;indefinite 意为“不明确的，含糊的，不清楚的”；integral意为“构成整体所必需的；固有的”。
20．D)【句意】多米尼克是班上最勤奋的学生。
【难点】industrious意为“勤劳的，勤奋的”；individual意为“独特的；个人的”；industrial 意为“工业上的；工业用的”；indulgent意为“宽容的”。
21．C)【句意】摩根先生渐渐地了解了这个科目。
【难点】acquire 意为“（尤指通过努力)取得，获得，写到”，acquirea knowledge of 意为“获得…的知识”；attain意为“达到，获得”；require意为“需要”；enquire 意为“查问，查究”，后接介词into。
22．A)【句意】虽然蒸汽机车的使用已过了它的全盛期，但其传统犹存。
【难点】prime意为“全盛期；最好的时期”；era意为“时代；(某一重要历史事件的）年代”；epoch意为“(有重大发展或特别事情的）重要时期”；date意为“日期”。
23．B)【句意】他刚才说的话与正在讨论的问题毫无关系。
【难点】under discussion是习惯搭配，意为“正在讨论之中的”，其它三个介词和discussion 不是固定搭配。
24．A)【句意】熔铁被倒入搅拌机的方式和茶被倒入茶壶里的方式相同。
【难点】same 和as有固定搭配关系，而和其它几个词没有固定搭配关系。
25．A)【句意】俄罗斯人烧毁了他们的农场，炸毁了他们的大坝和电厂。
【难点】blow up 意为“爆炸，炸毁”；blow off 意为“吹掉，被吹走”；blow out 意为“（车胎）爆裂；熄灭”；blow over意为“逝去,被淡忘”。
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