高二虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气Part 1U1 课文知识点归纳

1. western-style painting 西方风格的画

2. concentrate on 全神贯注于…

3. be aimed at 目的是, 旨在

aim at sb. / sth. 瞄准

aim at sth / doing sth 力求达到

4. a great deal of 许多,大量

scores of 许多的

5. make an attempt to do / at doing sth

试图做某事

= attempt to do sth

at the / one’s attempt 某人第…次尝试

6. on (the) one hand…on the other hand

一方面…另一方面

7. by coincidence 巧合的

8. in the late 19th century 在十九世纪晚期

9. break away from 摆脱, 脱离

10. be eager to do 急切地做…

11. have a preference for 对…偏爱

12. be well worth a visit 很值得参观

be worth doing 值得做…

= be worthy of being done / to be done

= It is worthwhile to do / doing

13. be housed 被收藏存放

14. every two years / every second year

每隔两年

15.sb. in possession of sth. 某人拥有某物

sth.be in the possession of sb. 某物由…拥有16. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

appeal to sb. for sth. / to do sth.

恳求，呼吁某人某事/ 做某事

17.with the help of…在…的帮助下

18.ask sb. for permission 请求某人许可

19.provide sb. with sth./provide sth. For sb.

提供某人某物

单选填空

( ) 1. He possesses ________ books.

A. plenty of

B. a little

C. a great deal of

D. an amount of ( ) 2. The government is ________ to everyone to save water.

A. adjusting

B. devoted

C. appealing

D. adapting

( ) 3. Your kindness________ me that we can become good friends.

A. possesses

B. believes

C. convinces

D. ensures

( ) 4. Wendy had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first________.

A. plan

B. attempt

C. purpose

D. desire

( ) 5. This problem is well ________ considering by our government.

A. worth

B. worthy

C. worthy of

D. worth of

( ) 6. I ________ my boss of my contribution to the company.

A. blamed

B. convinced

C. advised

D. charged

( ) 7. You can’t make your self understood because you explain things in a way that is too ______ for me.

A. obvious

B. realistic

C. abstract

D. impressive ( ) 8. He ______ to avoid being punished by lying to his headmaster, but his eyes gave him away.

A. attempted

B. managed

C. succeeded

D. pretended

( ) 9. This summer we had _______ rain consequently and many houses and roads were destroyed in the floods.

A. a great many

B. a great deal of

C. a good many

D. a number of ( ) 10. More students took part-time job, and ________, the money they had earned strongly supported them to continue their study life.

A. consequently

B. similarly

C. though

D. however

( ) 11. We can’t take________ of that house if we fail to reach an agreement with them.

A. hold

B. notice

C. possession

D. care

( ) 12. Nowadays, a young man, who attempts to be successful, has to be ________ to go far in his career

A. aggressive

B. controversial

C. ridiculous

D. religious

( ) 13. He hated wandering about and expected to find a ________ position in the civil service of government.

A. permissive

B. permanent

C. proper

D. significant

( ) 14. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________murder last night?

A. advised

B. attended

C. attempted

D. admitted

( ) 15. It can’t be a(n) ________ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.

A. coincidence

B. accident

C. incident

D. chance

Part 2 Grammar 虚拟语气（一）

定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫做虚拟语气。

●If I were you, I would go there.

●I wish I were a bird flying in the sky.

一．If条件句虚拟语气

如果所表示的条件是真实的或完全有可能实现的，称为真实条件句，其主句和从句的位于都用陈述语气；如果表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，称为虚拟条件句。

例如：If I am free, I will visit you. 真实条件句

If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. 虚拟条件句

1）. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（与过去事实相反）如果昨天下雨，我们就会呆在家里了。

2）. If I were you, I would study harder. (与现在事实相反)

如过我是你，我就会更加努力的读书。

3）. If it should rain tomorrow, I might stay at home. (与将来事实相反)

如果明天下雨，我可能会呆在家里。

1.一般结构

虚拟语气根据其表达时间概念可分为表示现在的虚拟语气，表示过去的虚拟语气以及表示将来的虚拟语气。

1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式

条件从句：动词过去式（be的过去式一般were）

主句：would（should, could, might）+ 动词原形

If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.

If we _________(have) time now, we __________(read) it again.

2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式

条件从句：had+过去分词

主句：would（should, could, might）+ have + 过去分词

I would have called you if I had known your telephone number then.

If I _______________(take) his advice, I _______________(not make) such a mistake.

如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。

3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式

动词过去式

条件从句：should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

主句：would（should, could, might）+ 动词原形

If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 如果下雨的话，庄稼就有救了。

If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。**配套练习*

一．选择题

1. I were you, I ____ buy the house right now.

A. won’t

B. don’t

C. wouldn’t

D. can’t

2. What _______if there ______no light during the day?

A. will happen; was

B. would happen; is

C. happens; were

D. would happen; were

3. _____more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were

B. If the captain had been

C. Should the captain be

D. If the captain would have been

4. If I ____him tomorrow, I would let him know

A. should call

B. should not have been able to call

C. were not able to call

D. are not able to call

5. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew; would send

B. had known; would have sent

C. know; would send

D. knew; would have sent

6.If you had enough money，what ________？

A. will you buy

B. would you buy

C. would you have bought

D. will you have bought

7. If I ______ money, I _______ you.

A. had , would B .have , would lend

C. had , would have lent D .had , will lend

8. If we _____the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. take

B. had taken

C. took

D. have taken

9. If he _______my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.

A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow

10. I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I ____, I would try again.

A. fail

B. would fail

C. should fail

D. had failed

二．用括号中词的正确形式填空

1. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice.

2. If the world-war _______ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth?

3. If the policeman ____________ (be not) in that room, it _____________ (be) very dangerous.

4. If I ___________ (be) in your position, I ______________ (ask) for teacher’s help.

5. If Tom __________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already.

6. If you _____________ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train.

7. If I ____________ (meet) you yesterday, we __________________ (go) to the concert together.

8. If there __________ (be) no natural resource any more, we _______________ (make) use of nuclear power .

9. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow?

10. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, here ____________ (be) no friendship.

2. 省略if 的虚拟条件句（倒装）

if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有had, should, were时，可将if省略，并将had, should, were置于句首，采用倒装语序，句意不变。

例：Were I you (=If I were you), I would give it up.

Were it not for your advice（=If it were not for your advice）, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

转换练习：

If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.

________________________, I would have run round that lake again.

If there should be a flood, what should we do?

________________________, what should we do?

选择

1. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A. Would she leave

B. If she leaves

C. Were she to leave

D. If she had left

2. Had he worked harder, he ____ the exams.

A. must have got through

B. would have got through

C. would get through

D. could get through

3. Jane would never have gone to the party ______ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known

B. had she known

C. if she know

D. if she has known

3. 混合时态条件句虚拟语气（时间错综条件句）

通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。即：从句和主句根据各自谓语动作发生时间不同，采用相应的谓语动词形式。

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.

如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去）

If you ______________(not watch) television so late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.

如果你昨晚不是看电视看得那么晚，现在你也就不会这么困了。

If he _______________(not hurt) his leg yesterday, he ___________(visit) the Summer Palace with us now.

4. 在if it were (had been) not for...句型中，意为“要不是...”

If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.

*配套练习*

1.______ fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Could you be

D. Might you be

2.Had the boy worked harder, he _______ the exams.

A.must have got through

B.could get through

C.ought to get through

D.would have got through

3.What would have happened _________, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther

B.if Bob should walk farther

C.had Bob walked farther

D.if Bob walked farther

4.If I had studied English last year, I _______ able to speak it now.

A.would have been

B.should be

C.had been

D.could be

5.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home town.

A.wouldn't have fallen

B.had not fallen

C.should fall

D.were to fall

6.When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, otherwise I _______ your call.

A.answered

B.would answer

C.had answered

D.would have answered

7.----Why are you so late?

----I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I ______ earlier.

A.arrived

B.had arrived

C.would arrive

D.would have arrived

8.----Well done, Jack!

----Thanks. But give more time, I _______ it better.

A.shouldn't have done

B.couldn't have done

C.might not do

D.could do

9. ______ for the doctor's careful treatment, he ________ till last year.

A. If it is not, can't live

B. Were it not, couldn't live

C. Had it not been, couldn't have lived

D. If they were not, couldn't live.

10. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （07全国II）

A. If

B. Since

C. Though

D. When

Cloze (2010福州市检)

My grandmother became a widow in 1970. Shortly after that, we went to the ___1___ shelter to pick out a dog to keep her ___2___. Grandma decided on a little dog with a reddish-brown spot above each eye. ___3___these spots, the dog was named Penny.

Grandma and Penny quickly became very ___4___to each other, but that attachment grew much stronger about three years later ___5___Grandma had a stroke（中风）. Grandma could no longer ___6___, so when she came home from the hospital, she and Penny were___7___ companions.

After her stroke, it became a real __8___for Grandma to let Penny in and out because ___9__was at the bottom of a flight of stairs. So a mechanism（机械装置）using a rope and pulley（滑轮）was___10___ from the door to a handle at the top of the stairs. Grandma just had to pull the handle to

open and close the door. If the store was___11___ Penny’s favorite dog food, Grandma would make one of us ___12___ Penny browned beef with potatoes in it. I can remember___13__ my grandmother by saying that she loved that dog better than she loved her family.

As the years passed, it was not___14___ for Grandma and Penny to separate each other. If Grandma went to take her nap（打盹）, Penny stayed by her side until she ___15___. As Penny aged, she could no longer jump up on the bed, so she___16___ on the rug （垫子）beside the bed. If Grandma went into the ___17___ , Penny would walk along beside her, wait outside the door and accompany her___18___ to the bed or chair. Grandma never went anywhere without her___19___ companion by her side.

The time came when both my grandmother’s and Penny’s __20__ were failing fast. After fifteen years of loving companionship, Grandma and Penny passed away within a few hours of each other. 1．A．animal B．toy C．fish D．bird 2．A．business B．firm C．company D．friend

3．A．In spite of B．Because of C．Instead of D．In front of 4．A．linked B．fastened C．attached D．tied

5．A．before B．while C．until D．when

6．A．think B．speak C．work D．walk 7．A．contrary B．content C．confident D．constant 8．A．problem B．question C．practice D．rule

9．A．the door B．Grandma C．the window D．Penny 10．A．repaired B．fixed C．bought D．loaded 11．A．out o f B．ahead of C．away from D．apart from 12．A．show B．hand C．buy D．cook 13．A．drawing attention to B．making use of

C．breaking away from D．making fun of

14．A．necessary B．possible C．important D．convenient 15．A．recovered B．awoke C．slept D．screamed 16．A．rolled B．stood C．waited D．lay 17．A．kitchen B．bedroom C．living-room D．bathroom 18．A．back B．up C．off D．down 19．A．splendid B．remote C．faithful D．legal 20．A．smell B．health C．habit D．living

阅读理解

A great French writer said that we should help everyone as much as possible because we often need help ourselves. The small even can help the great. To this effect, he tells a simple story.

An ant was drinking at a small river and fell in. She tried hard to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant, almost tired out, was still bravely doing her best when a bird saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade (叶片) of grass, which supported her like a boat, and thus she reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass she heard a man coming near. He was walking along barefooted and carrying a gun in his hand. As he saw the bird he wished to kill her, and he would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just before he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the bird immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life.

1. According to the French writer, we often need help from others, therefore we should________.

A. not help others

B. help those who may be helpful to us

C. get as much help as possible

D. help others as much as we can

2. The ant finally got on the bank _______.

A. when the water pushed her

B. with the help of a piece of wood

C. with the help of a blade of grass

D. when the bird reached out a leg for her

3. The French writer tells the story in order to show _______.

A. how an ant saved a bird

B. how brave the ant is

C. how clever the bird is

D. even the small can help the great

What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist(乐观者), a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grays(灰色)and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined(意志坚定的). You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists(心理学家)tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference(爱好), and the effect(影响)that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we don't choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful(开心的)and more comfortable(舒服的)than a dark green one, and a red dress rings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing(压抑). Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.

Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new

shirt or a few colorful things. Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And don't forget that anyone can guess a lot about your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief.

4. According to this passage, _________.

A. one can choose his color preference

B. one is born with his color preference

C. one's color preference is changeable

D. one has to choose his favorite color as soon as he can see clearly

5. We would pay attention to colors because _______.

A. colors do have effect on our moods(情绪)

B. colors may have effect on our work and study

C. light and bright colors make people happy

D. you can know your friends better by the colors they like or dislike

6. The main idea of this passage is ________.

A. one's color preference shows one's character

B. you can brighten your life with wonderful colors

C. psychologists have been studying the meaning of color preference

D. one's color preference has something to do with his character and colors have effects on

7. The writer believes that in realizing the four modernizations of country, we need more people who love____.

A. yellow

B. red

C. green

D. black

8. "I am feeling black" means ______.

A. I am feeling well

B. I am very happy

C. I am excited

D. I am depressed