研究生英语精读教程(下)unit1-7课后习题

[unit1]

II. Vocabulary

A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.

1. Considerable expertise is required to be a successful trial lawyer.

A. know-how

B. authority

C. prudence

D. resolution

2. So it came about that even in ancient times tales of Moon voyages were written without any trace of magic and the earthiness of something that might be possible.

A. footprint

B. measurement

C. remainder

D. sign

3. I’d like to come with you, but that’s not a promise. Don’t build on it.

A. bring on

B. depend on

C. take on

D. think on

4. I must go and work up my notes, ready for the test. A. complete B. take C. review D. get

5. Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earth’s surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.

A. popularization

B. pollution

C. contraction

D. industrialization

6. The most prominent technological success in the twentieth century is probably computer revolution. A. noticeable B. solemn C. prosperous D. prevalent

7. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can penetrate fog.

A. pass through

B. break up

C. transmit

D. suspend

8. There is no point in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified.

A. reason

B. result

C. chance

D. use

9. It is estimated that almost one million earthquakes occur each year, but most of them are so minor that they pass undetected.

A. with no damage

B. with no notice

C. with no name

D. with no problem

10. Inspired by another movement in art called Dadaism, the Surrealist movement has been one of the most influential art movements in the 20th century.

A. Despised

B. Influenced

C. Stifled

D. Created

B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.

11. In less than a millionth of a second, the vast computer of an international airline can ______ accept 800 booking inquiries, and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies.

A. simultaneously

B. implicitly

C. complacently

D. cautiously

12. There are two hundred and forty stamps in the sheet, arranged in twenty rows of twelve stamps _____.A. individually B. across C. horizontally D. vertically

13. Many of the conditions that _____ population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.

A. bring forward

B. bring out

C. result in

D. result from

14. A severe illness _____ the hot weather has left the baby very weak.

A. in accordance with

B. in line with

C. in conjunction with

D. in agreement with

15. It is a long time since we’ve been ____; I hop e everything goes as well as last time.

A. united up

B. brought up

C. teamed up

D. picked up

16. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ____, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.

A. interaction

B. interference

C. intervention

D. interruption

17. In what _____ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites. A. applies B. accounts C. amounts D. attaches

18. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.

A. equivalent

B. alike

C. uniform

D. likely

19. It has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions and earthquake-related destruction has been _____ calculation. A. under B. over C. behind D. beyond

20. We’re in a _____ position here, with the enemy on the hill above us.

A. strong

B. powerful

C. vulnerable

D. negative

[unit2]

II. Vocabulary

1.Parents heartily endorsed the plan for a school playground.

A. adored

B. admired

C. supported

D. denied

2.Black clouds, thunder and lightning show that a storm is imminent.

A. coming

B. Irremediable

C. unavoidable

D. irresistible

3.She had upset some boiling oil on her arm and was in agony.

A. great pain

B. Suffering

C. danger

D. despair

4.The walls of the boathouse had been sapped away by the waves.

A. carried away

B. destroyed

C. washed up

D. stricken

5.You must always be ready to sacrifice inclination to duty.

A. liking

B. tendency

C. interest

D. career

6.Age had withered the old lady's face. A. destroyed B. hurt C. made decrepit D. flecked

7.Unable to sleep, the patient thrashed about in bed.

A. twisted

B. Twitched

C. tossed about

D. tossed off

8.The committee's plans are set out in the report made by the chairman.

A. mentioned

B. intended to do

C. arranged

D. made known and clear

9.Their request was absurd and consequently rejected.

A. ridiculous

B. excessive

C. feasible

D. harsh

10.He was given imprisonment without the option of a fine.

A. punishment

B. request

C. demand

D. freedom to choose

B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.

11.There was no school play because the principal ________ his consent.

A. took silence for

B. withheld

C. rewarded

D. awarded

12.In many countries now, smoking is not ________ in public places.

A. permissive

B. permissible

C. permutable

D. pernicious

13.The boy's curiosity ________ him to ask endless questions.

A. made

B. helped

C. confused

D. prompted

14.Condemned to death, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinking ________ poison - seeking truth even to the end. A. strong B. dead C. dying D. lethal

15.We believe in ________ treatment of prisoners so that they can turn over a new leaf.

A. human

B. humane

C. cruel

D. stern

16.Being a commander, he should remain calm at the ________ moment.

A. critic

B. crisp

C. crucial

D. crinkly

17.Health without riches is ________ to riches without health.

A. preferable

B. better

C. desirable

D. desirous

18.The decision made by the party recently goes against everything I ________.

A. stand in with

B. stand fast

C. stand in awe of

D. stand for

19.The ________ of ill-feeling from the Treaty of Versailles made Hitler more determined to take revenge on France in World War Two. A. inheritance B. result C. wish D. desire

20.Medical ________ do not permit doctors and surgeons to advertise.

A. duties

B. standards

C. laws

D. ethics

[unit3]

II. Vocabulary

1.Henry Ⅵwas an overwhelming success, perhaps partially because Shakespeare drew characters from actual English history. A. great B. amazed C. unexpected D. unbelievable

2.The new communication system is by no means a minute invention.

A. insignificant

B. minuscule

C. accidental

D. significant

3.On the notice board there was a list of forthcoming events at school.

A. exciting

B. Arising

C. Warning

D. approaching

4.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests. A. coexist B. invade C. dominate D. gather

5.Behind him were the ruins of a city, shattered, devastated, crumbled piles of concrete and stone that glowed. A. burnt B. ravaged C. isolated D. conquered

6.Revision of technical prose requires word by word review and elimination of whatever is redundant. A. talkative B. profuse C. abundant D. wordy

7.In the last chapter I proposed the hypothesis that a pure poetry-exists, employing the term "lyric― to describe poems which "consist of poetry and no thing else".

A. conjecture

B. deduction

C. inference

D. supposition

8.Tacit parental approval should be obtained before marriage.

A. tactful

B. permissive

C. intact

D. implicit

9.Then he sat and thought in the concentrated, abstracted way he has almost forgetting my presence. A. preoccupied B. observant C. intent D. careful

10.An Alexandrian speculator finally thought of a way of turning cat mummies into money.

A. spectator

B. observer

C. businessman

D. magician

B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.

11. These demands _____ the agreements we have reached.

A. run away from

B. go against to

C. go counter to

D. act counter from

12. Mary’s _____ was whether to go to the party in her old dress or to stay at home.

A. plight

B. emergency

C. dilemma

D. jam

13. In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles’ epidermal plates ____ seasonal variations in growth. A. stimulate B. reflect C. include D. prevent

14. When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were _____ by the approach it involved. A. interested B. enjoyed C. perplexed D. informed

15. Most of the great European thinkers of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to _____ the conception Shaftesbury first formulated. A. develop B. involve C. discover D. grow

16.It is unfair for the manager to ____ the typist for being late, because she has been ill for a week.

A. advise

B. reproach

C. revive

D. strike

17.A vast cigar-shaped body of gas was raised and eventually _____ from the surface of the sun.

A. descended

B. outrun

C. abstracted

D. reflected

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1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题不大 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展 中国家战胜饥荒和疾病 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 1.无论是在城市还是农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。 The Internet is changing the way people live, whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2.和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到金融危机的威胁。 Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3.关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然然后对过家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development. 4.他从来也没有想到他们队会大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.

研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

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新世纪大学英语3综合教程课后习题

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