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Study Questions for Chapter2 _英语语言学概论

?Questions for Chapter Two

1. Define the following terms:

phonetics articulatory phonetics phonology consonant vowel

manner of articulation place of articulation Cardinal Vowels semi-vowel vowel glide coarticulation phoneme allophone assimilation stress intonation

2. Please express the distinction between acoustic phonetics and articulatory phonetics.

3. Which of the following words normally end with voiceless (-V) sounds and which end with

voiced (+V) sounds?

(a) bang______ (b) crash______ (c) smack________

(d) splat______ (e) thud_______ (f) wham_________

4. Try to pronounce the initial sounds of the following words and identify the place of articulation of each one (e.g. bilabial, alveolar, etc.)

(a) belly_______ (b) foot_________ (c) mouth_________

(d) calf________ (e) hand_________ (f) thigh__________

(g) chin________ (h) knee_________ (i) toe___________

5. Identify the manner of articulation of the initial sounds in the following words (e.g. stop, fricative, etc.)

(a) cheery_______ (b) funny_________ (c) loony_______

(d) crazy________ (e) happy_________ (f) merry

(g) dizzy________ (h) jolly___________ (i) silly

6. Write a basic phonetic transcription of the most common pronunciation of the following words.

(a) bake_________ (b) noise__________ (c) these___________

(d) doubt________ (e) phone__________ (f) thought__________

(g) gem__________ (h) shy____________ (i) wring____________

7. What is the difference between an allophone and a phoneme?

8. Which of the following words would be treated as minimal pairs?

ban, fat, pit, bell, tape, heat, meal, more, pat, pen, chain, vote, bet, far, bun, goat, heel, sane, tale

9. What is the difference between an open and a closed syllable?

10. Individual sounds are described as segments. What are suprasegmentals?

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英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f27958071.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f27958071.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f27958071.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f27958071.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18

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