高考英语 状语从句教案

状语从句

一、概述：

状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，在复合句中作状语。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词。状语从句用陈述句语序，一般位于复合句的句首或句末。当从句放在主句前面时，常用逗号与主句隔开。状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句九种。

二、用法：

（一）时间状语从句的用法：

1、注意点：

⑴在时间、条件状语从句中，谓语动词一般不用将来时态表示将来，而用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态，用现在完成时态代替将来完成时

态。如：

When he comes here，I will let you know. When I have finished reading the book，

I will tell you.

注意：when可以引导时间状语从句，还可以引导宾语、主语等名词性从句；if可以引

导条件状语从句，也可以引导宾语从句（引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果，假如”，引导

宾语从句时，意为“是否”）；注意当它们引导时间和条件状语从句时，要用一般现在时态表

示将来，引导宾语等名词性从句时，仍然要用一般将来时态表示将来。如：

When he comes here, please tell me. W hen he will come here hasn’t been decided yet.

If he has any questions，he will come to ask me. Tell me if you will go to school tomorrow.

(2)时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句常常可以转换成省略形式或简单句句子成分。

①when，while，as，if，though，as if等引导时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句

时，若从句和主句的主语一致或主句的主语是it且含有be动词时，可以将从句中的主语连

同后面的be动词一起省略。如：

As（he is）a child，he began to learn English. If（he was）alive，he must

be at least ninety years old. Although（she was）told to stop，she kept on working. The boy looked as if（he were）afraid of nothing. If（it is）possible，I will come to see you.

②since，before，after引导的状语从句有时可以变成介词短语或分词短语。如：

They had not met any more since leaving（=since they left）school. Having finished （After he had finished）middle school，she entered Beijing University.

③原因状语从句如果主从句主语一致，也可以将从句省略为分词短语，介词短语或独

立结构。如：

Being（=As he is）the oldest，Bill looks after his little sisters. Because of smoking（=Because he smokes）too much，Linda doesn’t look healthy.

④so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句，若主从句主语一致，可以用动词不

定式短语so as to或in order to代替。如：

I left early so as to（=so that I could）catch the first bus.

⑤so that，so…that引导的结果或程度状语从句如果主从句主语一致，可以用“enough

+ 不定式”或“too…to”结构代替。如：

Tom studied hard enough to pass（=Tom studied hard so that he passed）the examination. She was too tired to（so tired that she couldn't）go any farther.

⑥if引导的条件状语从句，常可省去从句中的主语和系动词，转换为介词短语、不定

式短语、分词短语或独立结构。如：

If（it is）possible，I will help you. With her help（=If I had help from her），

I could do the experiment.

⑦as，than引导的比较状语从句中，与主句相同的部分可以省略。如：

He is a head taller than I（am tall）.

2、when，while，as（均表示“当……的时候”）引导时间状语从句的异同：

when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时性动词，

从句的动作可以和主句动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生；while引导的时间状语

从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，强调主从句谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生或

存在的；as引导时间状语从句时，主从句的谓语动作同时发生，也可以用来说明两种正在

发展和变化的情况，从句的谓语动词一般应具有延续性(可译为一边……，一边……，或随着……)。如：

When I came here，I found him lying on the ground. While/When I was reading，

I saw a bird. As I was getting on the bus，someone called me.

注意：

(1)when引导的从句是系表结构且主从句主语一致时，可以用as引导的省略句来代替。如：As（=When he was）a young man，he went to France for French.

(2)when/while引导的时间状语从句，如果主从句主语一致时，可以用“when/while +

现在分词”结构表示时间状语。如：While（=While he was）taking a walk in the street，

he saw an accident.

(3)when有时连接两个并列分句，起并列连词的作用，意为and then或at that time，

表示某一动作正在进行或即将发生而突然出现的情况。如：Lin Tao and Lily were walking around the school corner when the traffic accident happened.

(4)while也可以引导并列句，译为“然而……”。如：

He is reading, while his sister is watching TV.

3、before，after引导的时间状语从句的用法：

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