大学英语期末

Unit 7 Are Animals Smarter Than We Think?

What does an elephant see when it looks in the mirror? Itself, apparently. Previously, such self-awareness was thought to be limited to humans, primates and the great celebrities of the world of animal intelligence, dolphins. At first, elephants in studies with mirrors will explore the mirror as an object. Eventually, they may realize they are looking at themselves. They will repeatedly touch a mark painted on their heads that they wouldn't see without the mirror. Diana Reiss of Hunter College believes these are compelling signs of self-awareness.

Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli. They were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts. However, any dog owner will disagree. They know, when they see the love in their pet's eyes, that it has feelings. A dog can be trained to respond to commands and perform useful tasks. It can recognize different people and make choices about what to eat or which path to take. But does this mean that an animal is capable of thinking and, if so, can it be proved? Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures.

One of the first scientists to try to investigate the animal mind was the British naturalist Charles Darwin. In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory, were limited to human beings. Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different. Animals, he argued, face the same general challenges and have the same basic needs as humans: to find food and a mate, to navigate through the sky, the woods or the sea. All these tasks require the ability to problem-solve and to categorize. Birds, for example, need to be able to distinguish colors so they know when a fruit is ripe, what is safe to eat and what is not. Knowing the shapes of predators helps them to escape danger. Having a concept of numbers helps them to keep track of their flock, and to know which individuals have a mate.

All these skills require, not just instinct, but cognitive ability, argues Irene Pepperberg, who has worked on animal intelligence since 1977.

She studied an African grey parrot called Alex from the age of one for 30 years. Parrots are well-known for their ability to imitate

speech and in her experiments; Pepperberg used this talent to find out about Alex's understanding of the world. Her aim was to teach him to reproduce the sounds of the English language so that she could then have a dialogue with him. "I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world."

Memory, language, self-awareness, emotions and creativity are key indications of higher mental abilities. Scientists have, bit by bit, uncovered and documented these talents in other species. Pepperberg discovered that Alex could count, distinguish shapes, sizes, colors and materials such as wood, wool and metal. Until recently, only higher mammals, such as primates, have been thought capable of understanding concepts of "same" and "different". But parrots, like primates, live for a long time in complex societies, so abstract mental ability would seem to be a valuable survival skill for them, too.

Darwin argued that animals' minds, like their bodies, have evolved to suit their environment. He went so far as to suggest that even worms have some hint of intelligence since he observed them making judgments about the kinds of leaves they used to block their

tunnels. Many scientists in the 20th century dismissed such findings as unreliable, usually influenced by anthropomorphism, in other words, judging animals by human attributes. However, the pendulum is now swinging away from thinking of animals as machines without intelligence, and back towards Darwin's ideas. A wide range of studies on animals suggests that the roots of intelligence are deep, widespread across the animal kingdom and highly changeable.

People were surprised to find that chimpanzees and other primates were smart. They make tools. Orangutans use leaves as rain hats and protect their hands when climbing spiky trees. Scientists put this down to the fact that primates and humans share a common ancestor. What is surprising them now however, is' that intelligence doesn't seem to be limited to those species with whom; we have a common ancestor. It appears that evolution can reinvent similar forms of consciousness indifferent species; and that to an astonishing degree, this intelligence is not reserved only for higher mammals. One vital question is thrown up by the current research: If all this is true and animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we humans treat them?

动物比我们想象的更聪明吗？

大象照镜子时到底看到了什么？显然是它自己。以前，人们认为这样的自我意识仅存于人类、灵长类动物以及动物智慧世界的明星—海豚。在这项大象和镜子的研究里，大象起初只把镜子当作物品来把玩。最后，它们可能意识到它们在镜子里看到了自己。它们会反复触碰画在它们头上的印记，这是一些没有镜子就不可能看见的印记。亨特大学的戴安娜·雷斯认为，这是自我意识的很有力的说明。

过去，科学家认为动物和机器一样，能根据事先编排好的程序对外界的刺激作出反应。还认为它们不具备感受和思考能力，绝对没有理解抽象概念的能力。但是，养狗的人是不会同意这种看法的。他们在宠物狗的眼睛里看到了爱，知道它有情感。狗能通过训练接受指令做有益的事情。它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们经常把人类的情感和思想投射到其它动物身上。最早研究动物心智的科学家之一是英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文。在1871年出版的《人类的起源》一书中，他质疑是否只有人类才具有高级思维能力—如自我意识和记忆。达尔文猜测人脑和动物脑没有那么大的差别。他认为，动物和人一样面对相同的

常规挑战和相同的基本需求：寻找食物和伴侣，在天空、森林和海洋中旅行时不迷失方向。要完成这些任务，就需要有解决问题和甄别分类的能力。例如鸟类必须有分辨颜色的能力，以确定果实什么时候成熟，什么东西能吃，什么东西不能吃。了解捕食动物的形状能帮助它们避开危险，有数字概念可帮助他们了解本鸟群的情况，了解哪些鸟已有伴侣。

从1977年起就从事动物智慧研究的艾琳·佩拍伯格认为，所有这些技巧不仅需要本能，还需要认知能力。

她研究一只叫“亚历克斯”的非洲灰鹦鹉，从它一岁开始整整研究了30年。鹦鹉以模仿语言的能力著称；在她的实验里，佩拍伯格利用鹦鹉这方面的才能来了解亚历克斯对世界的理解。她的目标是教会它英语，以便能够和它对话。“我想如果它学会如何交流，我就可以问它是如何看待这个世界的了。”

记忆、语言、自我意识、情感和创造性是高智力的关键标志。科学家已经一点一滴地揭示并记录了其他物种在这些方面的才能。佩拍伯格发现亚历克斯不仅能够数数，还能分辨形状、大小、颜色及材料（如木头、羊毛和金属）。直到最近，只有高等哺乳动物，如灵长类，才会被认为具有理解“相同”和“不同”这些概念的能力。但鹦鹉和灵长类一样长期生活在复杂社会里，因此抽象的智力对它们而言似乎也同样是有价值的生存技巧。

达尔文认为，动物的心智和它们的身体一样因为要适应环境而进

化了。他甚至说：即便是虫子也有一点点智慧，因为他观察到虫子能判断什么样的叶子适合用来堵它们的洞口。许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。

人们吃惊地发现黑猩猩及其他灵长类动物都很聪明，它们会制造工具。红毛黑猩猩能用树叶当斗笠挡雨；在爬带刺的树时，它们知道如何保护自己的手。科学家把这种现象归结为灵长类动物和人类拥有共同祖先这一事实。但是，现在让他们吃惊的是智慧似乎并不仅仅体现在与人同祖的物种身上。进化似乎能够在不同物种身上重新创造出相似的意识形式。令人吃惊的是，这种智慧并非高等哺乳动物的专利。目前的研究提出了一个重大的问题：如果这一切都是真的，如果动物具有情感和智力，这会改变人类对待动物的方式吗？

Unit 8 Painting as a Pastime

A gifted American psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go." It’s useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the

will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: "I will take an interest in this or that." Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings maybe divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who

are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire —for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

It may be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen

appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

绘画消遣（节选）

一位天才美国心理学家说过：“烦恼是感情的发作；此时大脑缠住了某种东西不肯放手。”在这种情况下，和头脑争论（让它放手）是无用的。愿望越强烈，与之争论就越是徒劳。你只能温和地将另一种东西慢慢灌输到痉挛状态的头脑中。如果（这一东西）选得恰当，而且它真的从另一领域的情趣中受到启迪的话，那么逐渐地，往往也是迅速地，原先不适当的“不肯放手”就会慢慢放松，恢复和补救的过程就会开始。

因此，对于公众人物而言，培养业余爱好和新的兴趣才是上策。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志力就能做到的事情。精神情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，种子就必须精挑细选，必须播种在肥沃的土壤里，

还必须辛勤地护理。

要想真正快乐，真正安全，一个人至少应有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是实际可行的。到了晚年才开始说：“我会培养对这或对那的兴趣”，这是没有用的。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得大量与其日常工作无关的知识，却不能从中得到任何益处或宽慰。做你喜欢做的事是没有用的，你要喜欢你做的事。泛而言之，人可以分为三类：极其劳累的人，极其操心的人，极其无聊的人。对于卖了一周力气、流了一周汗水的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午踢足球或打垒球是不合适的。同样，对于工作了六天、一直为公务操心的政界人士、专业人员或商人来说，在周末再让他们为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而操心劳累也是无益的。那些能够支配一切、能够肆意妄为、能够染指一切追求目标的人是“不幸的”。对于他们而言，不多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处奔乱跑，企图靠喧闹和骚动来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这么做是徒劳的。对他们来说，某种形式的纪律约束是最有希望让他们走出｛困境、走上正道的。可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类人认为工作是工作，娱乐于是娱乐；第二类人认为工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类人占大多数。他们是能够得到补偿的。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了报酬，这不仅是谋生的手段，也使他们对寻找快乐充满了渴望，哪怕

是最简单、最质朴的快乐。但是，幸运之神偏爱的是第二类人。

他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。对他们来说，工作时间永远不会太长（永远都不够长），每一天都是假日，而当普通节日来到时，他们会感到厌恶，因为这强行打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，换换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力都是不可缺少的。其实，把工作当作乐趣的人，很可能是最需要每隔一段时间就把工作放下，让头脑放松的人。

Unit 9 Are You the Right Person for the Job?

In the old days it was easy. They were going to be the best three years of your life, and you knew it. You spent your time chatting late into the night with new-found friends in coffee bars and pubs, playing your heart out in the squash courts and on the cricket field, or strutting across the stage as a leading light of the university dramatic society. Whatever your interest, university life catered for it. And, let's not forget, you would usually manage to keep up with the work too, by doing the required reading and dashing off the week’s essay at the last minute. The only thing you didn't find time for was thinking about what came afterwards, at the end of those three exciting years. But you didn’t need to, because whatever your chosen career, the companies were all lining up to offer you a job.

That was what it was like in the old days as a student in the UK. But things have changed. A recent study of Britain's major multinational companies reveals that even with a good degree graduates can no longer walk into the top jobs. Today there are twice as many universities as there were just 30 years ago, and 40 percent of young people now go on to higher education. So with no shortage of graduates, a good degree has become vital in the search for a job. Competition is tough, and today's students are spending more time than ever preparing for those dreaded final exams, or doing low-paid part-time jobs to pay off debts.

But that's just the problem. In the opinion of managers from more than 200 British companies, students are spending too much time studying, or worrying about making ends meet, instead of joining clubs and acquiring basic skills such as teamwork and making presentations. The managers also said that they were prepared to leave jobs unfilled rather than appoint graduates who didn't have the necessary skills to get ahead in the global market.

But what can be done about the problem? The solution, the managers believe, is to include social skills in degree courses; and

some universities are taking the advice. At the University of Southampton, for example, history students have to do a 12-week project —frequently related to the local context —working in teams of six. This includes making a presentation, writing a group thesis, and carrying out a public service, which might involve teaching schoolchildren or making a radio program about the topic.

There can be no doubt that this sort of cooperative approach can help many students develop personal skills which will help improve their prospects in their search for a job. One of the most well-known personality tests used by employers when interviewing candidates, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), puts the extrovert / introvert dichotomy at the top of the list of personality traits it tries to analyze. There are no "right answers" in such tests, but extroverts, it is assumed, are going to be more suited to jobs in which they have to work in teams or deal with other people.

Equally interesting in the Southampton project is the conviction that students should be aware of the wider community, and find ways to make contributions to it. In today's shrinking world, students are increasingly aware that a university is not an ivory tower of learning, cut off from the real problems of the world, but on the contrary, can

itself be an agent for change for a better world. There are numerous ways in which students can be volunteers—before, during, or after their degree courses. With courses making heavy demands on students' time, as we have seen, a popular option is to take a gap year before or after university.

Typically, volunteering might mean helping the sick or elderly, entertaining underprivileged children on holiday camps, teaching in a Third World country or perhaps working on agricultural or environmental projects.

For students who choose to offer their talents in this way, one side effect is to gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not go unnoticed by future employers. But a word of warning is in order: You should remember what your priorities are. As Shane Irwin, who worked for two years in Papua New Guinea, puts it: "V olunteering teaches you valuable career skills, but I don't think you should be looking to bolster your CV through volunteering —the main reason you should get involved is because you want to help."

你适合做这个工作吗？

过去，大学生活很轻松。那将是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道这一点。你是这样消磨时光的：在咖啡馆和酒吧里与新结交的朋友聊到深夜，在壁球场和板球场上尽情地挥舞球拍，或是作为大学戏剧社的大腕在舞台上昂首阔步。不管你有什么爱好，大学生活都能为你创造条件。而且，别忘了，你的学习还总能跟得上，能完成指定的阅读，并在最后一分钟匆忙草就那一周的文章。你唯一没有时间考虑的是过完这激动人心的三年后要做什么。不过这个问题并不需要考虑，因为无论选择什么职业，都有一大堆公司排着队来聘用你。

那是过去英国大学生校园生活的情形，现在情况已经改变了。最近一项对英国各大跨国公司的研究表明，即使拥有一个优良的学位，大学生再也不可能一毕业就得到最好的工作了。今天的大学数量比30年前翻了一番，40%的年轻人接受高等教育。由于并不缺少大学毕业生，拥有一个优良的学位对找工作就变得尤其重要了。竞争很激烈，结果是如今的大学生花了比任何时候都要多的时间来复习功课，为那些可怕的期末考试做准备，做报酬低的兼职以偿还债务。

然而，这恰恰是问题之所在。英国二百多家公司的经理认为，学生花在学习或挣钱维持生计上的时间太多了。他们本应该去参加各种俱乐部，学习一些基本的技能，如团队合作和现场演示。这些经理还说，他们宁可让职位空缺，也不愿意聘请那些缺乏必要技能，无法在国际市场上占领商机的毕业生。

该怎么做才能解决这个问题呢？经理们相信，解决的办法就是在学位课程里增加社交能力的训练。有的大学已经开始这样做了，例如南安普敦大学历史系学生必须做一个为期十二周、六人一组协同工作的项目—通常与当地的生活有关。项目内容包括：做一次演示、写一篇集体论文、做一项公众服务—可以是给中、小学生讲课，或做一期有关中、小学教学的广播节目。

毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯一布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法把外向／内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。测试中没有“正确答案”，但是它认为：性格外向者更适合做团队工作或与他人打交道的工作。

南安普敦大学项目中同样有趣的一个理念是：学生应该关注比校园更广阔的社区，并设法为之做出自己的贡献。在当今越来越小的世界里，学生们越来越清楚地意识到大学并不是与社会现实问题完全脱钩的学术象牙塔。正相反，大学本身可以促使世界变得更加美好。在学学位课程之前、期间、之后，学生们都可以通过多种渠道成为志愿者。正如我们所知，大学课程需要学生花费大量的时间，一般人会选择腾出上大学前或大学毕业后的一年时间作为实践年。

通常，志愿者工作指帮助病人或老年人、在假日营里招待贫困儿童、在第三世界国家教书，或者做农业或环境研究项目。

对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。曾经在巴布亚新几内亚工作了两年的谢恩·欧文指出：“志愿者的工作能教给你宝贵的职业技能，但我认为你不应该只想着通过志愿者工作来给自己的履历表增添光彩—你做志愿工作的主要原因是因为你想帮助别人。”

Unit 10

Active Reading (1)

在时间中穿行

小说中的时间旅行

伍迪?艾伦作有一篇格调轻快的短篇小说，题为《库格马思趣事》，写一个名叫库格马思的男人利用魔术师珀斯基发明的时间旅行盒去拜访文学作品中的著名人物。他发觉自己被瞬间遥运到19世纪的法国，与包法利夫人开始一段艳遇。可是，在另一个世界待了一段时间之后，他对埃玛?包法利感到厌倦了，就要求回到现时。珀斯基同意了。不可避免地，库格马思又感到厌倦了，就要求回到包法利夫人那里去。可不幸的是，他刚进去盒子就爆炸了。库格马思发现自己并未回到文学世界，而是落入一册名叫《西班牙语补习》的旧课本里，被一个不规则动词追得到处跑。

这是一个超现实的梦幻故事，自1895年H. G.威尔斯写《时间机器》以来，类似的故事在许多小说中出现过。

祖母悖论及其他反驳

但是，在现实生活中，瞬间遥运和时间旅行可能发生吗？多年来，这一问题一直挑战着科学家。认为时间旅行不可能的主要论点是祖母悖论。假如你回到过去，你就可能阻止你的祖母遇见你的祖父，那么你的母亲就不会出生，你也不会出生。

另一种反驳是，假如我们能够制造一台时间机器，我们就能够到未来任何地方去，然后回到我们的起点。可是在时间机器造好之前，我们无法用它回到过去。

爱因斯坦、万有引力与黑洞

可是，近来量子物理学的发展结合爱因斯坦的研究成果暗示，时间旅行也许不限于虚构世界。爱因斯坦的广义相对论创造了四维的空间时间概念。空间时间是平的，除非有一个重物，比如太阳，把它压弯。这种变形效果即产生万有引力。因为宇宙充满了产生万有引力的重物体，所以空间时间不是平的，而是一连串不规则的弧形。我们知道这一点，是因为天文学家能看见理应被较近的物体遮蔽的遥远的恒星。从这些恒星发出的光不是沿直线运动的，而是绕过阻碍直线运动的物体沿弧线运动。

爱因斯坦的等式（爱因斯坦的相对论）进一步暗示，恒星到达生命的终点时，会向内塌陷，其构成物质会缩聚成一个比原来要小得多的密度极大的物体，即变成一个黑洞，任何物体也无法

从中逃脱。黑洞中心是一个密度无限大的点，叫做奇点，在其中一切正常的物理学定律都不管用。一切物质、能量、时间和空间都被吸引向奇点，然后瞬间从另一边出去，我们或许可以把这叫做平行宇宙。

量子理论和爱因斯坦

根据量子理论，量子物体如电子或光子有时表现得像波浪，或像微粒，但绝不同时既像波浪又像微粒，从而支持着这种平行宇宙观念。想想当一束电子波通过电视屏幕塌陷成一个微粒点时会发生什么。有些科学家一直对塌陷前后瞬间的情况感兴趣。现在把这一想法扩大到黑洞，我们就能明白，在黑洞之外可能存在另一个宇宙。

现在，根据爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，时间可以缓慢地穿过黑洞——令人吃惊的是，正是从这一点，我们开始看到时间旅行的可能性。假如说量子物体在一时一地缓慢地穿过黑洞，那么在另一时间另一地点，它们正穿过另一黑洞。

量子理论还说明，当量子物体面临何去何从的选择时，宇宙便分裂开来，以使其选择所提供的各种可能性。当一个宇宙中具有一套相对维度的量子物体能够进入另一个具有另一套相对维度的宇宙时，两个宇宙间的干扰就可能发生。这导致宇宙自身分裂成无数小宇宙的观念。

平行宇宙

那么我们如何解答祖母悖论？假如我们旅行到过去，我们会

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(完整word版)大学英语一期末考试题以及答案

精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.

C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1

6. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport. 10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her about a new order.

C. Send her an email about the shipment. D. Call her back when receiving the shipment. Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.

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大学英语期末考试(A)

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大学英语3 期中考试答案

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Mid-term Examination for Freshmen 姓名：班级：学号：成绩： Part I Translation Directions: Translate the following words and phrases. (8×1'+6×2') 1.sophomore ______ 2. schedule ______ 3. association ______ 4. dormitory ______ 5. admiration ______ 6. outlooks ______ 7. betray ______ 8. cherish ______ 9. in times of trouble and tension _________________________________ 10. make new acquaintances and friends _________________________________ 11. dispel feelings of isolation and loneliness ________________________________ 12. read one’s mind _________________________________ 13. get involved in social activities _________________________________ 14. smooth the transition from …to…_________________________________ Part II Vocabulary Directions: Fill in the blanks using some of the word and phrase given below the form where necessary. Change their form if necessary. （14×2'） 1.The final results of the experiment are _______ on December 9. 2.We only had time to pack a few _______. 3. A newborn baby needs _______ care and attention. 4.My father _______ to be in good health. 5.An unhappy home _______ can affect a child’s behavior. 6.The literature course has been hard work, but very _______. 7.Some hospital patients experience high levels of _______.

大学英语考试卷

长江职业学院海事学院 2014-2015学年第一学期期末考试试卷 科目：大学英语期末试卷（B卷）考试类型：闭卷 （本试卷卷面总分100分，考试时间90分钟） 一、情景交际10*1′=10′分 Imagine you are meeting an English teacher from the USA at the airport. Put in the missing words. Sally: 1 _____________ me, can you help me? I'm going to Beach Hotel, but I've lost 2 _____________. Stranger: Go 3 _____________ this street until you come to West Avenue. Turn left there and go straight ahead about four blocks. The Beach Hotel is 4 _____________ of West Avenue and Main Street. Sally: I see. Thank you very much. 5 __________ the way, can I take a bus? Stranger: Yes. If you go there by bus, 6 ____________ Bus No. 15 and get 7 ____________ at the third stop. Sally: Where can I 8_____________ the bus, please? Stranger: The bus stop is over there in 9_____________ of the supermarket. Sally: 10 _____________ thanks. 二、词汇和结构15*1′=15′分 Fill in the blanks with the proper words or expressions given below, changing the form if necessary. 1.Nodding seems like an easy body language, but it may ____________agreement in one culture but totally the opposite in another. 2. Sorry, I can't give you an answer _____________ . I need to think about it further. 3. Always think positively, and it will__________________ in your life. 4.Our manager is at a conference. She can't ____________ to see you now. 5. Sometimes speaking up is not enough, and you need to ____________. 6. I'd like to ____________ some volunteer work if you don't accept my money. 7.The historical ____________ in support of this conclusion is weak. 8.The great progress they have made comes from their good ____________ work. 9. As ____________ of World Economic Forum, Dalian and Tianjin have both done a great job. 10. Of course I will _____________ what you feel about it, but business is business. 11. The freshmen could help ____________ the tickets for the college's “Do It Yourself Show”.