玩偶之家英文剧本
A DOLL'S HOUSE
《玩偶之家》
by Henrik Ibsen
挪威易卜生
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
人物表
Torvald Helmer.托伐·海尔茂
Nora, his wife.娜拉──他的妻
Doctor Rank.阮克医生
Mrs. Linde.林丹太太
Nils Krogstad.尼尔·柯洛克斯泰
Helmer's three young children.海尔茂夫妇的三个孩子
Anne, their nurse.安娜──孩子们的保姆
A Housemaid.爱伦──女佣人
A Porter.脚夫
(The action takes place in Helmer's house.)
事情发生在克立斯替阿尼遏·海尔茂家里
ACT I
(SCENE.--A room furnished comfortably and tastefully, but not extravagantly. At the back, a door to the right leads to the entrance-hall, another to the left leads to Helmer's study. Between the doors stands a piano. In the middle of the left-hand wall is a door, and beyond it a window. Near the window are a round table, arm-chairs and a small sofa. In the right-hand wall, at the farther end, another door; and on the same side, nearer the footlights, a stove, two easy chairs and a rocking-chair; between the stove and the door, a small table. Engravings on the walls; a cabinet with china and other small objects; a small book-case with well-bound books. The floors are carpeted, and a fire burns in the stove. It is winter.
A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the door is heard to open. Enter NORA, humming a tune and in high spirits. She is in outdoor dress and carries a number of parcels; these she lays on the table to the right. She leaves the outer door open after her, and through it is seen a PORTER who is carrying a Christmas Tree and a basket, which he gives to the MAID who has opened the door.)
Nora. Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the children do not see it until this evening, when it is dressed. (To the PORTER,taking out her purse.) How much?
Porter. Sixpence.
Nora There is a shilling. No, keep the change.(The PORTER thanks her, and goes out. NORA shuts the door. She is laughing to herself, as she takes off her hat and coat. She takes a packet of macaroons from her pocket and eats one or two; then goes cautiously to her husband's door and listens.) Yes, he is in. (Still humming, she goes to the table on the right.)
Helmer (calls out from his room). Is that my little lark twittering out there?
Nora (busy opening some of the parcels). Yes, it is!
Helmer. Is it my little squirrel bustling about?
Nora. Yes!
Helmer. When did my squirrel come home?
Nora. Just now. (Puts the bag of macaroons into her pocket and wipes her mouth.) Come in here, Torvald, and see what I have bought.
Helmer. Don't disturb me. (A little later, he opens the door and looks into the room, pen in hand.) Bought, did you say? All these things? Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again?
Nora. Yes but, Torvald, this year we really can let ourselves go
a little. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to
economise.
Helmer. Still, you know, we can't spend money recklessly.
Nora. Yes,Torvald, we may be a wee bit more reckless now, mayn't we? Just a tiny wee bit! You are going to have a big salary and earn lots and lots of money.
Helmer. Yes, after the New Year; but then it will be a whole quarter before the salary is due.
Nora. Pooh! we can borrow until then.
Helmer. Nora! (Goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear.) The same little featherhead! Suppose, now, that I borrowed fifty pounds today, and you spent it all in the Christmas week, and then on New Year's Eve a slate fell on my head and killed me, and--Nora (putting her hands over his mouth). Oh! don't say such horrid things.
Helmer. Still, suppose that happened,--what then?
Nora. If that were to happen, I don't suppose I should care whether I owed money or not.
Helmer. Yes, but what about the people who had lent it?
Nora. They? Who would bother about them? I should not know who they were.
Helmer. That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle.
Nora (moving towards the stove). As you please, Torvald.
Helmer(following her). Come, come, my little skylark must not droop her wings. What is this! Is my little squirrel out of temper? (Taking out his purse.) Nora, what do you think I have got here?
Nora (turning round quickly). Money!
Helmer. There you are. (Gives her some money.) Do you think I don't know what a lot is wanted for housekeeping at Christmas-time?
Nora(counting). Ten shillings--a pound--two pounds! Thank you, thank you, Torvald; that will keep me going for a long time.
Helmer. Indeed it must.
Nora. Yes, yes, it will. But come here and let me show you what I have bought. And all so cheap! Look, here is a new suit for Ivar, and a sword; and a horse and a trumpet for Bob; and a doll and dolly's bedstead for Emmy,--they are very plain, but anyway she will soon break them in pieces. And here are dress-lengths and handkerchiefs for the maids; old Anne ought really to have something better.
Helmer. And what is in this parcel?
Nora (crying out). No, no! you mustn't see that until this evening.
Helmer.Very well. But now tell me, you extravagant little person, what would you like for yourself?
Nora. For myself? Oh, I am sure I don't want anything.
Helmer. Yes, but you must. Tell me something reasonable that you would particularly like to have.
Nora. No, I really can't think of anything--unless, Torvald--
Helmer. Well?
Nora (playing with his coat buttons, and without raising her eyes to his). If you really want to give me something, you might--you might--
Helmer. Well, out with it!
Nora(speaking quickly). You might give me money, Torvald. Only just as much as you can afford; and then one of these days I will buy something with it.
Helmer. But, Nora--
Nora. Oh, do! dear Torvald; please, please do! Then I will wrap it up in beautiful gilt paper and hang it on the Christmas Tree. Wouldn't that be fun?
Helmer. What are little people called that are always wasting money?
Nora. Spendthrifts--I know. Let us do as you suggest, Torvald, and then I shall have time to think what I am most in want of. That is a very sensible plan, isn't it?
Helmer(smiling). Indeed it is--that is to say, if you were really to save out of the money I give you, and then really buy something for yourself. But if you spend it all on the housekeeping and any number of unnecessary things, then I merely have to pay up again.
Nora. Oh but, Torvald--
Helmer. You can't deny it, my dear little Nora. (Puts his arm round her waist.) It's a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such little persons are!
Nora. It's a shame to say that. I do really save all I can.
Helmer (laughing). That's very true,--all you can. But you can't save anything!
Nora(smiling quietly and happily). You haven't any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald.
Helmer.You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and, as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You never know where it has gone. Still, one must take you as you are. It is in the blood; for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things, Nora.
Nora. Ah, I wish I had inherited many of papa's qualities.
Helmer. And I would not wish you to be anything but just what you are, my sweet little skylark. But, do you know, it strikes me that you are looking rather--what shall I say--rather uneasy today?
Nora. Do I?
Helmer. You do, really. Look straight at me.
Nora(looks at him). Well?
Helmer (wagging his finger at her). Hasn't Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?
Nora. No; what makes you think that?
Helmer. Hasn't she paid a visit to the confectioner's?
Nora. No, I assure you, Torvald--
Helmer. Not been nibbling sweets?
Nora. No, certainly not.
Helmer. Not even taken a bite at a macaroon or two?
Nora. No, Torvald, I assure you really--
Helmer. There, there, of course I was only joking.
Nora(going to the table on the right). I should not think of going against your wishes.
Helmer. No, I am sure of that; besides, you gave me your word-- (Going up to her.) Keep your little Christmas secrets to yourself, my darling. They will all be revealed tonight when the Christmas Tree is lit, no doubt.
Nora. Did you remember to invite Doctor Rank?
Helmer. No. But there is no need; as a matter of course he will come to dinner with us. However, I will ask him when he comes in this morning. I have ordered some good wine. Nora, you can't think how I am looking forward to this evening.
Nora. So am I! And how the children will enjoy themselves, Torvald!
Helmer. It is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly safe appointment, and a big enough income. It's delightful to think of, isn't it?
Nora. It's wonderful!
Helmer. Do you remember last Christmas? For a full three weeks beforehand you shut yourself up every evening until long after midnight, making ornaments for the Christmas Tree, and all the other fine things that were to be a surprise to us. It was the dullest three weeks I ever spent!
Nora. I didn't find it dull.
Helmer (smiling). But there was precious little result, Nora.
Nora. Oh, you shouldn't tease me about that again. How could I help the cat's going in and tearing everything to pieces?
Helmer. Of course you couldn't, poor little girl. You had the best of intentions to please us all, and that's the main thing. But it is a good thing that our hard times are over.
Nora. Yes, it is really wonderful.
Helmer. This time I needn't sit here and be dull all alone, and you needn't ruin your dear eyes and your pretty little hands--
Nora (clapping her hands). No, Torvald, I needn't any longer, need I! It's wonderfully lovely to hear you say so! (Taking his arm.)Now I will tell you how I have been thinking we ought to
arrange things, Torvald. As soon as Christmas is over--(A bell rings in the hall.) There's the bell. (She tidies the room a little.) There's some one at the door. What a nuisance!
Helmer. If it is a caller, remember I am not at home.
Maid(in the doorway). A lady to see you, ma'am,--a stranger.
Nora. Ask her to come in.
Maid (to HELMER). The doctor came at the same time, sir.
Helmer. Did he go straight into my room?
Maid. Yes, sir.
(HELMER goes into his room. The MAID ushers in Mrs. LINDE, who is in travelling dress, and shuts the door.)
Mrs. Linde (in a dejected and timid voice). How do you do, Nora?
Nora (doubtfully). How do you do--Mrs. Linde. You don't recognise me, I suppose.
Nora. No, I don't know--yes, to be sure, I seem to--(Suddenly.) Yes! Christine! Is it really you?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, it is I.
Nora. Christine! To think of my not recognising you! And yet how could I--(In a gentle voice.) How you have altered, Christine!
Mrs. Linde. Yes, I have indeed. In nine, ten long years--
Nora. Is it so long since we met? I suppose it is. The last eight years have been a happy time for me, I can tell you. And so now you have come into the town, and have taken this long journey in winter--that was plucky of you.
Mrs. Linde. I arrived by steamer this morning.
Nora.To have some fun at Christmas-time, of course. How delightful! We will have such fun together! But take off your things. You are not cold, I hope. (Helps her.) Now we will sit down by the stove, and be cosy. No, take this armchair; I will sit here in the rocking-chair.(Takes her hands.) Now you look like your old self again; it was only the first moment--You are a little paler, Christine, and perhaps a little thinner.
Mrs. Linde. And much, much older, Nora.
Nora. Perhaps a little older; very, very little; certainly not much.(Stops suddenly and speaks seriously.) What a thoughtless creature I am, chattering away like this. My poor, dear Christine, do forgive me.
Mrs. Linde. What do you mean, Nora?
Nora(gently). Poor Christine, you are a widow.
Mrs. Linde. Yes; it is three years ago now.
Nora. Yes, I knew; I saw it in the papers. I assure you, Christine, I meant ever so often to write to you at the time, but I always put it off and something always prevented me.
Mrs. Linde. I quite understand, dear.
Nora. It was very bad of me, Christine. Poor thing, how you must have suffered. And he left you nothing?
Mrs. Linde. No.
Nora. And no children?
Mrs. Linde. No.
Nora. Nothing at all, then.
Mrs. Linde. Not even any sorrow or grief to live upon.
Nora(looking incredulously at her). But, Christine, is that possible?
Mrs. Linde (smiles sadly and strokes her hair). It sometimes happens, Nora.
Nora. So you are quite alone. How dreadfully sad that must be. I have three lovely children. You can't see them just now, for they are out with their nurse. But now you must tell me all about it.
Mrs. Linde. No, no; I want to hear about you.
Nora. No, you must begin. I mustn't be selfish today; today I must only think of your affairs. But there is one thing I must tell you. Do you know we have just had a great piece of good luck?
Mrs. Linde. No, what is it?
Nora. Just fancy, my husband has been made manager of the Bank!
Mrs. Linde. Your husband? What good luck!
Nora. Yes, tremendous! A barrister's profession is such an uncertain thing, especially if he won't undertake unsavoury cases; and naturally Torvald has never been willing to do that, and I quite agree with him. You may imagine how pleased we are! He is to take up his work in the Bank at the New Year, and then he will have a big salary and lots of commissions. For the future we can live quite differently--we can do just as we like. I feel so relieved and so happy, Christine! It will be splendid to have heaps of money and not need to have any anxiety, won't it?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, anyhow I think it would be delightful to have what one needs.
Nora. No, not only what one needs, but heaps and heaps of money.
Mrs. Linde (smiling). Nora, Nora, haven't you learned sense yet? In our schooldays you were a great spendthrift.
Nora(laughing). Yes, that is what Torvald says now. (Wags her finger at her.) But "Nora, Nora" is not so silly as you think. We have not been in a position for me to waste money. We have both had to work.
Mrs. Linde. You too?
Nora.Yes; odds and ends, needlework, crotchet-work, embroidery, and that kind of thing. (Dropping her voice.) And other things as well. You know Torvald left his office when we were married? There was no prospect of promotion there, and he had to try and earn more than before. But during the first year he over-worked himself dreadfully. You see, he had to make money every way he could, and he worked early and late; but he couldn't stand it, and fell dreadfully ill, and the doctors said it was necessary for him to go south.
Mrs. Linde. You spent a whole year in Italy, didn't you?
Nora. Yes. It was no easy matter to get away, I can tell you. It was just after Ivar was born; but naturally we had to go. It was a wonderfully beautiful journey, and it saved Torvald's life. But it cost a tremendous lot of money, Christine.
Mrs. Linde. So I should think.
Nora. It cost about two hundred and fifty pounds. That's a lot, isn't it?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, and in emergencies like that it is lucky to have the money.
Nora. I ought to tell you that we had it from papa.
Mrs. Linde. Oh, I see. It was just about that time that he died, wasn't it?
Nora. Yes; and, just think of it, I couldn't go and nurse him. I was expecting little Ivar's birth every day and I had my poor sick Torvald to look after. My dear, kind father--I never saw him again, Christine. That was the saddest time I have known since our marriage.
Mrs. Linde. I know how fond you were of him. And then you went off to Italy?
Nora. Yes; you see we had money then, and the doctors insisted on our going, so we started a month later.
Mrs. Linde. And your husband came back quite well?
Nora. As sound as a bell!
Mrs. Linde. But--the doctor?
Nora. What doctor?
Mrs. Linde.I thought your maid said the gentleman who arrived here just as I did, was the doctor?
Nora. Yes, that was Doctor Rank, but he doesn't come here professionally. He is our greatest friend, and comes in at least once everyday. No, Torvald has not had an hour's illness since then, and our children are strong and healthy and so am I. (Jumps up and claps her hands.) Christine! Christine! it's good to be alive and happy!--But how horrid of me; I am talking of nothing but my own affairs. (Sits on a stool near her, and rests her arms on her knees.) You mustn't be angry with me. Tell me, is it really true that you did not love your husband? Why did you marry him?
Mrs. Linde. My mother was alive then, and was bedridden and helpless, and I had to provide for my two younger brothers; so I did not think I was justified in refusing his offer.
Nora. No, perhaps you were quite right. He was rich at that time, then?
Mrs. Linde. I believe he was quite well off. But his business was a precarious one; and, when he died, it all went to pieces and there was nothing left.
Nora. And then?--
Mrs. Linde. Well, I had to turn my hand to anything I could find—first a small shop, then a small school, and so on. The last three years have seemed like one long working-day, with no rest. Now it is at an end, Nora. My poor mother needs me no more, for she is gone; and the boys do not need me either; they have got situations and can shift for themselves.
Nora. What a relief you must feel if--
Mrs. Linde. No, indeed; I only feel my life unspeakably empty. No one to live for anymore. (Gets up restlessly.) That was why I could not stand the life in my little backwater any longer. I hope it may be easier here to find something which will busy me and occupy my thoughts. If only I could have the good luck to get some regular work--office work of some kind--
Nora. But, Christine, that is so frightfully tiring, and you look tired out now. You had far better go away to some watering-place.
Mrs. Linde (walking to the window). I have no father to give me money for a journey, Nora.
Nora (rising). Oh, don't be angry with me!
Mrs. Linde(going up to her).It is you that must not be angry with me, dear. The worst of a position like mine is that it makes one so bitter. No one to work for, and yet obliged to be always on the lookout for chances. One must live, and so one becomes selfish. When you told me of the happy turn your fortunes have taken--you will hardly believe it—I was delighted not so much on your account as on my own.
Nora.How do you mean?--Oh, I understand. You mean that perhaps Torvald could get you something to do.
Mrs. Linde. Yes, that was what I was thinking of.
Nora. He must, Christine. Just leave it to me; I will broach the subject very cleverly--I will think of something that will please him very much. It will make me so happy to be of some use to you.
Mrs. Linde. How kind you are, Nora, to be so anxious to help me! It is doubly kind in you, for you know so little of the burdens and troubles of life.
Nora. I--? I know so little of them?
Mrs. Linde (smiling). My dear! Small household cares and that sort of thing!--You are a child, Nora.
Nora (tosses her head and crosses the stage). You ought not to be so superior.
Mrs. Linde. No?
Nora. You are just like the others. They all think that I am incapable of anything really serious--
Mrs. Linde. Come, come--
Nora.--that I have gone through nothing in this world of cares.
Mrs. Linde. But, my dear Nora, you have just told me all your troubles.
Nora. Pooh!--those were trifles. (Lowering her voice.) I have not told you the important thing.
Mrs. Linde. The important thing? What do you mean?
Nora. You look down upon me altogether, Christine--but you ought not to. You are proud, aren't you, of having worked so hard and so long for your mother?
Mrs. Linde. Indeed, I don't look down on anyone. But it is true that I am both proud and glad to think that I was privileged to make the end of my mother's life almost free from care.
Nora. And you are proud to think of what you have done for your brothers?
Mrs. Linde. I think I have the right to be.
Nora. I think so, too. But now, listen to this; I too have something to be proud and glad of.
Mrs. Linde. I have no doubt you have. But what do you refer to?
Nora. Speak low. Suppose Torvald were to hear! He mustn't on any account--no one in the world must know, Christine, except you.
Mrs. Linde. But what is it?
Nora. Come here. (Pulls her down on the sofa beside her.) Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald's life.
Mrs. Linde. "Saved"? How?
Nora. I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there--
Mrs. Linde. Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds.
Nora (smiling). Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but--
Mrs. Linde. But--
Nora. Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money.
Mrs. Linde. You? All that large sum?
Nora. Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that?
Mrs. Linde. But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery?
Nora(contemptuously). In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that.
Mrs. Linde.But where did you get it from, then? Nora(humming and smiling with an air of mystery). Hm, hm! Aha!
Mrs. Linde. Because you couldn't have borrowed it.
Nora. Couldn't I? Why not?
Mrs. Linde. No, a wife cannot borrow without her husband's consent.
Nora(tossing her head). Oh, if it is a wife who has any head for business--a wife who has the wit to be a little bit clever--
Mrs. Linde. I don't understand it at all, Nora.
Nora. There is no need you should. I never said I had borrowed the money. I may have got it some other way. (Lies back on the sofa.) Perhaps I got it from some other admirer. When anyone is as attractive as I am--
Mrs. Linde. You are a mad creature.
Nora. Now, you know you're full of curiosity, Christine.
Mrs. Linde. Listen to me, Nora dear. Haven't you been a little bit imprudent?
Nora (sits up straight). Is it imprudent to save your husband's life?
Mrs. Linde. It seems to me imprudent, without his knowledge, to--
Nora.But it was absolutely necessary that he should not know! My goodness, can't you understand that? It was necessary he should have no idea what a dangerous condition he was in. It was to me that the doctors came and said that his life was in danger, and that the only thing to save him was to live in the south. Do you suppose I didn't try, first of all, to get what I wanted as if it were for myself? I told him how much I should love to travel abroad like other young wives; I tried tears and entreaties with him; I told him that he ought to remember the condition I was in, and that he ought to be kind and indulgent to me; I even hinted that he might raise a loan. That nearly made him angry, Christine. He said I was thoughtless, and that it was his duty as my husband not to indulge me in my whims and caprices--as I believe he called them. Very well, I thought, you must be saved--and that was how I came to devise a way out of the difficulty--
Mrs. Linde. And did your husband never get to know from your father that the money had not come from him?
Nora. No, never. Papa died just at that time. I had meant to let him into the secret and beg him never to reveal it. But he was so ill then--alas, there never was any need to tell him.
Mrs. Linde. And since then have you never told your secret to your husband?
Nora. Good Heavens, no! How could you think so? A man who has such strong opinions about these things! And besides, how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now.
Mrs. Linde. Do you mean never to tell him about it?
Nora(meditatively, and with a half smile). Yes--someday, perhaps, after many years, when I am no longer as nice-looking as I am now. Don't laugh at me! I mean, of course, when Torvald is no longer as devoted to me as he is now; when my dancing and dressing-up and reciting have palled on him; then it may be a good thing to have something in reserve--(Breaking off.) What nonsense! That time will never come. Now, what do you think of my great secret, Christine? Do you still think I am of no use? I can tell you, too, that this affair has caused me a lot of worry. It has been by no means easy for me to meet my engagements punctually. I may tell you that there is something that is called, in business, quarterly interest, and another thing called payment in installments, and it is always so dreadfully difficult to manage them. I have had to save a little here and there, where I could, you understand. I have not been able to put aside much from my housekeeping money, for Torvald must have a good table. I couldn't let my children be shabbily dressed; I have felt obliged to use up all he gave me for them, the sweet little darlings!
Mrs. Linde. So it has all had to come out of your own necessaries of life, poor Nora?
Nora. Of course. Besides, I was the one responsible for it. Whenever Torvald has given me money for new dresses and such things, I have never spent more than half of it; I have always bought the simplest and cheapest things. Thank Heaven, any clothes look well on me, and so Torvald has never noticed it. But it was often very hard on me, Christine--because it is delightful to be really well dressed, isn't it?
Mrs. Linde. Quite so.
Nora. Well, then I have found other ways of earning money. Last winter I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do; so I locked myself up and sat writing every evening until quite late at night. Many a time I was desperately tired; but all the same it was a tremendous pleasure to sit there working and earning money. It was like being a man.
Mrs. Linde. How much have you been able to pay off in that way?
Nora. I can't tell you exactly. You see, it is very difficult to keep an account of a business matter of that kind. I only know that I have paid every penny that I could scrape together. Many a time I was at my wits' end. (Smiles.) Then I used to sit here and imagine that a rich old gentleman had fallen in love with me--
Mrs. Linde. What! Who was it?
Nora. Be quiet!--that he had died; and that when his will was opened it contained, written in big letters, the instruction: "The lovely Mrs. Nora Helmer is to have all I possess paid over to her at once in cash."
Mrs. Linde. But, my dear Nora--who could the man be?
Nora. Good gracious, can't you understand? There was no old gentleman at all; it was only something that I used to sit here and imagine, when I couldn't think of any way of procuring money. But it's all the same now; the tiresome old person can stay where he is, as far as I am concerned; I don't care about him or his will either, for I am free from care now. (Jumps up.) My goodness, it's delightful to think of, Christine! Free from care! To be able to be free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it! And, think of it, soon the spring will come and the big blue sky! Perhaps we shall be able to take a little trip--perhaps I shall see the sea again! Oh, it's a wonderful thing to be alive and be happy. (A bell is heard in the hall.)
Mrs. Linde (rising). There is the bell; perhaps I had better go.
Nora. No, don't go; no one will come in here; it is sure to be for Torvald.
Servant (at the hall door). Excuse me, ma'am--there is a gentleman to see the master, and as the doctor is with him--
Nora. Who is it?
Krogstad (at the door). It is I, Mrs. Helmer.(Mrs. LINDE starts, trembles, and turns to the window.)
Nora (takes a step towards him, and speaks in a strained, low voice). You? What is it? What do you want to see my husband about?
Krogstad. Bank business--in a way. I have a small post in the Bank, and I hear your husband is to be our chief now--
Nora. Then it is--
Krogstad. Nothing but dry business matters, Mrs. Helmer; absolutely nothing else.
Nora. Be so good as to go into the study, then. (She bows indifferently to him and shuts the door into the hall; then comes back and makes up the fire in the stove.)
Mrs. Linde. Nora--who was that man?
Nora. A lawyer, of the name of Krogstad.
Mrs. Linde. Then it really was he.
Nora. Do you know the man?
Mrs. Linde. I used to--many years ago. At one time he was a solicitor's clerk in our town.
Nora. Yes, he was.
Mrs. Linde. He is greatly altered.
Nora. He made a very unhappy marriage.
Mrs. Linde. He is a widower now, isn't he?
Nora. With several children. There now, it is burning up. (Shuts the door of the stove and moves the rocking-chair aside.)
Mrs. Linde. They say he carries on various kinds of business.
Nora. Really! Perhaps he does; I don't know anything about it. But don't let us think of business; it is so tiresome.
Doctor Rank (comes out of HELMER'S study. Before he shuts the door he calls to him). No, my dear fellow, I won't disturb you; I would rather go in to your wife for a little while. (Shuts the door and sees Mrs. LINDE.) I beg your pardon; I am afraid I am disturbing you too.
Nora. No, not at all. (Introducing him). Doctor Rank, Mrs. Linde.
Rank. I have often heard Mrs. Linde's name mentioned here. I think I passed you on the stairs when I arrived, Mrs. Linde?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, I go up very slowly; I can't manage stairs well.
Rank. Ah! some slight internal weakness?
Mrs. Linde. No, the fact is I have been overworking myself.
Rank. Nothing more than that? Then I suppose you have come to town to amuse yourself with our entertainments?
Mrs. Linde. I have come to look for work.
Rank. Is that a good cure for overwork?
Mrs. Linde. One must live, Doctor Rank.
Rank. Yes, the general opinion seems to be that it is necessary.
Nora. Look here, Doctor Rank--you know you want to live.
Rank. Certainly. However wretched I may feel, I want to prolong the agony as long as possible. All my patients are like that. And so are those who are morally diseased; one of them, and a bad case too, is at this very moment with Helmer--
Mrs. Linde (sadly). Ah!
Nora. Whom do you mean?
Rank.A lawyer of the name of Krogstad, a fellow you don't know at all. He suffers from a diseased moral character, Mrs. Helmer; but even he began talking of its being highly important that he should live.
Nora. Did he? What did he want to speak to Torvald about?
Rank. I have no idea; I only heard that it was something about the Bank.
Nora. I didn't know this--what's his name--Krogstad had anything to do with the Bank.
Rank. Yes, he has some sort of appointment there. (To Mrs. LINDE.) I don't know whether you find also in your part of the world that there are certain people who go zealously snuffing about to smell out moral corruption, and, as soon as they have found some, put the person concerned into some lucrative position where they can keep their eye on him. Healthy natures are left out in the cold.
Mrs. Linde. Still I think the sick are those who most need taking care of.
Rank (shrugging his shoulders). Yes, there you are. That is the sentiment that is turning Society into a sick-house.
(NORA, who has been absorbed in her thoughts, breaks out into smothered
laughter and claps her hands.)
Rank. Why do you laugh at that? Have you any notion what Society really is?
Nora.What do I care about tiresome Society? I am laughing at something quite different, something extremely amusing. Tell me, Doctor Rank, are all the people who are employed in the Bank dependent on Torvald now?
Rank. Is that what you find so extremely amusing?
Nora(smiling and humming). That's my affair! (Walking about the room.) It's perfectly glorious to think that we have--that Torvald has so much power over so many people. (Takes the packet from her pocket.) Doctor Rank, what do you say to a macaroon?
Rank. What, macaroons? I thought they were forbidden here.
Nora. Yes, but these are some Christine gave me.
Mrs. Linde. What! I?--
Nora. Oh, well, don't be alarmed! You couldn't know that Torvald had forbidden them. I must tell you that he is afraid they will spoil my teeth. But, bah!--once in a way--That's so, isn't it, Doctor Rank? By your leave! (Puts a macaroon into his mouth.) You must have one too, Christine. And I shall have one, just a little one--or at most two. (Walking about.) I am tremendously happy. There is just one thing in the world now that I should dearly love to do.
Rank. Well, what is that?
Nora. It's something I should dearly love to say, if Torvald could hear me.
Rank. Well, why can't you say it?
Nora. No, I daren't; it's so shocking.
Mrs. Linde. Shocking?
Rank. Well, I should not advise you to say it. Still, with us you might. What is it you would so much like to say if Torvald could hear you?
Nora. I should just love to say--Well, I'm damned!
Rank. Are you mad?
Mrs. Linde. Nora, dear--!
Rank. Say it, here he is!
Nora(hiding the packet). Hush! Hush! Hush!
(HELMER comes out of hisroom, with his coat over his arm and his hat in his hand.) Nora. Well, Torvald dear, have you got rid of him?
Helmer. Yes, he has just gone.
Nora. Let me introduce you--this is Christine, who has come to town.
Helmer. Christine--? Excuse me, but I don't know--
Nora. Mrs. Linde, dear; Christine Linde.
Helmer. Of course. A school friend of my wife's, I presume?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, we have known each other since then.
Nora. And just think, she has taken a long journey in order to see you.
Helmer. What do you mean? Mrs. Linde. No, really, I--
Nora. Christine is tremendously clever at book-keeping, and she is
frightfully anxious to work under some clever man, so as to perfect
herself--
Helmer. Very sensible, Mrs. Linde.
Nora. And when she heard you had been appointed manager of the Bank--the
news was telegraphed, you know--she travelled here as quick as
she could. Torvald, I am sure you will be able to do something for
Christine, for my sake, won't you?
Helmer. Well, it is not altogether impossible. I presume you are a
widow, Mrs. Linde?
Mrs. Linde. Yes.
Helmer. And have had some experience of book-keeping?
Mrs. Linde. Yes, a fair amount.
Helmer. Ah! well, it's very likely I may be able to find something for you--
Nora(clapping her hands). What did I tell you? What did I tell you?
Helmer. You have just come at a fortunate moment, Mrs. Linde.
Mrs. Linde. How am I to thank you?
Helmer. There is no need. (Puts on his coat.) But today you must excuse
me--
Rank. Wait a minute; I will come with you. (Brings his fur coat from the
hall and warms it at the fire.)
Nora. Don't be long away, Torvald dear.
Helmer. About an hour, not more.
Nora. Are you going too, Christine?
Mrs. Linde (putting on her cloak). Yes, I must go and look for a room.
Helmer. Oh, well then, we can walk down the street together.
Nora(helping her). What a pity it is we are so short of space here; I
am afraid it is impossible for us--
Mrs. Linde. Please don't think of it! Goodbye, Nora dear, and many
thanks.
Nora. Goodbye for the present. Of course you will come back this
evening. And you too, Dr. Rank. What do you say? If you are well enough?
Oh, you must be! Wrap yourself up well.
(They go to the door all talking together. Children's voices are heard on the staircase.)
Nora. There they are! There they are! (She runs to open the door. The
NURSE comes in with the children.) Come in! Come in! (Stoops and kisses
them.) Oh, you sweet blessings! Look at them, Christine! Aren't they
darlings?
Rank. Don't let us stand here in the draught.
《玩偶之家》剧构分析(精品文档)
《玩偶之家》剧构分析 《玩偶之家》是一部出色的佳构剧，它遵循“三一律”的原则，其出场人物以及人物活动空间的高度集中，全局情节也比较简单，始终围绕着“海尔茂和娜拉如何对待八年前的一张借据”一条线索展开。作者还使用了“倒溯法”，使戏剧矛盾集中突出，将复杂的矛盾集中为精炼的情节，一开场剧情便出现了一个矛盾发展的小高潮。 通过柯洛克斯泰之口，我们了解到一个十分重要的事件：八年前，娜拉由于帮丈夫治病，在父亲过世后，以假冒签名的借据向柯洛克斯泰借了一笔钱。这一关键事件对于推动情节的发展和主要人物关系的变化一起着决定性的作用，在此，我们看见了主人公尽似完美的夫妻关系下隐藏的危机。在这一场里，柯洛克斯泰威胁娜拉，并由此揭示出了另外两组人物的矛盾冲突：海尔茂和柯洛克斯泰之间，海尔茂和娜拉之间。海尔茂准备辞退柯洛克斯泰，而柯洛克斯泰为了保住银行的职位不得不对娜拉进行威胁。海尔茂道貌岸然，对娜拉要求严格，而娜拉却在八年前伪造借据，犯下忌讳，独自还债，唯恐暴露。易卜生安排柯洛克斯泰短暂的出场便迅速的进入了戏剧的主题，使得情节非常简洁、紧凑。 其后，柯洛克斯泰为了保住工作而写信威胁，加速了娜拉的紧迫感，进一步激化矛盾，使人物的心理活动和内在性格也越来越清晰。第三幕柯洛克斯泰又把借据寄还给娜拉，在主人公之间关系极度恶化的时候，他的这封来信让海尔茂转危为安，对待娜拉的态度再次骤变，让娜拉同时也让观众洞悉了海尔茂的虚伪，成为推动娜拉决然离开的决定性力量。 本剧利用高度集中的时间、空间，将复杂的矛盾冲突紧密环绕在一起，更加深化了人物性格。全剧大概有七段人物关系：娜拉与海尔茂；娜拉与柯洛克斯泰；娜拉与林丹太太；娜拉与阮克大夫；海尔茂与柯洛克斯泰；海尔茂与阮克大夫；柯洛克斯泰与林丹太太。相互交织的人物关系对使得情节更加集中，结构更加紧凑凝练，娜拉和海尔茂的关系为主线，穿插其他的人物关系，相互交织相互影响，比如海尔茂与柯洛克斯泰之间的矛盾并不是通过正面冲突展现的，他们两人并没有正面交锋，它只是造成柯洛克斯泰和娜拉冲突关系的原因之一，表面上看是娜拉和柯洛克斯泰的矛盾实际上是娜拉和海尔茂之间的冲突。而洛克斯泰和林丹太太的爱情关系使得剧情集中又简练，柯洛克斯泰与林丹太太的矛盾解开了，在其影响下，柯洛克斯泰把借据退回去，这一行动又直接导致了主人公关系的新的发展，并解除了海尔茂与柯洛克斯泰、娜拉与柯洛克斯泰间的矛盾。经过一系列的发展，最终只剩下了娜拉和海尔茂之间的对立，将戏剧冲突剔除了“谎言”的外壳，引向人性对立的实质。这一系列的转变都环环相扣入情入理。通过这样人物关系的设置，结构更加集中，情节也更加有理有据，体现了剧作家高超的编剧技巧。
《玩偶之家》娜拉形象分析
11级师范一班尹宝玉 2011071026 《玩偶之家》中娜拉形象分析 《玩偶之家》的描写场面不是富丽堂皇的宫殿城堡，精致优雅的别墅，而是平凡普通的家庭，全剧是在海尔茂和娜拉的家里展开的，作品一开始就向读者展示了一幅小康家庭的日常生活图景，这样的图景很容易使读者拉近作品与现实之间的距离。 娜拉她善良单纯，有热心肠，优雅可人，并且孝顺，更可贵的是她对海尔茂坚贞不渝的爱情。首先，开场中娜拉对脚夫的赏赐，体现出她对于下层人民的同情与帮助，从侧面反映出了她的善良、质朴与纯真。她的好友林丹太太向她求助，请求她劝说她的丈夫为自己在银行中寻求职位时，娜拉也是毫不犹豫的答应了，并且以实际行动帮助了林丹太太，这些都能够看出她的热心肠。其次，在娜拉父亲重病期间，娜拉她遇到了困难麻烦，宁愿冒着名誉被毁的危险，自己假冒父亲签字，也没有把借据邮寄给她的父亲，她不想让她的父亲担心她，“难道法律不许女儿想法子让病得快死的父亲少受些烦恼吗？”这是娜拉说的话，足见她的孝顺。 但是这个优雅的可人，在家庭中却没有什么地位，她就连吃杏仁饼干都要藏着掖着，怕她丈夫海尔茂发现，这就暗示了她在家中的卑微地位。从她的丈夫称呼她为“小鸟儿”、“小松鼠”、“乱花钱的孩子”和“不懂事的孩子”这些称呼中，就能够看出来，在海尔茂的眼中，自己的妻子就是一个大孩子，单纯可爱，不谙世事，这个“大孩子”的一切行动都要受他支配，听他指挥，他曾说“你的事情都由我做主，都由我指点”。如果不是柯洛克斯泰以她伪造签名来要挟她的话，这长达八年之久的婚姻或许不会这么快分崩离析，娜拉她的确是一个不谙世事的“大孩子”，在面对债主的威逼利诱，她不知道如何应对，总说“没有的事，不会有的事”，来自欺欺人，最后她甚至想独自承担这一切的后果，以自杀来逃避现实的残酷。其实，在娜拉身处险境的时候，在她的内心深处，她仍然祈祷着海尔茂能够坚定的同她站在一起，希望奇迹的出现，希望海尔茂是一个勇于为自己妻子承担责任的男子，但是海尔茂的表现，让娜拉彻底的明白了，她的丈夫从来就没有了解过她，她受尽了委屈，她冒着身败名裂的危险拯救她病危的丈夫，为了不让她的丈夫为此感到不安和耻辱，她独自一个人保守着这个秘密，后来为了还债，她做点轻巧的活计，像编织、绣花一类事情，她甚至还从事抄写工作，省吃俭用为还贷款，当她的丈夫知道真相后，却辱骂她，如同娜拉做了多么让他无法忍受的事情一般。在这骂声之中，娜拉明白了她说“在这儿我是你的‘玩偶老婆’，正像我在家里是我父亲的‘玩偶女儿’一样”。 自此，娜拉拥有了女性的觉醒意识，她想要弄清楚，究竟是社会正确，还是她自己正确，并且娜拉还有反宗教意识，她说“现在我只信，首先我是一个人，跟你一样的一个人——至少我要学做一个人”，因此，娜拉勇敢地离家出走，找寻答案。
浅析《玩偶之家》
浅析《玩偶之家》 亨利克·约翰·易卜，是众口皆碑的现代散文剧之父，同时也是现实主义戏剧大师。他以社会问题剧而闻名于世, 被誉为“欧洲现代戏剧之父”。面向社会, 面向现实的人生是他的剧作的最大特点。他的整个创作生涯恰值十九世纪后半叶。在他的笔下，欧洲资产阶级的形象比在莎士比亚、莫里哀笔下显得更腐烂、更丑恶，也更令人憎恨。他的犀利的笔锋饱含着愤激的热情，戳穿了资产阶级在道德、法律、宗教、教育以及家庭关系多方面的假面具，揭露了整个资本主义社会的虚伪和荒谬。《玩偶之家》就是对于资本主义私有制下的婚姻关系、对于资产阶级的男权中心思想的一篇控诉书。《玩偶之家》是易卜生在1879年创作的戏剧，当时资本主义的弊端日益显现，社会矛盾激化，人们在金钱面前的自私自利、虚伪的丑陋面目显露无疑。为了抢夺金钱，不顾友情、亲情、爱情，在他们眼中，金钱就是一切。这些资产者的丑陋行为在海尔茂的身上得到了完整的诠释，娜拉于他来说只一件是玩具。易卜生一直认为，夫妻不仅要共同生活，更要平等相处，自由发展自我的个性，这种观念在《玩偶之家》中得到了充分的体现。剧中，女主人公娜拉在家庭生活中不断成长不断觉醒，成为思想成熟的先进女性，认识到了自己在家庭里“玩偶”的地位，于是进行反抗，离家出走。然而本剧是带有欺骗性的，在表象的外衣下人们往往看不清人物的真实性格和真实情况，直到最后才有一个清楚的认识。 《玩偶之家》讲了这样一个故事：娜拉和海尔茂是一对夫妻。一次海尔茂病危，为了挽救丈夫的性命，娜拉伪造父亲的签名借得了一笔款项，海尔茂转危为安。几年后，海尔茂升任银行经理，并准备裁退一个职员，没想到这个职员却正好是娜拉从前的借款人。职员以当年伪造签名的事来要挟娜拉，将此事写成信寄给海尔茂。海尔茂看到信后，恼羞成怒，痛斥娜拉让他面临身败名裂的险境。这时，职员却因遇到旧情人而重新燃起生活的勇气，将借据退还给了海尔茂。正当海尔茂庆幸事情已经过去的时候，娜拉却因看清楚自己在家庭中的玩偶地位，离家出走。 看完整个剧本，从爱情观的角度来看，海尔茂全心的爱着这位妻子。 8年来，都像孩子一样的宠爱她。其中很多的对白，显示了一种大男子主义情结。或许像中国古代一样，封建制度造就了男尊女卑的地位，但是一个男性，能够如宠爱一个孩子般的宠爱自己的妻子是很不容易的。再者就是名誉的问题，一个男人把名誉看的比生命还要重要，海尔茂说：“娜拉，我愿意为你日夜工作，我愿意为你受穷受苦。可是男人不能为他爱的女人牺牲自己的名誉。”这多少与中国或日本的传统有些相似，我想这并不能归责于资本主义的劣根性吧。娜拉没有任何社会经验，只是用孩子般的心态与海尔茂相处，而海尔茂也乐意充当父亲的角色，替她安排一切。而故事的结局是娜拉指责海尔茂从未与她进行一场认真的交谈，任何事物都是相互的，一个心态不成熟的主人公，在故事的结局，作者也并没有交待她的结局。用出走来对抗资本主义的法律制度的无情，似乎有些力不从心。 剧本的林丹太太似乎是唯一能看清现实的人，她一在的劝娜拉告诉海尔茂事情的真相，她利用尼尔·柯洛克斯泰来满足自己空虚的意愿，她们作为悲剧生活下的牺牲品，都是为名利所累。林丹太太利用她的爱情去挽救娜拉的名誉，而在最重要的关头，她却突然醒悟，真正的夫妻应该是没有所谓的秘密的。作为一个独立的个体，每个人都应该有属于自己内心的东西，即使是夫妻，有些东西毕竟还是自己去消化。毕竟每一段婚姻都不是没有瑕疵的，或者我猜想，果尼尔·柯洛克斯泰把信拿走了，娜拉夫妇之间还藏着这个秘密，她们也许能像以前那样快乐的生活，继续欢乐的歌唱。那娜拉也不会觉醒，而继续做他的泥娃娃。当然，这并不符合作者的原意，也揭露不了资本主义制度下的法律的无情。娜拉一直在指责法律的无情，而就算在中国社会，一个儒家思想统治了几千年的中国，法律一样是冷酷无情的。或许我们会探讨到底娜拉伪造签字应不应该，当然从理性的角度来说，她当然是错了，而她的
浅析玩偶之家
浅析《玩偶之家》 摘要：《玩偶之家》是易卜生一部著名的社会问题剧，在当时产生了不小的影响，它引起了当时的社会大众对妇女自由这一人性权利的关注，这对男权至上的社会思想观念无疑是巨大的撼动，这也促进了当时社会女性的觉醒进程。剧中娜拉的女性形象揭示着人性权利的解放，向往自由的主题，同时也在批判着以海尔茂为代表的资产阶级内心的丑恶和虚伪。这种思想在当时是具有超越性的，所以也不难理解《玩偶之家》演出后为何在当时会引起巨大地社会性争论。可正是作品的超越性给《玩偶之家》附上了更深的含义，隐含的政治性问题更是增加了作品的深层次内涵，但是这也正印证了社会意识对社会存在是具有反作用的哲学性命题，换言之，《玩偶之家》作为一部优秀的剧作品，是带有哲学性思考的。 关键词：玩偶觉醒爱情观性疾病 《玩偶之家》是易卜生所创作的名剧之一，此部剧作品是社会问题剧的典型代表。所谓“社会问题剧”是指丹麦评论家勃兰克斯所提出的“文学要有生气，就必须提出问题来”，用现实主义方法描写现实生活的一系列戏剧，社会问题剧作品中的人物不具有单独的审美价值，而只是代表某个问题或某种思想的符号，剧作家通过这些符号和问题来表达主题和战斗性。《玩偶之家》贯彻了这一特点，通过鲜明的人物性格、行为来具体抒发主题的目的。海尔茂、娜拉都是易卜生塑造的这类典型，易卜生也正是通过对两人的动作、语言的描述，从而表现出作品的思想内涵。这使得作品更加有品味性，能够使读者自觉地去思考、领悟作品所传达出的意义，使其能够有一个较为深刻持久的印象，甚至是影响读者现实生活的行为，二十世纪的欧洲、中国都是受其影响较大且突出的地区，可见其影响力。《玩偶之家》作为一部社会问题剧取得了巨大成功，但其原因何在？我认为主要应归功于主题思想的深刻性，主题思想贯穿于整部剧作品当中，任何读者想要真正去了解作品，这都是不可回避的而且需要认真感悟地。《玩偶之家》主题深刻性表现在其具体三大主题上，即本篇文字需讨论的三大方面。第一方面，从现代家庭中的妇女平等权利问题出发，这部戏剧开篇以甜腻的恋人般的夫妻关系展现在读者面前，娜拉被海尔茂亲密地称为“小鸟儿”、“小宝贝”、“小松鼠”，而娜拉表现出来的同样是甜蜜可爱，这一切似乎是在告诉读者，这将是一个幸福的家庭。而当“灾祸”来临之时，这一切都土崩瓦解了，甜蜜的爱情不过是过眼云烟，令读者的心颓然掉落，以现在的眼光来看待，这时的“灾祸”不过是娜拉对海尔茂爱的表现，娜拉眼中的奇迹不会黯然失色，而应该是海尔茂作为娜拉丈夫的深深地感动。而这里所说的一切没有实现，而是成为了另一番景象——爱情、家庭都破碎了。在某种方面来说，这样的结果并不是作者易卜生故意而为，而是由剧中人物的性格决定的，海尔茂虽对娜拉极其体贴，但其内心其实是以自我为中心的，并没有真实考虑过娜拉的想法，一切以自我喜恶为标准，且使得娜拉某种程度上成为了它的“玩偶”，也使得妇女的平等权利受到了侵犯。娜拉在剧开篇之时，对海尔茂表现的十分依顺，但是随着娜拉的事迹展露，即为借贷给海尔茂治病而伪造娜拉父亲签名，这在当时是违背法律的，当柯洛克斯泰以此为威胁时，海尔茂大发雷霆，觉得这将毁灭自己的名誉与前途，因此不顾一切地对娜拉予以指责，称娜拉是“伪君子”，“不讲道德，没有责任心”，并称“你把我的幸福全都葬送了，我的前途也让你葬送了”“我这场大祸都是一个下贱的女人惹出来的”，海尔茂不顾及丝毫夫妻之情，将娜拉作为所有问题的始作俑者，但是，当柯洛克斯泰将借据归还时，海尔茂又重新对娜拉亲昵起来，这正是显露出海尔茂的虚伪，娜拉真切地看到了海尔茂的柔弱、妥协，也看到了海尔茂对她的不尊重。这是对当时社会的
《玩偶之家》阅读答案
玩偶之家 提示： 《玩偶之家》描写了娜拉和丈夫海尔茂之间的冲突，娜拉的丈夫像对待宠物一样地喜爱娜拉，却无情地剥夺了娜拉的独立人格;在一系列矛盾冲突中，他最后暴露了自私虚伪的一面，使娜拉感到震惊与绝望，她愤然离家出走。 娜拉照我现在的样子，我不能跟你做夫妻。 海尔茂我有勇气重新再做人。 娜拉在你的泥娃娃离开你以后――也许有。 海尔茂要我跟你分手?不，娜拉，不行!这是不能设想的事情。 娜拉要是你不能设想，咱们更应该分开。(走进右边屋子，拿着外套、帽子和旅行小提包又走出来，把东西搁在桌子旁边椅子上。) 海尔茂娜拉，娜拉，现在别走。明天再走。 娜拉(穿外套)我不能再在生人家里过夜。 海尔茂难道我们不能像哥哥妹妹那样过日子? 娜拉(戴帽子)你知道那种日子长不了。(围披肩)托伐，再见。我不去看孩子了。 海尔茂可是，娜拉，将来总有一天―― 娜拉那就难说了。我不知道以后会怎么样。 海尔茂无论怎么样，你还是我的老婆。 娜拉托伐，我告诉你。我听人说，要是一个女人像我这样从丈夫家里走出去，按法律说，她就解除了丈夫对她的一切义务。不管法律是不是这样，我现在把你对我的义务全部解除。你不受我的约束，我也不受你的约束。双方都有绝对的自由。拿去，这是你的戒指，把我的也还给我。
海尔茂连戒指都要还? 娜拉要还。 海尔茂拿去。 娜拉好。现在事情完了。我把钥匙都搁在这儿。 海尔茂完了!完了!娜拉，你永远都不会想我了吧? 娜拉嗯，我会时常想到你，想到孩子们，想到这个家。 海尔茂我可以给你写信吗? 娜拉不，千万别写信。 海尔茂可是我总得给你寄点儿―― 娜拉什么都不用寄。 海尔茂你手头不方便的时候我得帮点忙。 娜拉不必，我不接受生人的帮助。 海尔茂娜拉，难道我永远都只是个生人? 娜拉(拿起手提包)托伐，那就要等奇迹中的奇迹发生了。 海尔茂什么叫奇迹中的奇迹? 娜拉那就是说，咱们俩得改变到――托伐，我现在不相信世界上有奇迹了。 海尔茂可是我信。你说下去!咱们俩得改变到什么样子? 娜拉改变到咱们俩在一起过日子真正像夫妻。再见。(她从门厅走出去。)海尔茂(倒在靠门的一张椅子里，双手蒙着脸。)娜拉!娜拉!(四面望望，站起身来)屋子空了。她走了。(心里闪出一个新希望)啊!奇迹中的奇迹!― (楼下砰的一响传来关大门的声音)。
玩偶之家的意象分析
?１４１? 《中国商界》２０１０年３月总第１９４ 期一、引言 所谓意象，即以语言这一符号来刺激读者视觉、听觉等感官系统，使读者形象地体会作者要表达的复杂抽象的感情思想，去体会“义中之象”。它是主观情境与客观物象的结合，有着多重的功用。在戏剧《玩偶之家》中，各种意象俯拾皆是，处处蕴藏着丰富的弦外之音。二、原型意象易卜生将现实世界溶进神话原型、原始意象之中，或者相反地把神话原型、原始意象搬进现实的理性世界里，通过原型意象折射出作者对现世人生和生命奥秘的洞察和理解。１．１树作为西方典型的原型意象，“树”暗示伊甸园中的生命之树或智慧树。伊甸园是无知无觉、无须劳碌的美妙世界，但却以无知识、盲目为代价。本剧中树以“圣诞树”的形象多次重复出现，赋予了丰富的原型意义。主人公娜拉就生活在这个幻想的“伊甸园”中，编织着她的梦想：海尔茂正直、无私，是具有责任心、道德勇气和领袖精神的男人，而她则无忧无虑地生活在这个男人的庇护下。然而生活是残酷的，智慧树上的果实象征着生活的真知。伪造签字事件暴露之后，娜拉充分认识到海尔茂自私胆怯市侩的本性，她的觉醒被唤起。圣诞树同时也是一颗希望之树，象征着幻想破灭之后，真正的希望来临，同时也象征着娜拉的新生。正如娜拉出走时的“砰”的关门声，给我们带来了对未来的希望。１．２ 冬季在弗雷泽的学术名著《金枝》里，冬季被看成是讽刺剧的原型，而本剧的故事就发生在具有浓重讽刺色彩的冬季。在故事的开始，圣诞节快到了，“幸福的家庭”充满节日的气象。海尔茂有望晋升银行经理，娜拉采购东西快活极了；但“生活风暴”即将来临，种种讽刺的戏码开始上演。娜拉以为海尔茂是安全的港湾，正如海尔茂所宣称的：“你在这儿很安全，我可以保护你，像保护一只从鹰爪底下救出来的小鸽子一样”。 娜拉深信：“这件事发生后，我十分肯定你将站出来承担一切责任，并且说‘一切是我的过失。’”但海尔茂得知借款事件时的反应却是大发雷霆，咒骂娜拉做出丢人的事，害他身败名裂。尽管娜拉最终从幻想中清醒过来，但这个过程却充满了讽刺。而自以为坚强、勇敢、可靠、不凡的海尔茂八年来却一直受到他视为弱者的妻子的保护。他将娜拉看成是自己的玩偶，是一个只会“乱花钱的”“不懂事的”小东西，然而就是这么一个“小鸟儿”却在他借债让他去南方疗养并且瞒着他做抄写来还债。海尔茂没有保护娜拉，而且当危机来临时将责任全部推给她。全剧还充满着对资本主义社会中金钱关系、法律制度的讽刺。夫妻之间地位不平等表现在男女主角之间金钱关系的不平等。海尔茂还是个不富裕的律师时，娜拉过圣诞节要“打饥荒”，在海尔茂爬到银行经理的职位时，仍要向他一点一点的乞讨。三、具体意象语言并不能涵盖人类生活的全部，许多现象事物，包括人类自身的某些东西是语言难以表述和究明的。这个时候人们便常常假借象征来解释语言所不能明示的，而象征往往是以各种具体的意象或形象为载体。在本剧中有很多具体可感的意象或形象，代表或暗示含义相当或超越这一意象的另一意象或深刻哲理以及人生感悟和情感体验。２．１小孩、小松鼠、小鸟儿一方面，海尔茂对娜拉的称呼，娜拉与海尔茂的交谈中娜拉说的话总是被海尔茂体贴温柔的三言两语加以抵制，从而体现了父权制社会的一个严酷事实：女性实际上非但没有独立的生活空间，而且也没有独立思考想象的余地，女性只是男人的一个玩偶。另一方面，男权《玩偶之家》的意象分析 文／朱红飞 【摘 要】 关于易卜生《玩偶之家》的讨论，人们大多从女权主义或社会问题的角度来阐释作品主题、分析人物；或用精神分析法来讨论两性关系；或分析该剧的艺术结构和道德伦理问题。本文旨在分析《玩偶之家》的主要意象，剖析其象征意义，揭示其在诠释深化主题、塑造人物性格、展示人物关系、推动情节发展等方面的巨大作用。【关键词】 易卜生 戏剧 原型 意象 话语所主宰的社会导致了娜拉用男人的眼光、价值尺度衡量自己， 沉迷于所谓的美满幸福的爱情与家庭生活，甘于充当男人的附庸—“你的小松鼠”“你的小鸟儿”。她并没有因为丈夫对她的态度而表现出丝毫不满，相反却流溢出由衷的幸福感。２．２塔兰特拉土风舞舞蹈本是表达宣泄自己情感的一种方式，但是，我们可以发现娜 拉连跳舞也不能自主决定。海尔茂要求绝望的娜拉跳得“慢一点！慢一点”，“别这么使劲儿”；当娜拉“跳得越来越疯狂”的时候，海尔茂的反应是“这简直是胡闹！”对海尔茂而言，娜拉的舞蹈只不过是他用来向他人展示的装饰品而已，这个装饰品完全是按照他的爱好设计 的。他不允许这个装饰品稍有自己的意志，从而彻底的暴露了海尔茂对娜拉玩偶地位的定位。娜拉在舞会上所跳的塔兰特拉土风舞也预示着这个貌似平静的家庭生活终于要被打乱，无可避免地走向分崩离析。而娜拉这个被束缚的玩偶最终挣脱了海尔茂的控制，走出家门，跳出真正属于自己的自由的舞蹈。２．３面具和关门声“海尔茂穿者大礼服，外面罩着一件附带假面具的黑舞衣”。假面具这一意象在文中只出现这一次，但是对海尔茂的性格塑造和思想展现却有着极其重要的作用：面具象征着海尔茂虚伪的性格。借据事件爆发时，海尔茂一反往日情态，自己撕下一层假面具变幻出另一副嘴脸，狰狞可怕。一瞬间，娜拉由“我的小宝贝儿”、“我的小松鼠儿”、“我 的小鸟儿”变成了“你这坏东西”、“下贱女人”。他发誓说：“常常盼望有桩危险的事情威胁你，好让我拚着命，牺牲一切去救你”但转眼之间，他便现出了伪君子的原形。同时，戏剧结尾娜拉“砰”的一声关门而去，从中我们感受到了传统势力弦线崩断的巨大张力，一只曾被束缚在丝线上“闻乐起舞”的自由精灵终于展开了翱翔的翅膀，飞离了玩偶之家，飞向了自由的天空。２．４黑色染克说下一次化装舞会他将扮成“戴一顶大黑帽子”的“隐身人”，他向海尔茂要雪茄时着重指明是“那种黑的哈瓦那”。当然，最突出的是名片上的“黑十字”。黑色作为死亡的象征，首先是指他本人的死，但它也渲染着那拉此时必死的决心。此外，从情节发展来看，它表示那拉的早年假冒签字借债尽管费尽心力，已无可补救。可是从深一个层次来看，它象征着娜拉幻想的破灭，家庭中那种平静和谐状态的终结；以及夫妻间不可逃避的“算总帐”和“总崩溃”。染克的病态和死亡作为一种象征或意象，和整个戏之间有一种深刻的内在联系。四、结论意象象征能在形象简约而富有特征化的意象的营构中，丰富地揭示人的内心深处的隐秘，具有浓郁的概括力和感染力，故而成为文学家格外钟情的一种艺术手段。具有特定象征意义的意象也是易卜生戏剧 中用来传达某种精神体验、暗示微妙的内心世界、预示人物特殊的命运而广泛采用的表现手法。在本剧中，易卜生成功地运用了“象征”手法，借助原型意象和一些具体而微的文学意象，来表现某种感觉、情思、意志或观念。［参考文献］［１］弗利茨?保尔．“易卜生和十九世纪末对象征的释义”．李士勋译．《易 卜生评论集》．北京．外语教学与研究出版社．１９８２［２］《易卜生戏剧集》．潘家洵译．北京．人民文学出版社． ２００６作者简介：朱红飞，女，汉（１９７７——）湖南浏阳人，现任单位：广东技术师范学院天河学院，研究方向：英美文学。
《玩偶之家》赏析
《玩偶之家》赏析 作者简介： 亨利克·约翰·易卜生（1828年3月20日－1906年5月23日），生于挪威希恩，是一位影响深远的挪威剧作家，被称为"现代戏剧之父"。他是世界文学史上最伟大的名字之一。他是欧洲知识界取得现代突破的中心人物。他的剧作仍然具有巨大的现实意义，仍在世界各地继续上演。据说，易卜生是继莎士比亚之后在世界上被上演最多的剧作家。 易卜生共出版过26部戏剧和一部诗集，其作品常被划分为四个部分： 民族浪漫历史剧 其中包括从《凯蒂琳》（1850年）到《觊觎王位的人》（1863年）等剧作 思想剧 《爱情喜剧》（1877年）、《布朗德》（1866年）、《培尔?金特》（1867）和《皇帝与加利利人》（1873年） 当代现实剧（又称四大社会问题剧） 《社会支柱》（1877年）、《玩偶之家》（1879年）、《群鬼》）（1881年）、《人民公敌》（1873年） 心理与象征剧 《野鸭》（1884年）、《罗斯莫庄》（1886年）、《海上夫人》（1888年）、《海达?高布乐》（1890年）、《建筑师》（1892年）、《小艾友夫》（1894年）、《约翰?盖勃吕尔?博克曼》（1896）和《当咱们死人醒来的时候》（1899）。 摘要： 《玩偶之家》，作于1879年，《玩偶之家》是易卜生的代表作，也是与妇女问题密切相关的一部杰作。这部作品的主题思想突出，全剧通过写女主人娜拉和男主人海尔茂由一对恩恩爱爱的夫妻转变为关系破裂的陌路人，一个幸福美满的家庭转变为破裂的家庭，通过娜拉从是丈夫和父亲的玩偶转变为一个坚强、独立的女性，深刻揭露了资产阶级社会男女不平等、以男权为中心的社会现实，批判了资产阶级社会的虚伪和不合理。 内容： 娜拉和海尔茂8年的“恩爱”生活在一纸票据面前竟然显得那么不堪一击，这不由令人想起一位作家的慨叹：你怎么夸张，夸张不过生活，你怎么想像，想像不过现实！复杂的生活矛盾背后隐藏着深刻的社会问题，这一切却在情节的发展中让读者看了个明白。剧情被巧妙安排在圣诞节前后3
玩偶之家娜拉的人物形象分析
玩偶之家娜拉的人物形象分析 《玩偶之家》，19世纪挪威最伟大的戏剧家亨利克?易卜生的著名社会剧。作于1879年。女主人公娜拉出身中等家庭，美丽活泼，天真热情。她热烈而真诚地爱着自己的丈夫海尔茂。为替丈夫治病，她曾冒名举债，又熬夜抄写文件，挣钱、省钱，偷偷还债。如果需要，她甚至表示可以为丈夫而死。但她的丈夫(过去的银行职员，现在的银行经理)，却是个虚伪自私的资产阶级市侩，他平时管她叫“小鸟儿”、“小松鼠儿”，可一旦知道娜拉曾冒名举债，危及自己的社会名声和地位时，便一反常态，大骂她是“犯罪女人”，还扬言要剥夺他教育子女的权利，要对她进行法律、宗教制裁。后来，当债主受女友感化，退回了冒名借据时，他又转变态度，表示要永远爱她和保护她。经此转折，娜拉终于看清了自己的“泥娃娃”处境，发现自己不过是丈夫的“玩偶”，于是对保护这家庭关系的资产阶级法律、道德、宗教，提出了严重怀疑和激烈批判，并毅然离开了这个“玩偶之家”。娜拉是个具有资产阶级个性解放思想的叛逆女性。她对社会的背叛和弃家出走，被誉为妇女解放的“独立宣言”。 恩格斯在给保尔,恩格斯的信中说:“挪威的小资产阶级妇女比起德国的小市民妇女来，简直是相隔天壤。”这句话多半就是指娜拉这类挪威女人说的。娜拉的形象表现了当时挪威社会的特征。这个在资本主义社会中为争取妇女独立人格而斗争的先进妇女形象，不仅是挪威文学中光辉的艺术形象，而且也是欧洲资产阶级文学中著名形象之一，它至今仍然用以鼓舞资本主义国家中的人民为争取自由权利而斗争。 在戏剧《玩偶之家》中，易卜生着重描写了她的“精神叛逆”。娜拉和海尔茂生活了八年之后，逐渐认识到自己的可悲的社会地位:结婚前，她是属于父亲的;结
说课《玩偶之家》
《玩偶之家》说课稿 中文系魏莉 各位评委，大家好。我说课的题目是《玩偶之家》，我将从教材分析、教法分析、学法指导以及教学过程四方面对本课进行说明。 一、教材分析。 此部分，我将从以下五个角度进行分析：（授课对象、教材联系、教学内容、教学目标、教学重、难点） 本课内容隶属于《外国文学史》学科，授课对象为高职汉语言文学专业的学生，是中文系必修的专业理论课。通过文学史的介绍、经典作家作品的解读,使学生扩展视野,丰富知识, 提高艺术鉴赏力，增强人文精神的, 树立正确的世界观和人生观。 《玩偶之家》位于教材第八章十九世纪后期现实主义文学的第四节，是挪威著名“社会问题剧”作家易卜生的代表作，描写的是娜拉识破丈夫海尔茂自私、虚伪的面目,认识到自己所处的玩偶地位，继而离家出走的故事,揭露了资产阶级家庭关系的虚伪,揭示了资本主义社会法律、宗教、道德的不合理,提出了妇女解放这一重大的社会问题。前一节课已经介绍了易卜生的生平、创作概况及其对文学的重要贡献，在学生已阅读《玩偶之家》剧本的基础上开始本节的教学。 本节课介绍《玩偶之家》情节，使学生掌握作品主题、娜拉形象和艺术特色，探究造成其玩偶地位的多种原因，并且通过中国文人对娜拉出路
的解读，培养学生的独立意识，为步入社会做好准备。 按照大纲要求，结合作品内容，确定教学目标如下： 1、知识目标：掌握作品思想内容、娜拉形象和艺术特色。 2、能力目标：通过分析娜拉形象，提高学生理解把握作品的能力，并以此提高学生的语言表达能力、思维能力与审美能力。 3、情感目标：通过娜拉的遭遇对学生进行人生观、家庭观的教育，培养独立、自信的意识。 把学生培养成为具有“高境界的理想、信念与责任感，强烈的自主精神，坚强的意志”等素养的人才不仅是“全人教育”的教育理念，也是素质教育的宗旨，是21世纪人才规格的重要标准。从此出发，文学课不仅要传授给学生理论知识，还担负着启迪人生，陶冶情操，树立正确的人生观的义务。虽然此剧反映的是近两个世纪前挪威的婚姻家庭问题，但其所提倡的女性在精神上的独立，对尚未谈婚论嫁、面临严峻就业形势的大学生仍具有巨大的人生启示作用，因此我将教学重点、难点确定为探究娜拉玩偶地位原因，思考人生道路问题。 在整个教学过程当中，我将采用提问引导法、小组讨论法来解析重难点，完成教学目标。 这是我对教材的分析。 二、教法分析。 以学生为中心，考虑学生的实际情况和需求，充分发挥学生的自主能力，调动学生学习的积极性和兴趣，这是教学的宗旨，也是建构主义教学理论所提倡的教学方法。根据这一教学理念并结合本学科人文学科的性质，我将努力由知识的传授者转变为学生主动建构意义的促进者，启迪学生的
《玩偶之家》人物关系分析
《玩偶之家》中人物关系分析 戏剧《玩偶之家》是易卜生的代表作。剧本结构紧凑，情节集中。全剧采用回溯的手法，通过柯洛克斯泰的要挟，海尔茂收到揭发信，交代剧情发展的关键事件娜拉伪造签名，然后集中刻画他们冲突、决裂的过程。 一、《玩偶之家》复杂多变的人物关系网与矛盾线索 《玩偶之家》共织造了五个来自社会不同阶层的人物，娜拉、海尔茂、林丹太太、柯洛克斯泰、阮克医生。他们每人都有着一个神秘的心灵世界，都肩负着多种不同的角色，有着明暗不同的两重乃至多重关系，由此构成错综复杂而又多变的人物关系网络。 海尔茂过了年就要当上银行经理，前途无量；娜拉贤惠孩子们可爱，他们一家人的生活表面上是和谐、幸福的。随着林丹太太的出场、柯洛克斯泰被辞退，阮克医生的死亡，剧情变得复杂起来了。娜拉与海尔茂，夫唱妇随、举案齐眉。但是，八年前娜拉背着海尔茂做了假冒签名借款一事，无形之中在他们夫妻关系破裂埋下了隐患。娜拉和柯洛克斯泰，表面上并无往来，实际上却是借钱人和债权人的关系。海尔茂和柯洛克斯泰，过去是关系不错的老同学，现在却是银行中的上司和下属，在戏剧发展中因柯洛克斯泰的失业，他们产生了矛盾，成为冲突的对立面。 林丹太太一身兼三职：娜拉大学时代的老同学，海尔茂银行的新职员，柯洛克斯泰的旧情人。对于整个剧情的发展，她起了导火索的作用，扮演了一个核心角色。剧本正是通过她和周围人物的各种纠葛，完成前情回顾。海尔茂为了显示自己的权威，准备解雇柯洛克斯泰，而柯洛克斯泰则用假冒签名的杀手锏予以反击。阮克医生是海尔茂一直的好朋友，但私下里却在爱着善良、美丽的娜拉。阮克医生还是柯洛克斯泰人品的披露者。林丹太太是娜拉的闺蜜兼老同学，也是柯洛克斯泰年轻时候的情人，现在却无意中踏上了和柯洛克斯泰争夺银行职位的独木桥，她还是力劝柯洛克斯泰收回成命，最终使矛盾缓解的解铃人。 这种极为凝炼而又脆弱的人际关系，为情节冲突的展开提供了广阔的活动领域。人物之间互相制约，只要爆发一个偶然事件，假冒签名一事就会真象大白，人物之间的关系就会产生冲撞而爆炸。易卜生紧紧扣住这一点，巧妙地安排了多年未曾走动过的林丹太太寻访娜拉。她的到来，是请娜拉帮她在海尔茂的银行中谋求职位。而这一职位正是柯洛克斯泰将要失去的位置，势必遭到柯洛克斯泰坚决的反抗。这一偶然事件的突发使人物之间的各种关系顿时紧张起来。于是，林丹太太这根涉及全剧关键的导火线开始点燃。戏剧展示了复杂人物关系中的两两一组又相对的性格、心态，两两相对的明暗关系就清晰跃然纸上。海尔茂前后判若两人的形象被艺术化设计出来，进一步让观众透过人物感受到无限的社会生活的内容，从而揭示了戏剧的深刻的批判性。在这张人物关系网上，娜拉始终处于网上的一个特殊点，以她为中心向外幅射，林丹太太则作为导火索，整个戏剧情节就沿着已经点燃了的人物性格演变而延伸。 二、人物关系中的四条矛盾线索。
《玩偶之家》说课讲解
《玩偶之家》
《玩偶之家》教案 教学目标 1.了解作者及其创作背景 2.作品人物的分析及作品的艺术特色 3.作品的探讨问题 教学思路 1.介绍作者及其作品的创作背景； 易卜生（1828——1906），挪威人，世界近代社会问题剧的始祖和最著名的作家，商人家庭出身。一生共写剧本26部。他是挪威人民引以自豪的戏剧大师、欧洲近代戏剧新纪元的开创者，他在戏剧史上享有同莎士比亚和莫里哀一样不朽的声誉。易卜生的整个创作生涯恰值十九世纪后半叶。《玩偶之家》是易卜生根据他的亲身经历写成。女主人公原型劳拉·皮德生的经历与娜拉非常相似，她对丈夫基勒感情深厚，为了给丈夫治病，偷偷借债，到期还不上，伪造保人签字。事情暴露后，基勒暴跳如雷，责怪劳拉败坏了他的名誉，毁灭了他的前途。劳拉看到丈夫如此绝情，大出意外，精神受到打击，得了精神病，被送进了精神病院。基勒提出离婚，幸福家庭从此宣告完结。 2.人物分析； （1）主要人物 托伐·海尔茂。 娜拉──他的妻。 阮克医生。 林丹太太。 尼尔·柯洛克斯泰。 海尔茂夫妇的三个孩子。 安娜──孩子们的保姆。 爱伦──女佣人。 脚夫。
（2）剧中主要人物的分析 娜拉海尔茂 3.事件； 三幕话剧《玩偶之家》（A Doll's House）是易卜生的代表作，主要写主人公娜拉从爱护丈夫、信赖丈夫到与丈夫决裂，最后离家出走，摆脱玩偶地位的自我觉醒过程。主要情节；海尔茂律师刚谋到银行经理一职，正欲大展鸿图。他的妻子娜拉请他帮助老同学林丹太太找份工作，于是海尔茂解雇了手下的小职员柯洛克斯泰，准备让林丹太太接替空出的位置。娜拉前些年为给丈夫治病而借债，无意中犯了伪造字据罪，柯洛克斯泰拿着字据要挟娜拉。海尔茂看了柯洛克斯泰的揭发信后勃然大怒，骂娜拉是“坏东西”、“罪犯”、“下贱女人”，说自己的前程全被毁了。待柯洛克斯泰被林丹太太说动，退回字据时，海尔茂快活地叫道：“娜拉，我没事了，我饶恕你了。”但娜拉却不饶恕他，因为她已看清，丈夫关心的只是他的地位和名誉，所谓“爱”、“关心”，只是拿她当玩偶。于是她断然出走了。 4.艺术特色； 《玩偶之家》的主要艺术特色：结构严密完整；在悬念和伏笔的运用上很有特色；人物对话充满辩论色彩，把“讨论”带进戏剧；成功了运用“追溯法”。 ⑴、易卜生善于把复杂的生活矛盾集中为精炼的情节，他常常把剧情安排在矛盾发展的高潮，然后运用回溯手法，把前情逐步交代出来，使得矛盾的发展既合情合理，又有条不紊。主要矛盾是围绕“假冒签名”所引起的娜拉和海尔茂之间的矛盾，次要矛盾有娜拉和柯、林与柯、海与柯之间的矛盾。 ⑵、作者把剧情安排在圣诞节前后三天之内，借以突出渲染节日的欢乐气氛和家庭娜拉之间的对比，他以柯因被海辞退，利用借据来要挟娜拉为他保住职位这件事为主线，引出各种矛盾的交错展开，同时让女主人公在这短短三天之中，经历了一场激烈而复杂的内心斗争，从平静到混乱，从幻想到破裂，最后完成娜拉自我觉醒的过程，取得了极为强烈的戏剧效果。 ⑶、出场人物不多，除保姆、佣人和孩子外，只有五个人物，但每一个人都起着推动情节发展，突出主题的作用。 ⑷、剧中的对话也非常出色，既符合人物性格和剧情发展的要求，又富于说理性，有助于揭示主题，促使读者或观众对作者提出的社会问题产生强烈的印象，对后来现实主义剧的发展产生了很大的影响。 5.《玩偶之家》探讨的问题；
玩偶之家课用教案
《玩偶之家》的教案 【教材分析】 《玩偶之家》又译作《傀儡之家》或《娜拉》，是使易卜生闻名全世界的剧本，它通过女主人公娜拉与丈夫海尔茂之间由相亲相爱转为决裂的过程，探讨了资产阶级的婚姻问题，暴露男权社会与妇女解放之间的矛盾冲突，进而向资产阶级社会的宗教、法律、道德提出挑战，激励人们尤其是妇女为挣脱传统观念的束缚，为争取自由平等而斗争。 【教学目标】 1.通过对易卜生与《玩偶之家》的了解，引导同学正视现代社会中家庭及女性问题的重要性，强化尊重人、尊重女性的社会意识，倡导女性自尊、自爱、自信、自强。 2.了解“戏剧事件”对推动人物性格的冲突和发展的意义。 3.以该戏的结尾为例，认识近代戏剧和社会生活的紧密关系，以及由此带来的戏剧形式和表现手法上的革新。 【教学重难点】 1.理解金钱观、爱情观等因素造成女性悲剧命运的影响。 2．同学能感受分析《玩偶之家》中人物的个性化台词，把握人物的心理和个性，理解戏剧冲突的层次、原因。【教学过程】（鉴赏过程）
一．导入课题，初步感知 1．PPT出示课题。 2.简单了解作者易卜生生平及写作背景。 3.了解作品中的人物关系及故事矛盾冲突的导火线。（娜拉和海尔茂的冲突是由什么事件直接引发的？） 二．初读作品，理解内容 1.女主人公—娜拉 （1）娜拉性格分析，并阐述娜拉不断觉醒的过程： （2）理解娜拉是个觉醒中的资产阶级妇女形象，揭露出资产阶级社会的虚伪和不合理。 2.男主人公—海尔茂 海尔茂性格分析，了解海尔茂是一个自私和虚伪的资产者的形象。 3.林丹太太 (1)林丹太太性格分析，了解林丹太太也是一个资产阶级 新女性的代表； (2)从林丹太太和柯洛克斯泰的爱情悲剧中，揭示资本主 义社会中爱情受金钱支配的现实。 三、细读品悟，整体感知 1.动作是戏剧的核心和灵魂。《玩偶之家》中侧重于外部动作。《玩偶之家》戏剧冲突尖锐激烈，冲突中人物语言高度
玩偶之家娜拉形象分析
《玩偶之家》娜拉提纲 易卜生的代表作《玩偶之家》是一部三幕话剧，剧本将八年的时间浓缩到圣诞节前后三天，将主要戏剧冲突放在娜拉冒名借款被要挟的情节上，通过主人公的追溯交代了整个事件的来龙去脉，同时也清晰的为读者展现了剧中各个人物的特点。娜拉作为这部三幕话剧的女主人公，她的形象已经成为文学史中的经典，娜拉最终的出走，也被视为是对男权为中心的社会传统观念的反叛。本文将对娜拉这一形象进行进一步的探讨。 一、娜拉是谁 娜拉是平凡的家庭主妇：她温柔善良，疼爱孩子，爱护丈夫，誓死捍卫自己的家庭。 剧本开始于非常祥和的家庭氛围中，圣诞节的前夕，娜拉认真的准备着圣诞树和过节的礼物，丈夫亲昵的唤自己为“小鸟儿”、“小松鼠儿”，似乎对娜拉宠爱有加，让读者很是羡慕这样的家庭生活。但是这个家庭真如表面那样幸福吗？随着阅读的深入，实则不然，读者了解到八年来，娜拉一直在独自承受着一笔巨额的债务。 娜拉是个不平凡的女人：她在家庭遇到挫折的时候敢于担当，敢于拼尽全力去守卫自己的家庭，这样的行为与她的丈夫遇到困难时的态度形成了极大的反差。让读者不禁佩服这个女人的坚强和善良。发现到这个女人并不是只知道吃饼干带孩子的家庭主妇，
而是在遇到困难时，有勇气有智慧面对的女人。 在丈夫眼里，娜拉是个玩偶，她只需要扮演好她为人妻子为人母亲的角色就好。不需要有太多的思想和个人见解。 二、娜拉的成长 娜拉的成长不是突然的，也不是一蹴而就的，而是在八年的磨难中一步步成长的，在剧情的催化下一步步成熟的。娜拉的成长为她最后的出走提供了剧情的可能，也为她的觉醒做了很好的伏笔。从一开始，面对丈夫的病，父亲的去世，娜拉敢于担当，到后来面对珂洛克思泰的要挟她甚至敢用性命去一力承当，读者都可以看出，这个女人拥有的不仅仅是善良智慧，还有一颗坚毅的心。 娜拉的成长，是林丹太太促成的，是珂洛克思泰促成的，更是与她朝夕相处的丈夫促成的，这为她后来的觉醒的奠定了基础。 三、娜拉的觉醒 这部三幕话剧直到最后才让所有的矛盾爆发出来，达到剧情的高潮。到最后，当娜拉说出那一连串让丈夫有点不可思议的话的时候，读者是否也会感觉有点突然？！这个一心以家庭为中心的女人，怎么会突然之间就有了这么大的觉悟，有了自我觉醒的意识？ 其实细读文本这并不突然。早在之前，通过对娜拉心里的描写，她希望出现一个奇迹，她做好毅然赴死的最后决定，就已经可以看出她的深明大义，而最终没有等到她想要的奇迹，丈夫完
浅析《玩偶之家》人物形象及看法
龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fe9061230.html, 浅析《玩偶之家》人物形象及看法 作者：唐帮琴 来源：《青年文学家》2017年第36期 摘要：“女性觉醒”这个话题经久不衰，在历史滚滚浪涛下，拍打出一部一部的经典之作。从国内的《伤逝》到国外的《简爱》、《德伯家的苔丝》等，无不潜藏着女性觉醒的幼苗。众所周知，亨利克·易卜生的《玩偶之家》，无疑是经典之作，敲响了女性觉醒的大门。女主人公娜拉，一直如玩偶一样存在于丈夫海尔茂的身边，当娜拉为救丈夫，冒名举债之后，被丈夫知晓，遭到了丈夫的谴责，在痛苦和羞辱的双重压迫下，娜拉最后毅然跨出家的大门，而这一步，在我看来是历史之门，时代之门，觉醒之门。娜拉这一迈步，也是历史上女性进步的一大步。 关键词：女性觉醒；审视自我；人物比较；思考 作者简介：唐帮琴（1996-），女，重庆师范大学涉外商贸学院文学与新闻学院汉语言文学（师范）专业。 [中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A [文章编号]：1002-2139（2017）-36--02 一、娜拉——沉默中的觉醒 首先，我们可以从剧中了解到，娜拉的出身并不是很高贵，她没有结婚前是父亲的“玩偶”，结婚后也是丈夫的“玩偶”，她扮演着温柔的妻子、端庄大方的母亲、善解人意的朋友等角色。剧本一开始，就是娜拉正忙着置办物品，准备迎接圣诞节的到来，对于娜拉来说，这个圣诞节有着特殊的意义，海尔茂即将升职，这意味着他们的小日子会越来越好，所以她为每个人都准备了圣诞礼物。回家时，丈夫温柔地唤娜拉为“小鸟儿”、“小松鼠儿”，但这看似和谐的表面底下如何的波涛汹涌，就只缺一个导火线了。娜拉心里的秘密，就是这个导火线。几年前，由于海尔茂性命不保，经济拮据，娜拉无路可走，鼓足勇气冒名举债，这便埋下了导火线。由于丈夫解雇了柯洛克斯太，柯洛克斯太用娜拉曾经的冒名借条威胁娜拉，娜拉没有告诉丈夫，独自承受。她用自己的方式保护着在乎的人。然而，丈夫知道这件事后，因为这件事冷落了她，娜拉被丈夫辱骂，娜拉从那一刻，仿佛意识到什么，对海尔茂说出“我们应坐下好好谈谈了”，这种平等对话的方式以前永远掌握在丈夫手中，娜拉却提了出来，开始了她的“觉醒”之路，这一步，这势必会引起世界文学家不断的解读和重构，一个如花瓶一样，受人摆布的“玩偶”，突然睁开了眼睛，这是不是女性觉醒的征兆？ 在我看来，没有人生来就是被人摆布的，要么是她愿意因为你而装傻，要么她是不在乎。娜拉显然是前者，她爱她的家，她的丈夫，她的孩子，所以她愿意顺从他们。娜拉就如一面镜
玩偶之家娜拉形象分析
玩偶之家娜拉形象分析 易卜生的代表作《玩偶之家》是一部三幕话剧，剧本将八年的时间浓缩到圣诞节前后三天，将主要戏剧冲突放在娜拉冒名借款被要挟的情节上，通过主人公的追溯交代了整个事件的来龙去脉，同时也清晰的为读者展现了剧中各个人物的特点。娜拉作为这部三幕话剧的女主人公，她的形象已经成为文学史中的经典，娜拉最终的出走，也被视为是对男权为中心的社会传统观念的反叛。本文将对娜拉这一形象进行进一步的探讨。 一、娜拉是谁 娜拉是平凡的家庭主妇：她温柔善良，疼爱孩子，爱护丈夫， 誓死捍卫自己的家庭。 剧本开始于非常祥和的家庭氛围中，圣诞节的前夕，娜拉认 真的准备着圣诞树和过节的礼物，丈夫亲昵的唤自己为“小鸟儿”、“小松鼠儿”，似乎对娜拉宠爱有加，让读者很是羡慕这样的家庭生活。但是这个家庭真如表面那样幸福吗？随着阅读的深入，实则不然，读者了解到八年来，娜拉一直在独自承受着一笔巨额的债务。 娜拉是个不平凡的女人：她在家庭遇到挫折的时候敢于担当，敢于拼尽全力去守卫自己的家庭，这样的行为与她的丈夫遇到困难时的态度形成了极大的反差。让读者不禁佩服这个女人的坚强和善良。发现到这个女人并不是只知道吃饼干带孩子的家庭主妇， 而是在遇到困难时，有勇气有智慧面对的女人。
在丈夫眼里，娜拉是个玩偶，她只需要扮演好她为人妻子为人母亲的角色就好。不需要有太多的思想和个人见解。 二、娜拉的成长 娜拉的成长不是突然的，也不是一蹴而就的，而是在八年的磨难中一步步成长的，在剧情的催化下一步步成熟的。娜拉的成长为她最后的出走提供了剧情的可能，也为她的觉醒做了很好的伏笔。从一开始，面对丈夫的病，父亲的去世，娜拉敢于担当，到后来面对珂洛克思泰的要挟她甚至敢用性命去一力承当，读者都可以看出，这个女人拥有的不仅仅是善良智慧，还有一颗坚毅的心。 娜拉的成长，是林丹太太促成的，是珂洛克思泰促成的，更是与她朝夕相处的丈夫促成的，这为她后来的觉醒的奠定了基础。 三、娜拉的觉醒 这部三幕话剧直到最后才让所有的矛盾爆发出来，达到剧情的高-潮。到最后，当娜拉说出那一连串让丈夫有点不可思议的话的时候，读者是否也会感觉有点突然？！这个一心以家庭为中心的女人，怎么会突然之间就有了这么大的觉悟，有了自我觉醒的意识？ 其实细读文本这并不突然。早在之前，通过对娜拉心里的描写，她希望出现一个奇迹，她做好毅然赴死的最后决定，就已经可以看出她的深明大义，而最终没有等到她想要的奇迹，丈夫完 全是对立指责她的嘴脸时，才让她明白过来，她的心意丈夫完全不能理解，甚至不对她有任何的感激之情。她到底是错付了年华啊。