国际商务英语复习题.doc

国际商务英语复习题

国际商务英语单元综合测试（一）

I. absolute advantage 绝对利益

3. farm produce 农产品

5. roll-on and roll-off traffic 滚装滚卸运输

7. GDP 国内生产总值

9. Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议

11. 贸易壁垒 trade barriers

13. 电子数据交换 EDI （ Electronic Data

Interchange ）

15. 跨国公司母公司parent MNC

17. 非关税捲垒 1 non- tariff barrier

19. 进 口关税 import duties

国际商务英语单元综合测试（二）

1. documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证

3. n et position 头寸

5. clearing system 清算系统

7. the validity period 有效期

9.leading bank 主要银行

11 .循环信用证 revolving credit

13. 即期信用证sight credit

15. 信用证 the letter of credit

17. 提单 bill “lading

19?自有承运人 private carrier

2. Partial shipment 分批装运 4. c lean bill of lading 清洁提单 6. confirming bank 保兑行 8. contract carrier 契约承运人 10. revocable credit 可撤销信用证 12. 国际价格协议 international price agreement 14. 海关发票 customs invoice 16. 商业全球化 globalization of business 18. 销售合同 sales contract 20. 互购贸易 counter purchase

1证券交易所 2最惠国条款 3。 国际货币基金组织 4股权投资 5风险转移机制 7. raw materials 原材料 9. insurable interest 可保险权益 10. terms of trade 贸易条件（进出口比价） 11.免责条款escape clauses 12.

代位追偿 subrogation 13.保证金 1 margin 14.

布雷顿森林会议 The bretton Woods Convention

15.有价保单 valued policy 16.

套期保值 hedging 17.私营经济 private sector 18. 国际经济新秩序 new international

2. visible trade 有形贸易 4. primary commodities 初级产品 6. ASEAN 东盟（东南亚国家联盟） & European Commission 欧盟委员会 10. day-to-day running 日常管理 12.无形贸易 invisible trade 14.多式联运 multimodal transport 26.董事会 board of directors 18.初级产品.primary commodities 20.税率表 tariff schedule

国际商务英语单元综合测试（三）

1. s tock exchange

2. the most-favored nation clause

3. International Monetary Fund

4? equity investment

5. risk transfer mechanism

6? financial resources 资金

& IBRD 国际复兴开发银行

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（一）

1. Trade fairsl 贸易洽谈会

3. in bulkl 散装

5. confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证

7.

specific duty 近海运输 9. par value 平价 2. product!on approach 生产方式 4. net weight 净重 6o counter offer 还盘 8. short-sea maritime transport 近海运输 10. World Bank Group 世界银行集团

economic order 19.免税期tax holiday 20.海上保险marine insurance

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（二）

1. grace period 宽限期

3. competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 2. Generalized System of Pref ere nces 普惠制

4. financial market 金融市场

国际经济环境 6. international specialization 国际专门化 & FOB 船而交货价 10.leasing trade 租赁贸易 12.陵头 shipping marks 14.制成品 finished goods 16?不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit 18.资产与负债 assets and liabilities 20?双重保证付款 double assurance of payment

国际商务英语仿真试题演练(三)

I. Consumerism 消费，消费主义

3. emerging nation 新兴国家

5。cargo receipt 货物收据

7. tar 肝 concessions 关税减让

9. export volume 出口量

II. 增值税 VAT( Value Added Tax)

13. 现金账户 account of cash

15. 年度预算 annual budget

17. 品牌 brand name

19. 补偿贸易 compensation trade

国际簡务英语仿真试题演练(四)

I. common pool 共同基金

3. open account 记账交易

5. additional tax 附加税

7. all risks 一切险，全险，综合险

9. basic law 基本法

II. 环太平洋圈 Pacific

Rim

13. 资信可靠状况 credit worthiness

15. 预付现金 cash in advance

17. 零库存 just-in-time inventory

19?交易场地 market floor 2. buying rate 买人价 4.income tax 所得税 6. direct quote 直接标价 8. earning in foreign tradel 外汇收入 10. financial center 金融屮心 14?售后服务 after-sales service 16. 银行危机 bank crisis 18. 商业税 business tax 20?领事发票 consular invoice 2. periodic payments 分期付款 4. absolute profit 绝对利润 6. agency agreement 代理协定 & attract funds 吸引资金 10. business law 商法 12. 单价 unit price 14 ?东道国 host countries 16. 售货确认书 sales confirmation 18?储备货币 reserve currency 20?利弊 pros and cons

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（五）

1. absolute inflation 绝对通货膨胀11 ?议付行 negotiating bank =

13?承兑交单 documents against acceptance 15?从价税 ad valorem duty

17?规模经济 economies of scale

19?绿地战略 the Greenfield strategy

12?货交承运人 FCA( Free Carrier) 14. 保险单 insurance policy

16.大额存单 certificate of deposit 18.投票权 voting power 20?长期资本 long-term capital 5. in ter natio nal econo mic environ me

nt

7. metal reserves 金属资源

9. trunk call 长途电话

11?最大诚信 utmost good faith

13.所得税 income tax

15-缔结双方 contracting parties

17 ?落后工业 aging-industry

12?世界贸易组织 WT0( World Trade Organization) 2. advertising war 广告战

3. airtransport 航空运输

5. hard currency 硬货币

7.injured party 遭受损失方

9. legal weight 法定重量

11. 信誉第一 credit first

13. 商品的等级grade of goods

15. 国家资产 national assets

17. 赤字 red figure （ deficit ）

19. 装运通知 shipping advice

4. gain profit 获利

6. home market 国内市场 8. key commodity 主要簡品 10. quality control 质量管理 12. 出 口配额 export quota 14. 大宗商品 major items 16. 选择港 optional port 18. 管理权 right of management 20o 全损 total loss

国际商务英语考前密押试卷（二）

lo Host countries 东道国

3. international banking 国际银行业务

5. D/P 付款交单

7. level of consumption 消费水平

9. forwarding charges 交货费用

.合理的成本 reasonable costs

13. 运载船只 carrying vessel

15. 特别提款权 special drawing right

17. 客户流动 customer mobility

19. 具体市场 particular market area

2. Labor intensive 劳动密集型 4. financial standing 财务状况 6. airway bill 空运提单 & offer 发盘 10. reserve currency 储备货币 12. 贸易惯例 trading practices 14. 双重保障 double assurance 16. 外汇管制 foreign exchange control 18. 合资企业 particular market area 20. 反贴补措施 countervailing measures

国际商务英语单元综合测试（一）

40. Most multi national corporations are made up of vast nu mbers of foreig n subsidiaries, compa nies in which over 50 perce nt is owned by the pare nt compa ny. Like all corporati ons, MNCs are orga nized accordi ng to the goals they set for themselves. They strive to retain access to the necessary resources: raw material, man-power and capital. Furthermore, they try to grow through global cooperation by increasing their access to world resources. This leads them to expand their foreig n market positi on, in other words, to in crease their market share. MNCs grew into strong en titles by reinvesti ng their profits prude ntly so as to further in crease access to resources. They had to hire more and more tale nted local people abroad, and they had to purchase raw materials in foreign countries.

多数跨国公司都是rti 很多国外子公司组成的，母公司拥有子公司50%以上的股份。和所有公司一样，跨国公司也是 按照国际商务英语考前密押试卷（一）

1. man ageme nt con tract 管理合同

3. Pacific Rim 环太平洋圈

5. credit worthiness 资信"J 靠状况

7o unit price 单价

9. common carrier 公共承运人 .知识产权 intellectual property 13.知识密集型产业 15.价格条款price 17.无汇票信用证 19.清洁浮动

knowledge-intensive industry terms non-draft credit clean float 2. factors of production 生产要素 4. Shareholders 股东 6. D/A 承兑交单 8. face value 面值 10. direct quote （汇率）直接标价 12.关税配额 tariff quota 14.财务状况 financial standing capital tur no ver notify party population-pla nning 26.资金周转 被通知人 20.人口计划

他们白己的目标来组织的。他们努力得到必需的资源：原料、劳动力、资金，同时通过提高在世界范围内获得资源的能力，通过全球范围内的合作获得发展。这使他们不断提高自己在国外市场的地位，即增加他们的市场份额。通过将利润谨慎地进行再投资，跨国公司得以发展成为强大的实体，从而进一步提高了自身获得资源的能力。于是, 他们不得不雇佣更多有能力的当地人，并从外国购买原料。

41」ncotrms have been revised to take account of changes in transportation techniques, such as the unitization of cargo in containers, multimodal transport and roll on-roll off traffic with road vehicles and railway wagons in “ short-sea v maritime transport-certain terms have been consolidated and rearranged-and to render them fully compatible with new developments in electronic data interchange（ EDI）?

《国际贸易术语解释通则》的修改考虑到了运输技术上的变化，如货物集装箱成组运输，多式联运以及公路滚装滚卸式运输和铁路货车近海海洋运输的应用一一其中某些术语已经进行了合并和重新组合一一以充分适应电子数据交换系统的迅速发展。

42.劳务输出输入可以是由个人，或是由公司或是国家组织完成。它正在成为一种重要的无形贸易形式。

Import and export of labour service may be undertaken by individuals, or organized by companies or even by states. It is becoming an important kind of invisible trade.

43.绝刈?利益理论认为，一种商品将在其耗费资源成本低的国家进行生产。

The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources ?

44.经济全球化不仅涉及经济，而且对政治、文化、价值观和生活方式都有重要影响。

Economy is not the only element involved in economic globalization since it also has an important bearing on politics, culture, value and way of life?

45.跨国企业组织内部公司之间大量的交易构成了世界贸易的很大一部分。

Extensive intra-MNE transactions constitute a very sign讦icant proportion of total international trade?

4&各国政府经常釆取的贸易保护主义措施也是贸易障碍，典型的例子是关税和配额。

Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade, and typical examples are tariffs and quotas.

国际商务英语单元综合测试（二）

40」t is quite natural that disputes arise in the course of the execution of a business contract or relating to the in terpretati on of the provisio ns of a con tract. Some busi nessme n resort to unscrupulous （彳：道徳的）mea ns to break the con tract when the market price of the con tract goods is falling drastically or the rate of exchange is fluctuati ng in a directio n adverse to their interests. They will spare no effort to try to terminate the con tract. With a view to prevent this from happening and also providing the ways to solve the trade disputes in case they arise, the two parties in a business tran sactio n n ormally in corporate in the con tract such provisi ons as regarding disputes, claims, penalty, force majeure, and the ways of settling trade disputes should they arise?

合资企业“这一术语通常是用來泛指本国和外国的投资者为生产产品或进行其他经营活动而共同兴办新的企业的安排。在大多数情况下，投资者会在企业中追逐最大利益以维持其对企业经营的控制和在企业最终利润中的应得份额。合资各方对经营的控制程度的协商可能I詞绕各方准备投入合资企业的资本或其他资产的数额进行。协商要实现的最终的结果是成立一个合资企业，该合资企业要能够保证各方在企业的政策和管理以及企业损益川得到双方所商定的份额。

41.The documentation for air freight is far simpler than that for ocean freight. If exporting by air freight, the exporter normally begins by completing an air-consignment note, or letter of instruction, to the airline. This note gives basic details of the cargo, the customer，s name and address and the services the exporter requires, such as cash on delivery or special in surance arrangeme nts. The air waybill is an inter nation ally stan dardized docume nt, prin ted in En glish and in the Ian guage of the air carrier. Un like the bill of ladi ng, the air waybill does not give title to the goods ?

国际开发协会成立于1960年，它与国际复兴开发银行的目的一样，用于提供援助。但它主要贷款给相对较贫穷的发展中国家，其贷款条件对贷款国家的国际收支的影响不像复兴开发银行贷款产生的影响那么大。开发协会提供软贷款，即得

不到偿还的风险相当大的贷款。

42.汇票可以是光票或跟单汇票。在后一种情况下，随同汇票一起的有相关的单据，如提单、发票、保险单等。

Insura nee is a risk tra nsfer mecha nism, by which the in dividual or the busi ness en terprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life onto the shoulders of others?

43.有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的吋间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的。

The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term assistanee to those Fund members with payment difficulties.

44.在国际贸易中使用正确的单据很重要，否则进口商提货时会遇到困难。

The in sura nee compa ny will not en tertai n the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss ?

45.易货贸易、回购贸易和互购贸易都有一个有趣的共同特征，，即“互相捆绑”，货物和服务交换相互捆绑在一起。IBRD loans gen erally have a grace period of five years and are repayable over fiftee n to twenty years ?

46.运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用，一个没有先进运输系统的社会只能处在原始落后状态。

In additi on to compa ny securities, optio ns are also available on gilts, curre ncies and in dices.

国际商务英语单元综合测试（三）

40.“ Joint venture” （合资企业）is the term generally used for an arrangement between foreign and domestic investors establish!ng a new corporation for the purpose of producing goods or carrying out other operations. In most cases the investor will seek a majority interest in the venture so as to optimize his control of operations and his share in eventual profits. Negotiations over the degree of control will revolve around how much capital or other assets each partner is prepared to con tribute to the un dertaking. The end result being sought is a joint ven ture that will en sure each partner a mutually agreed share in control over corporate policy and management and in the company， s profits and losses?

“合资企业”这一术语通常是用來泛指本国和外国的投资者为生产产品或进行其他经营活动而共同兴办新的企业的安排。在大多数情况下，投资者会在企业屮追逐最大利益以维持其对企业经营的控制和在企业最终利润屮的应得份额。合资各方对经营的控制程度的协商可能围绕各方准备投入合资企业的资本或其他资产的数额进行。协商要实现的最终的结果是成立一个合资企业，该合资企业要能够保证各方在企业的政策和管理以及企业损益中得到双方所商定的份额。41.The International Development Association was established in 1960 to provide assistance for the same purposes as IBRD, but primarily in the poorer developing countries and on terms that would bear less heavily on their balanee of payments than would IBRD loans. It offers soft loans, i. e. loans with significant risk of not being repaid.

国际开发协会成立于1960年，它与国际复兴开发银行的目的一样，用于提供援助。但它主要贷款给相对较贫穷的发展中国家，其贷款条件对?贷款国家的国际收支的影响不像复兴开发银行贷款产生的影响那么大。开发协会提供软贷款，即得不到偿还的风险相当大的贷款。

42.保险是一种风险转移机制。通过保险，个人或企业可以将生活屮一些不确定因素转移给其他人。

In surance is a risk transfer mecha nism, by which the in dividual or the busi ness en terprise can shift some of the un certainty of life onto the shoulders of others.

43 .国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供屮期贷款。

The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term assistanee to those Fund members with payment difficulties.

44.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。

The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss?

45.世界银行的贷款一般有5年的宽限期，15至20年偿清。

IBRD loa ns gen erally have a grace period of five years and are repayable over fiftee n to twenty years ?

46.除了公司有价证券期权，金边债券、货币和指数都有相应的期权。

In addition to company securities, options are also available on gilts, currencies and indices.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（一）

40.Freight forwarders act, first, as your age nt in moving your product overseas ?Sec ond, they are kno wledgeable about

customs duties, docume ntati on, credit tra nsacti on, and in sura nee in addition to their fun dame ntal role of moving your goods from one point to ano ther. Professi onal in ter national freight forwarder and in structor do for cargo what travel agents do for passengers? There is no law says that you must use freight forwarder. Just like the airlines or advertising, you can book your own ticket or buy media space directly. Freight forwarders from airlines and the media. Freight forwarders receive their commissions from airlines and the media. Freight forwarders receive their commissions from steamships.

运输代理，首先是作为你的代理人向海外运输货物；其次，除运输货物的基本作用外，他们还熟悉关税、单证、赊购交易和保险业务。专业的国际运输代理和运输指导对货物所做的工作与旅行社为旅客所做的工作一样。没有法律规定必须使用运输代理。就像乘飞机和做广告一样，你可以直接订票和购卖广告播出时间，也可委托旅行社和广告代理商进行。运输代理就像旅行社和广告代理商一样开展工作。所不同的是，后两者从航空公司和广告公司收取佣金，而运输代理则是从运输公司收取佣金的。

41.Letter of credit can be worded so that payment is made on the very date that the shipping documents are received by the con firming bank, or;讦you wish to give the buyer extra time, an L/C can also be worded so that payment is made 30,60,or up tO 180 days, which is the customary maximum. It is vitally important, though, that the wording in the L/C be clear and specific and equally importa nt that the words in the shippi ng docume nts con form precisely with the wordi ng of the L/C. Even slight variations can cause delays in payment until the questions are clarified and answered? Letter of credit can be extremely flexible. An unlimited number of provisions can be spec讦ied. For example, the buyer can even indicate what types of marking should be appear on the shipping containers.

信用证可以表明在保兑银行收到货运单据的日期付款，或者，如果你想给买方多一点时间付款，信用证也可以表明在见单后30天、60天或习惯上最反的期限?180天付款。但是确保信用证上的措辞清楚明确是非常重要的，航运单据上的内容也必须与信用证上的内容完全一致，这点也同样重要。即使是细微的出入也会导致延期付款，直到问题得以澄清和解决。信用证可以是非常灵活的，可以规定无限多的条款。例如，买方甚至可以对货运集装箱上出现的标志类型做出要求。

42.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

A con tract is en forceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligati ons may be sued and forced tomake compensation.

43.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以収得单据。

Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents

44.所有的运输方式以及其代表性的运载工具在整个运输系统中起着重要的作用。

All the modes and their representative carriers play important roles in the overall transportation system.

45.世界贸易组织的重要决策由两年举行一次的部长会议作出。

Important decisions of the WTO are made at its biennial ministerial meeting.

46.就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。

So far as the exporter" s interest is concerned, D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（二）

40」n choosing a transportation mode for a particular product, shippers consider as many as six criteria: speed, frequency, depe ndability, capability, availability, and cost ? Thus, if a shipper seeks speed, air and truck are the prime contenders .If the goal is low cost, then water and pipeline are the prime contenders? Shippers are increasingly combining two or more transportation modes, thanks to containerization. Containerization consists of putting the goods m boxes or trailers that are easy to transfer between two transportation modes? Each coordinated mode of transportation offers specific advantages to the shipper. For example, piggyback is cheaper than trucking alone and yet provides flexibility and conv enie nee.

为了给某种产品选定一种运输方式，货主要考虑六个问题：速度、频率、可靠性、能力、便利性和成本。因此，若货主要求速度，空运和汽车运输是首要选择。如果目标是低成本，那水运和管道运输最好。由于集装箱化的发展，货主越來越多地将两种或更多的运输方式结合在一起。集装箱化是指将货物装于便于在两种运输方式间互换的箱子里或拖车上。每种联运都为货运人提供了某些便利。例如：铁路一公路联运耍比完全用汽车运输便宜而且更灵活、更方便。

41.There are two types of letter of credits, revocable and irrevocable. As an export seller you should always insist on

irrevocable L/C, because that means that once the letter of credit is issued, the payme nt cannot be can celled or the terms be changed without your approval. Therefore ,the key phrase to remember is that you will want “ an irrevocable, con firmed letter of credit. Con firmed means that a bank acceptable to you, either overseas or in your home country, has con firmed that the money has been obtai ned and is ready for payme nt to you once satisfactory proof of shippi ng has bee n made. You will also probably want to be paid in con vertible（可兑换白勺）cur re ncy and this would be specified in the letter of cnedit.

信用证有两种类型，可撤销的和不可撤销的。作为出口销售商，应该坚持要求不可撤销的信用证，因为它表明信用证一经开立即不能取消付款或未经你方许可而改变信用证的条款。所以应该记住的关键术语是你需要“不可撤销的，已经确认的信用证”。“已经确认”表明你所接受的国外或者国内的银行，己经确认收到货款并且一经出示己装运的确切证明即可付款。如果信用证己经列明的话，你还可以用要求可兑换的货币付款。

42.在信用证业务屮，所有相关当事人都是进行单据交易而不是与这些单据相关的货物、服务或其他形式的买卖。

In credit operations all parties concerned deal in documents, and not in goods, service or other form to which the docu- merits may relate?

43.对销贸易成为一个将卖方的出口与从买方的进口联系起來的跨国界合同的术语总称。

Coun ter trade has become the gen eric term to describe a set of cross-border con tracts that link a seller1 s exports to im-ports from the buyer.

44.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈

Oral busi ness n egotiations refer to face to face discussi ons or those con ducted through in ter national trunk calls ?

45 ?发生事件的时间对可保险权益问题至关重要。

In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.

4&在这个复杂的经济社会，没有一个国家能够完全自给自足。

In the complex economic world , no country can be completely self-sufficient.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（三）

40」n addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries.

有形贸易指的是货物的进出口。除此之外，还有无形贸易，它指的是各国之间服务的交换。

41.No matter whether busi ness negotiati on is con ducted orally or by way of writing, transaction is con sidered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted ? That is to say, a legitimate con tract can be either in writte n or oral form ?不管业务协商是以书面还是口头进行，一旦发盘或还盘被接受，便认为是达成了交易。也就是说，合法的合同既可以是书面的，也可以是口头的。

42.国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提供更多的现金和贸易方面的优惠。

The new international economic order is mainly a demand for more cash and trade concessions from the developed coun-tries.

43.期权是一种合同，这种合同赋了在特定的时间内按商定的价格买进或卖出某种证券的权利。

Options are con tracts giving the right to buy and sell a security at an agreed price withi n a particular period of time ?

44.国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的流动。

A substantial contribution to the IBRD s resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans.

45.已装船提单指的是货物实际上已装上将开往li的港的船只。

An on board bill of lading indicates that the shipment has been actually loaded on the carrying vessel bound for the port

46.最近儿年使运输功能引人注目的一个因素就是零库存系统越来越频繁的使用。

The factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilization of just?itime invent- tory systems.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（四）

40.A clean bill of lading is one which states that the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition. It is meant that the document is devoid of any qualifying remarks concerning the packing and the outer appearanee of the goods? And the carrier admits full liability for the goods described in the bill of lading and is bound to carry the goods and deliver them in like

condition in which he has received them?

?［答案h清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加注任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注，承运人对于提单中描述的货物承诺全部责任，并有责任将货物以其收到时的状况运到目的地.

41.Whe n the price of a foreig n excha nge goes too high, the central bank may in crease its supply by selli ng it out of its foreig n excha nge reserves ? And in the opposite case, it can buy the curre ncy in the market to in crease its reserves ?

当某种外币的交易价格过高吋，中央银行会出售其外汇储备来增加此种外币的供给；反之，中央银行会从外汇市场买进该外币來充实其外汇储备。

42.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。

The visible trade is the import and export of goods, While the invisible trade is the exchange of services between coun-tries.

43.对销贸易可帮助有严重债务的国家继续进口商品而实际上向债权人掩盖出口收入。

Counter trade may help those nations with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while in effect concealing export earnings from creditors.

44.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

, Besides trade and investment, inter national lice nsing and fran chisi ng are sometimes take n as a mea ns of enteri ng a for- eign market.

45.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效而失去约束力。

A coun ter offer is a refusal of the offer which will be in valid and unbinding once a coun ter offer is made.

4&正常的保险合同付出的赔偿只是将被保人的利益恢复到受害前的状态一一但不好于这种状态。

L In a n ormal policy of in sura nee the compensati on payable is sufficie nt only to restore the in sured to the position he was in before the loss occurred, not to a better position.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（五）］

40.The most important contribution that transportation has made to the production process is that, by widening the market areas that a producer can reach, it has encouraged the introduction of more efficient, larger-scale production techniques?Substantial economies of scale have been achieved, and these have resulted in reduced per-unit production costs.

运输対生产过程所作的最大贡献是通过扩大生产者能达到的市场的范围，鼓励生产者釆用效率更高的、更大规模的生产技术。明显的规模经济己得到实现，它使得生产每项产品的成本减少。

41.Without in sura nee, there would be a great deal of un certai nty experie need by an in dividual or an en terprise, not only as to whether a loss would occur, but also as to what size it would be if it did occur.

个人或企业如果不投保就会遭遇许多不确定的风险，不仅仅是否会发生损失不确定，而且一旦发生损失，程度会有多大也不确定。

个人或企业如果不投保就会遭遇许多不确定的风险，不仅仅是否会发生损失不确定，而且一旦发生损失，程度会有多大也不确定。

42.在当今世界跨国公司是越过国界转移资源的非常重要的途径。

In our world today, the multi national en terprises are very important vehicles for the tran sfer of resources across national boun daries ?

43 ?国际复兴开发银行的每一项贷款必须贷给政府或由有关的政府进行担保。

Each loan of IBRD is made to a government or must be guaranteed by the government concerned.

44.理事会的各主要委员会负责检查与较不发达国家的贸易、技术转让和经济合作有关的初级产品、制成品、无形贸易和金融事务。

The Boards main committees examine commodities, manufactures, invisibles and financing related to trade, transfer of tech no logy and economic cooperation among less-developed coun tries.

45.政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券。

One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.

46.1995年1月关贸总协定结束运作，世界贸易组织开始行使职能。

On January 1,1995 GAFI stopped its operation and WTO began its administrative work?

国际商务英语考前密押试卷（一）

40」n in sura nee of all risks, the in surer is resp on sible for total or partial loss or damage to the in sured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes? But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks

在“一切险”下，承保人负责承担被保货物由于自然灾害或海难而遭受的部分损失或全部损失。这些损失包括货运工具因意外事故或外來原因所致的所有损失。但一切险并不像其名称所示，真的包括了一切风险。

41.The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most importa nt busi ness opportunities. Any in ter national en terprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.

Triad是指世界上最富有的三大地区：美国，欧盟和日本。这些地区提供着最重要的商业机会。任何跨国企业要想在竞争口益激烈的世界市场上成功，都应当密切关注这三大地区。

42.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分另9进行的。

1 In n ormal market tran sacti ons buying and selli ng of goods are unbun died because of the use of money and the market means.

43.国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。

The In ter national Stock Excha nge provides a cha nnel through which the savi ngs can reach those who n eed fin ance ?

44.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。

Clea n letters of credit are mainly used m non-trade settlement, while docume ntary credits are gen erally used in commodity trade ?

45.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。

Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development?

46 ?联合国的所有成员及联合国的所有专门机构的成员都是贸发会议的成员。

All members states of the United Nations and of its specialized age ncies are members of the Con fere nee.

国际商务英语考前密押试卷（二）

40. Absolute adva ntage and comparative adva ntage are two theories of in ter national specializati on. Both theories attempt to determine which goods a country should produce for itself and export to other countries and which goods it should import from other countries.

绝对利益学说和比较利益学说是国际专门化屮的两种理论。这两种理论都试图确定一个国家应该为本国生产并向其他国家出口哪些货物，试图确定应该从其他国家进口哪些货物。

41」nvisible trade can be as important to some countries as visible trade is to others. In reality, the kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.

如同有形贸易对一些国家非常重要一样，无形贸易对一些国家也是很重要的。现实屮各国所进行的贸易是多种多样的，也是复杂的，经常是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。

42.从广义上来说，运输的定义是将货物和乘客从一地运至另一地。

In a broad sen se, transportation is defined as the movement of freight and passengers from one location to another.

43.损失费用分摊原则是与赔偿有关的辅助原则。

Contribution is a sub-principle which is associated with indemnity.

44.国际复兴开发银行成立于1945年，现为180个成员国所拥有。

The IBRD established in 1945 , is owned by the governments of 180 member countries.

45.控制成本是企业进行対外直接投资的首要动机。

Controlling costs is the first major motivation for engaging in FDI

46.国际复兴开发银行和国际货币基金组织都是联合国的下属机构，它们的总部都设在美国首都华盛顿。

Both IBRD and IMF are institutions under the United Nations and both are headquartered at Washington DC.

国际商务英语单元综合测试（一）

31.customs union A customs area exteriding beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union

32.multi national enterprise A multinational en terprise is a busi ness orga nization which owns, con trols and man ages assets in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated.

33.customs clearanee As to customs clearanee, for ordinary imported goods, the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods. But for some particular duty free goods or bonded goods, the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowl- edged the receipt of shipment.

34.Intra-MNE It refers to the transfer among the different units within the range and under the control of MNC?

35.In coterms In coterms are short for in ter national mles for interpretatio n of trade terms, the purpose of it is

to provide a set of interna? tional rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade? Thus, the uncertainties of different inter- pretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at Jeast reduced to a considerable degree.

国际商务英语单元综合测试（二）

31.Protectionism Protecti onism is a trade barrier to inter national trade for the purpose of protecting a nation J s

own domestic market and industries. It in eludes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.

32? force majeure Force majeure is a default of the con tract which is give n rise to not because of the con tracti ng parties' default, but be-cause of the uncon trollable causes ? One type of the cause is the n atural force and the other is social cause?

33.Drawer The person who draws the bill of exchange is called the drawer.

34.intermediate products The person who draws the bill of exchange is called the drawer.

35. Counter trade Coun ter trade is the generic terms to describe a set of cross-border con tracts which link a seller" s exports to imports from the buyer.

国际商务英语单元综合测试（三）

31.proximate cause of loss When an in sura nee policy is made out to cover a certain risk, a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate cause of the loss suffered. The proximate cause is the direct cause of the loss?

32.In surance Insura nee is a social device in which a group of in dividuals tran sfer risk and provide for payme nt of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk? Insuranee is a risk transfer mechanism. Those who transfer risk are called in-sureds. Those who assume risk are called insurers.

33.standby arrangements That' s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member countries?

34.Fair trade It refers to the trade con ducted by two parties on the equal treatment.

35.；? the most favoured nation clause It is the most effecrive method to avoid the damage by bilateral talks to the world trade ? Coun tries that can enjoy it can automatically enjoy the favorable tariffs give n by the releva nt coun tries to the other countries?

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（一）

31? beneficiary The exporter in whose favour the credit is opened is called the beneficiary?

32.EMP European Main Ports.

33.consignment trade 1 Consignment trade is a kind of trade in which the seller ships his goods abroad, and his age nt in that country will sell the goods for him, and the title to the goods still belongs to the seller before the goods are sold.

34.Productivity Productivity is a ratio figure which indicates how much inputs should be needed to produce the goods.

It is a sensitive index to measure the economic growth of one industry or of one nation.

35? documents against payment at sight Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（二）

31.In surable interest No one may in sure anything unless he has an in terest in it, which means that if the thing in sured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservation.

32.Group of 77 It' s a group initiated by some countries in Asia. Africa and Latin America in order to maintain their interests and protest the deprivation of 出e imperialist countries. At present, the group of 77 countries has expanded to in elude more tha n 130 coun tries and regi ons.

33.transportation deregulation 1 Transportation deregulation has removed the shackles of control, both shippers and earners are free to negotiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both parties?

34?clearing system Clearing system is a governmental agreement where the trade balanee is finalized by accounting and offsetting the debts and credits between two countries?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f78916012.html,parative advantage Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities,

there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（三）

31.IDA JDA refers to the International Development Association established in 1960 to provide financial assistanee primarily in the poorer developing countries and on terms that would bear less heavily on their balanee of payments.

32.c lean credit Credits that only require clean draft, i. e. draft not accompanied with shipping documents, for payment are clean ced it.

33? known premium Known premium is the cost the in sured should have to pay the in sura nee compa ny for the in sured goods.

34.Hyperinflation Hyperinflation is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly> The devaluation rate of the curre ncy is astr ono mical. The no rmal economic activities are out of order, and fin ally lead to the collapse of the whole monetary system.

35? Letter of credit The letter of credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentatio n of the releva nt documents.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（四）

31.pare nt MNC Parent MNC is the original in vesti ng multi natio nal corporati on. It is also the in ter national headquarters of the MNE.

32.Sec on dary capital market Sec on dary capital market is the market where the issued securities are traded, it in eludes

the stock exchange and the over-the-counter market?

33.World Bank Group It is a complex institutions composed of IBRDJDAJFC arid MIGA, with the main purpose of helping raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed coun tries

34.opening bank The bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank

35.freight transportation Freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products

and the effect of such move- me nt on the developme nt and adva nceme nt of busi ness ?

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（五）

31.bala nee of payme nts It is a state me nt of the total payments to and the total receipts from foreig n countries ?

32」egal holder A legal holder is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law

33.con tributi on A pers on cannot be allowed to in sure twice for the same risk, and claim compensati on from both in surers .If two poli- cies do cover the same eve nt, the in sura nee companies con tribute pro rata to the loss, and the in sured is only restored to the in-demnity position.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f78916012.html,pound duty A type of tariff levied according to both the amounts and the prices of the commodities.

35.gold tranche That' s the gold share paid by the member countries to IMF, including two parts: amount in gold and the amount in their own currency., the former amounts 10 25% and the latter 75%

国际商务英语考前密押试卷(一)

31.barter The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.

32.confirming bank The bank that adds its confirmation to the credit is called the coiirming bank which is undertaken either by the advi- sing bank or another prime bank.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f78916012.html,mercial in voice Gen erally called the in voice for short, this docume nt is the gen eral description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f78916012.html,m on carriers Comm on carriers are privately or publicly owned compa nies committed to performing a

movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.

35? insureds Those who transfer risk are called insureds?

国际商务英语考前密押试卷(二)

31? insurers Those who assume risk are called insurers?

32.i ndem nity Indem nity holds that a con tract of in sura nee is one which restores a pers on who suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.

33.hard loans Such loans with good repayment prospects are called hard loans.

34.foreig n direct in vestme nt Foreig n direct in vestme nt is the major form of in ter national inv estment, whereby reside nts of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of con trolling and man aging them ?

35.licensing In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country

国际商务英语单元综合测试(一)

36.Explai n briefly why in ter national trade happe ns between nations?

(I)ln the complex economic world, no country can he completely self-sufficient? The distribution of natural resources is un eve n, thus, inter national specialization is necessary.(2)Sec ond, trade rnay occur out of econo mies of scale, that is, the cost adva ntages of large-scale producti on ?(3)Third, trade takes place because of the need of in no vatio n of style.(4) Patter ns of dema nd are different among different nations.

37.What is MFN treatment?

The term most-favoured-nation ( MFN) treatment refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all sign atories any tariff concessi ons gran ted to any participati ng aun try ? However; MFN treatme nt is not really special but isjust normal trading status? It give s a country the lowest tariffs only with!n the tariffs schedule, but it is still possible to have lower tariffs?

38.. What is the formal definition of a multinational enterprise? Describe briefly the characteristics of WNESo

(1) A multi national en terprise shall be defi ned as a busi ness orga nization which owns( whether wholly or partly) ,con? trolls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies in corpo- rated separately in each of these coun tries ?(2) Characte nstlcs:① MNEs are gen erally en ormous in size.2 Wide geographical spread is also the characteristic of

39. \X-hat are the differe nces betwee n visible trade and in visible trade? Give a few examples of in visible trade ?

In addition to visible trade, which invoIves the import and export of goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries?There are four main forms of invisible trade: ( 1 ) Transportation service across national boundaries is an important kind of invisible trade?(2)1 nsuranee is another important form of invisible trade.

(3)Tourism is yet another important form of invisible trade. (4) The fourth type of invisible trade meriting attention is called immigrant remittance.

国际商务英语单元综合测试(二)

36? What are the several presumed advantages in counter trade?

There are several presumed advantages in counter trade: (1) Counter trade is implemented because it helps a country to deal

with foreign exchange shortages. (2) Counter trade can be used to promote exports. (3) Counter trade can be used to reduce un certai nty regarding export receipts. (4) Coun ter trade is used to bypass an in ter natio nal price agreeme nt?) Counter trade may help those nations with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing ex-port earnings from creditors.

37 Explain briefly the following methods of payment: cash in advance; open account; consignment transactions.

(l)Cash in advanee: when the political and economic situation in the importing country makes payment uncertain or when the buyer's credit standing is dubious, the exporter may prefer cash in advanee. In this case the importer has no guarantee that the exporter will fulfill his obligations once he has made payment by cash?(2)lf the buyer and the seller know each other well, they may decide to trade on open account. This means that no documents are involved and that legally the buyer can pay any time ?The seller loses all con trol over the goods once they have shipped. Sales on this basis are usually paid for by periodic payments, and obviously the exporter must have sufficient financial strength to carry the cost of the goods until receiving payment?(3)lf the exporter wishes to retain title or ownership to the good he can enter into consign me nt tran sactio ns. This mea ns the ex?porter has to send his goods abroad and will not get payme nt until the goods are sold? If not sold, the goods can be shipped hack?

38? Give the major items of the proper con tract.

The major items of the proper con tract in eludes: (1) The full n ame and address of the buyer and the seller. (2) The commodities involved including quantity, quality, specifications, packing, etc. ( 3) All the terms and conditions agreed upon such as the price, total amount, terms of payment, tran sportati on, in sura nee etc. ( 4) Indicati on of the nu mber of original copies of the con tract, t of the con tract ?

39. Summarize briefly the factors that have caused the changes in the transportation industry.

There are four factors that are substantially changing the transportation industry? Deregulation has removed the shackles of con trol, both shippers and carriers are now free to inno vate as much as their imagi natio n allows ? Sec on d, just-i n-time inven tory systems are based on a production approach in which the firm main tains very small qua ntities of production in puts. Third, compe ? titio n ofte n shifts to price con siderati ons. Ano ther alter native is to compete on the level of customer service that is provided to each customer. The final factor that has had a positive impact on the transportation function is the globalization of business.

国际商务英语单元综合测试(三)

36? What are the main prin ciples of in sura nee?

(I )ln surable in terest holds that no one may in sure anything un less he has an in terest in it, which means that if the thing in sured is preserved he will derive a ben efit from its preservati on, but if it is in any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affected ?(2) Every con tract of in sura nee requires an in surable in terest to support it, or otherwise it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained. (3) Utmost good faith is a very important principle? The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form. If this statement is untrue, then the premium agreed on will not be a fair one.

37.What is tra nsportati on in sura nee? Why is it so important?

Tran sportati on in sura nee is a type of insura nee used for the cargoes tran sported The cargoes are not tran sported only by marine ships, but also by air, road, rail and inland water way? In overseas trade, the geographical gaps are great, and the trans- port is multi-modal, that is to say, we must combine road, rail, sea and air in almost all cargo movements to some extent. Simi- larly the time gap is great betwee n productio n and consumption .In bridging both the geographical gap and the time gap serious risks have to be run. And it is in this frameworks that the in sura nee un derwriters operate to carry the risks which otherwise would have to be borne by the producers.

38.Give an example to illustrate the subprinciple of subrogation.?

Imagine a situation where A has insured his cargo with B and it is damaged by C's negligenee. A will naturally claim a- gainst B, who will pay up for the loss suffered? However, because C was negligent, a legal action by A against C would almost certainly

lead to an award of damages against C. A would thus be compensated twice, and this would be a breach of the prin ciple of in dem nity. To preve nt this happe ning, B, the insurer, is substituted for A, the assured, in any legal acti on against C.

39.What are the objectives of WTO?

(l)To promote free trade by en couragi ng members to adopt non discriminatory, predictable trade polices ?(2) To further reduce trade barriers through multilateral negotiations. (3) To establish more effective trade dispute settlement procedures ?

国际商务英语仿真试题演练(一)

36.What is the theme of the ll'th session of UNCTAD?

The theme is coordinating development strategies for the promotion of the economic development of the world especially of the developing countries?

37.What does inteinational business refer to?

In ter national business refers to tra nsaction between parties from differe nt countries ? Sometimes busi ness across the bor-ders of different customs area of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.

38.What is a commercial in voice? Mention some of the major contents to be in eluded in a commercial invoice ?

A commercial invoice is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price? It con stitutes the basis on which other docume nts are to be prepared. A commercial inv oice normally in eludes: in voice n umber and the date, n ame and address of the buyer and the seller, con tract nu mber and credit nu mbec descripti on of the goods, unit price, total price, price terms, and commissi on and disco unt if any.

39.What does the Domestic Equity Market include?

The Domestic Equity Market covers three areas: (1) The listed market for well-established companies who must be able to comply with stringent criteria relating to all aspects of their operatio n. (2) The Un listed Securities Market-a market created in 1980 to meet the needs of established, but smaller, immature compa? nies. (3 ) The Third Market-a new, disciplined market established in January 1987 and designed to enable young, growing UK compa?nies to raise capital on a cost-effective and straight forward basis?

国际商务英语仿真试题演练(二)

36.Explain brifly the terms FOB,CFR and CIF.

FOB( Free on Board) is the price term for delivery on board the ship in the named port of shipment. The seller has to transport the contracted goods to be on board the ship rented by the buyer, in a stated date or within a certain period. The seller will be responsible for the risks of the goods before they are loaded across the ship line. And after that the buyer will be resp onsi? ble for it, and in sure the goods for tra nsportati on. CFR: Cost and Freight. The resp on sibilities for the risks of the buyer and the seller are the same as those in FOB. But the seller is responsible for renting a carrying vessel and bears the carriage ? CIF: Cost, In sura nee and Freight ?The responsibilities for the risks of the sellers are the same as those in CFR. But the seller is still responsible for insuring the shipped goods for ocean transportation and bears all the insurance costs.

37? What is the significanee of transportation deregulation?

Before deregulation, government regulatory agencies, in effect, controlled carriers rates and the service offerings that carriers made available to the public. Innovation was not encouraged. Now that deregulation has removed the shackles of control, both shippers and carriers are free to negotiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both pan ties. Hence, both ship- pers and carries are free to inno vate as much as their imagi nation allows ?

38.What is an in ter national turnkey project?

For an in ter national tur nkey project, a firm signs a con tract with a foreign purchaser and un dertakes all the desig ning, con tracti ng and facility equippi ng before handing it over to the latter upon completi on. Such projects are ofte n large and complex and take a long period to complete? Payment for a turkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The I at- ter way of payme nt shifts the burde n of possible additi onal cost over the origi nal budget onto the purchaser.

39.Explain the major differenee between GNP and GDP.

GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place.

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（三）

36.Except counter trade, what are the other modes of trade ?

Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency, etc?

37.Mention some of the risks the exporter and the importer may face in trade.

For the exporter there is the risk of buyer default. The importer might fail to pay in full for the goods?On the part of the importer, there is the risk that the shipment will be delayed, and he might only receive them long after payment. There is also a risk that wrong goods might be sent as a result of negligenee of the exporter or simply because of his lack of integrity.

38.What is the unique feature of the letter of credit7 How does it offer security to the buyer and the seller?

The seller has the security to get paid provided he presents impeccable documents while the buyer has the security to get the goods required through the documents he stipulates in the credit? The bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.

39.What is a clean bill of lading?

A clean bill of lading is one which states that the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition. It is meant that the document is devoid of any qualifying remarks concerning the packing and the outer appearanee of the goods?And the carrier admits full liability for the goods described in the bill of lading and is bound to carry the goods and deliver them in like condition in which he has received them?

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36.How important is insurable interest?

If there were no such a principle, crimes would be en couraged ? Every con tract of insurance requires an in surable inter- est to support it, or otherwise it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained.

37.How would you defi ne in ter natio nal trade?

In ter national trade can be defj ned as the excha nge of goods and services produced in one coun try with those produced in ano ther.

38? What does the term Triad refer to? What is meant by Quad?

The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world the United States, the European Union and Japan that of- ter the most importa nt busi ness opport un ities Some people exte nd the scope of Triad to in elude Can ada and n ame the broadened grouping Quad?

39」s comparative advantage something static? Is it purely decided by the endowments of nature? Give examples to show the development of comparative advantage by certain countries?

Comparative advantage is not a static concept? A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions, independent of the endowments of nature? SwitzerlancTs comparative advantage in watchmaking is a typi- o al example?

国际商务英语仿真试题演练（五）

36.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?

China with a per capita in come of over $ 1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low in come country just a few years ago.

37.What is a free trade area7 Make a brief account of the most notable free trade area in the world.

Members of a free trade area removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts ils own policy as regards to trade with outsiders ? The most no table free trade area is the North America n Free Trade

Agreement( NAFIA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991 ?

38.What are the basic feature and major role of economic globalization?

With the basic feature of free flow of commodity, capital, tech nology, service, and informati on in the global con text for optimized allocation, economic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic developme nt and mea nwhile maki ng the various econo mies more and more in terdepe ndent and in teractive ? It has become an objective trend in world economic development.

39? What is the most comm on form of non-tariff barriers? Explai n it in a few words ?

Quotas or qua ntitative restrictio ns are the most comm on form of non-tariff barriers. A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time?

国际商务英语考前密押试卷(一)

36. What is the d iff ere nee betwee n a-sight draft and a usa nee draft?

The sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee while the usanee draft is payable at a later date e. g. 30, 45, 60, or 90 days after sight or date?

37」n what way is a customs union d if fere nt from a free trade area?

Customs Union goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves? Since imports from other countries are subject to the same tailff no matter which member they export to, it is impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a tour as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.

38.What are the four types of multinational enterprises?

The first type is called multi-domestic corporation; the second type is the global corporations; the third type is the transnational corporation; the fourth type can be referred to as world companies.

39.What does the theory of in ter national specializati on seek to an swer?

The theory of in ter national specializati on seeks to an swer the questi on which cou ntries will produce what goods, with what trade patter ns among them ?

国际商务英语考前密押试卷(二)

36.Menion the two types of business negotiations, and give example for each.

There are two types of business n egotiations: oral and writte n? The former refers to direct discussi ons con ducted at trade fairs or by sendi ng trade groups abroad or by inviti ng foreig n customers ? Busi ness discussions through in ter national trunk calls are also included in this category? Written negotiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.

37.Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?

The main reason for the 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronic data in tercha nge. In the 1990 versi on of In coterms this is possible whe n the parties have to provide various documents ( such as com-mercial invoice8,documents needed for customs clearanee as well as transport documents)

38.Why was the Special Drawing Right created?

Un der the Brett on Woods System, people would hold dollars so long as they trusted the con vertibility of the dollar into gold. With the increase of foreign dollar holdings to finance trade expansion, the faith of dollar holders decreased in the ability of the Un ited States to redeem the dollar for gold. To reduce the dema nd for the dollar as a reserve currency, the special drawing right was created?

39? What con tents should be included in a firm offer?

] In making a firm offer, mention should be made of the time of shipment and the mode of payment desired in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, spec讦ications, packing, etc. The validity period is indispensa- ble to a firm offer.

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