英国文学论文
《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的个人主义
在英国文学史上，十八世纪被认为是一个特殊的历史时期，因为在这一时期英国社会经济结构发生了巨变，工业革命爆发，导致了英国工业资本主义得到迅速发展。工业革命不仅是一场经济变革，同时也是一场社会变革，引起了英国社会的全面变革。改变了人们的经济地位，形成了新的社会阶级关系。社会经济的发展给人们意识形态领域无疑产生了巨大的影响，人们开始抛弃传统，废除影响个人发展和个人独立思想形成的旧观念、旧模式和旧思维。一个新型的经济和政治组织给其成员最大的自由来选择自己的行为，正是在这一大的社会背景下，一个新的名词“经济个人主义”诞生了。这一思想促使了人们背离过去和社会传统规约，以自我为中心，张扬个性和挖掘能力，同时在宗教界，新教主义思想得到了广泛的传播。为“经济个人主义”思潮推波助澜。政治、经济和宗教界的种种变化在英国产生了轩然大波。
丹尼尔.迪福，这个被称为英国小说之父的伟大作家，用自己独特的写作方式记录了当时时代、社会和人们思想的变迁，其哲学观与17世纪经验派有着不谋而合之处，其小说也从各方面揭示了社会的“经济个人主义”思想，《鲁宾逊漂流记》就是这一思想得以表达的典型代表。这部小说是迪福受当时一个真实故事启发而创作的。1704年9月一名叫亚历山大.塞尔柯克的苏格兰水手在海上与船长发生争吵，被船长遗弃在南美洲大西洋中的按菲南德岛上，四年后当他被救回英国时已成了一个野人。塞尔柯克在荒岛上并没有做出什么值得颂扬的英雄事迹，但是迪福通过自己的想象把鲁宾逊塑造成了一个充满劳动热情的新人。他凭借着自己顽强不息的劳动与大自然作斗争，表现出惊人的毅力。鲁宾逊一到荒岛，就克服了最初的悲观情绪，立即投入了政府大自然的斗争，这种征服自然的无限勇气和坚韧不拔的实干精神使鲁宾逊的形象产生了巨大的艺术魅力。作者借此歌颂了资产阶级在资本原始积累时期的冒险精神，强调了个人的聪明和毅力。因此，“鲁宾逊”成了当时中小资产阶级心目中的英雄人物，代表了西方文学中的一个理想化的新型资产者形象。
《鲁宾逊漂流记》一经问世，就被许多经济学家看作是了一本经济学著作。小说中的主人公是经济个人主义的有力体现。他孜孜以求，以追求个人利益和占有、发展和扩大为最终目的，作者把这一行为看作是当时整个世界的主流趋势。在这个世界上人们在根据自己的得失想方设法地获取金钱和利益，麦克斯.韦伯认为这就是现代资本主义的典型技术特征。迪福小说中的主人公，无需学习这种技巧，他们生来血液里就已经具有了这种技能。小说中的故事情节也表达了当时
人们社会生活的重要价值趋向，正是这种生活愿望使迪福小说中的主人公和其他小说中所描写的流浪汉大相径庭。鲁宾逊不像奥托里斯科，一个既熟悉当地生活又遍游各地的生意人；也不像尤利西斯，一个努力回归家园和故土的航海家。他唯一的使命就是追求利益，梦想着占有整个世界。追求个人经济地位的价值趋向不仅削弱了人们社会生活中的群体关系，而且也影响了个体关系。正如韦伯所说，作为人类生活最重要的非理性因素之一，性在迪福的小说中成了个体追求经济目标最大的潜在威胁。因此，在工业资本主义的意识形态中，性被严格地控制了起来。与其他小说相比，在迪福小说中，浪漫的爱情故事没有什么市场。甚至是连性欲望的满足也大大减弱了。比如，在小说《回忆录》中，他曾这样形容性行为，“对于那种微不足道的享乐而深感懊悔是一点也不值得的。”这一点儿都不惊奇，在鲁宾逊自己的生活中，爱情发挥着很小的作用，性的诱惑也不能战胜他对孤岛的占有欲。他认为战胜孤岛是他最大的胜利。当鲁宾逊注意到孤岛上社会关系的缺失时，他向上帝乞求给他一个性伴侣作为安慰，但是他所渴望得到的是一个男性的努力，并满不在乎地给他取名为“星期五”，然后，他们两个在这荒岛上，在没有女人的情况下，享受着田园般的生活。这种思想与《奥德赛》和《纽约人》当中所提倡的传统期望相比简直是一种革命。当最终鲁宾逊返回到文明世界中时，性仍然严格地屈从与生意，只有当他的经济地位通过再一次航行而得到巩固时，他才结婚。除了爱情、婚姻和性之外，我们在迪福的小说中也能找到他对其他非经济因素的贬低。最典型的例子就是那个叫佐利的毛利男孩，他帮助鲁宾逊从别人的奴役下逃脱，并在一次危险关头情愿牺牲自己的生命来效忠鲁宾逊，因此鲁宾逊决心爱他一辈子，并承诺把他培养成一个出色的人。然而有一次，一个葡萄牙的船长主动拿出六十西班牙银币来买佐利，由于这个价格超出了友塔斯所给出的价格的一倍，最终鲁宾逊没能抵挡住这样的诱惑，就把佐利卖给船长作了奴隶。短时间内他感到良心不安，但是当听到船长说“如果佐利成了基督教徒，十年后就给他自由”这句话时，这种良心上的谴责很快就烟消云散了。这次事证明在鲁宾逊的内心中金钱和利益高于一切，面对金钱和利益，友情、爱情和恩情都可以抛弃，其“经济个人主义”显露无遗。鲁宾逊和星期五之前的关系同样是以自我为中心的经济个人主义思维模式的体现，当鲁宾逊救了这个小孩之后，连他的名字都可以不问，就直接根据自己的意愿给他取名叫“星期五”，他说因为那天是星期五，就叫他“星期五”吧。这一行为说明了鲁宾逊只是把星期五看作是自己的私有财产，并打算用他来扩大自己的再生产。甚至在言语方面鲁宾逊也表现出了他的殖民思想，他只教星期五说“yes”和“no”。让星期五绝对地效忠和服从于他，他们之间完全是一种主人和奴隶的关系，鲁宾逊也非常满足于这种关系。而且认为这事他们之间一种最理性的关系。当他时不时地听到星期五说“是
的，主人；不，主人”这样的字眼时，内心充满了快乐和成就感。正是在这种主仆的不平等关系基础之上鲁宾逊利用星期五为他的经济利益服务。就鲁宾逊个人的性格特征来说，我也可以看得出，静静地坐在那里对于鲁宾逊是人生无法容忍的事情，他总是在忙忙碌碌，东奔西跑，最大限度的获取利益，去实现自己的理想抱负。他所建立的社会关系也是建立在此基础上的。在这一点上，他与作者笛福很相像，意志坚定，不受任何人的干扰。
迪福如同他所描写的主人公那样，出身于中产阶级，他父亲常用知足常乐的哲学教育他，要他满足现状，不要出海。但是海外的新世界像一股不可抗拒的吸引力诱惑着他，他决心舍弃安逸舒适的平庸生活并出海远航。第一次出海他几乎淹死。第二次出海，又被海盗掳去，逃出后在巴西发了财。但是他仍不死心，经别人提议，再次出航，结果滞留海岛。二十八年的古到生活阻止不了他的继续冒险。在孜孜以求地追求着自己的个人利益，陶醉在自己所获得的成就中，认为这就是最大的成功，这恰恰是当时英国资本主义特征的典型体现。资本家们在追求利益的过程中，以自我为中心，甚至为此不惜代价，敢于冒险，并在冒险中获得乐趣。这种勇于进取的冒险精神，表现了当时新兴的资产阶级不满足于现状，要开拓世界、占有世界的野心和欲望。在他的盲目的美学经历中，鲁宾逊是迪福的同伴，我们可以用马克思说的原型资本家形容迪福，“快乐屈从于资本，亮哥资本家可以相互取乐。”无论在哪儿，当鲁宾逊看到他的一亩亩土地时，就大声喊道，“要开发！”他无暇去注意土地上所蕴藏的美丽景色。他虽然不像斯科尔克那样与他的山羊跳舞，但它至少与他们一起玩耍，还有他的鹦鹉和猫，然而他最大的满足感来自于检查清点他储藏的货物。“我已经储备好啦一切，”他说：“看到所有的货物排列整齐我感到极大的快乐，特别是看到我有这么多的生活必需品。”物质的丰富给鲁宾逊带来了极大的快感，是他感觉到整个孤岛就是它的殖民地，他就像是岛上的国王。孤岛上的一切都是他的财产，包括星期五在内。
小说中鲁宾逊是个劳动者同时又是资产者和殖民者，因此具有剥削的本性，鲁宾逊的这种性格完全依赖于当时经济个人主义的心理和社会趋向。迪福的创作被认为是当时应该现代小说的兴起，其小说中的经济个人主义是他小说的一大特色，探究其原因，当然与当时工业革命所带来的资本注意和经济的专门化密切相关。资本主义的发展大大促进了英国经济专门化的形成，这一经济现象与同性质的社会结构和更为民主化的政治体制相结合变大大增加了个人选择的自由。整个社会的管理和运行不再是建立在家庭、教堂、行会、城镇和其他集体单位的基础之上，个人有权决定自己的经济、社会、政治和宗教角色。社会经济的专门化促进了劳动力的分工，这使得迪福特色的小说创作成为可能。社会劳动和劳动力的分工，造就了生活中人们性格、态度和经历的巨大差异。地府正是抓住了这种社
会现象，从个人主义，而且是经济个人主义的角度刻画了其小说中的主人公。而从读者方面来看，也正是这一点吸引了读者的兴趣，当时读者很崇拜这种用过冒险来获得利益的精神，读者把鲁宾逊看作是一个英雄，而不去注意其他非物质利益的因素。由此小说的创作的是读者和作者在其思想意识上产生了共鸣，这也就是笛福小说去的巨大成功的原因之一。笛福小说中的个人经济利益也可以说是根植于清教主义的思想意识。清教主义认为劳动是神圣的，应该受到尊重，人生来就是要劳动，通过劳动来赎人类祖先亚当和夏娃所犯下的原罪。迪福深受这一宗教思想的影响。小说中的鲁宾逊很少休息，总是不断地在工作，星期五带给他的不是消除孤独寂寞的喜悦，而是扩大再生产的兴奋。所以这种清教主义思想为当时英国现实主义小说的兴起奠定了思想基础，也为笛福小说中人物活动的叙述提供了素材。迪福的小说主要以任务每天的活动为对象进行叙述，通过活动反应人物的思想，体现出其个人利益至上，而这种利益的获得是建立在勤劳、节俭、勇敢、智慧和开拓的精神之上的，这些人物特征也恰恰是资本主义精神和清教思想结合的产物。
英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey?Chaucer, one?of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史期中论文
An Analysis of the Design of the First Assembly in Pride and Prejudice [Abstract] In Pride and Prejudice, the first assembly is the stage of the debut of hero, Darcy and the heroine, Elizabeth. Therefore, the design of this assembly, including which part of the assembly should be narrated directly in the description of the assembly, how to do with other things happened during the party, how to shape the characteristics and personality of the two main characters as well as other important role on the assembly, is essentially significant to the character portrait for the whole novel. Mainly employing description of language and technique of comparative description, the plot about this assembly is well-designed as three parts, before, during and after the assembly, which is efficient to the character figuring of the novel. [Keywords] character figuring, design, description of language, comparative description The novel introduces the first assembly in Chapter 3, using only half of a chapter to directly describe things happened on the party while two other whole chapter to show people’s discussion on it. By the delicate design, vivid language description and useful comparative description, the description of this party is highly efficient to the chapter portrait of this novel. Before the party, Mrs. Bennet’s worry about Mr. Bingley’s going into the town is showed, which totally reveals the purpose of Mrs. Bennet’s participating in the dinner, again echoing the description of Mrs. Bennet’s saying "If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield, and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for." (Austen, 2001: 2) at former plot. In the case, the assembly is platform to looking for sweetheart, love and even possible marriage (Yang, 91). At the end of this paragraph, Mr. Bingley’s invitating his sisters and Darcy leads to the appearance of these important characters. For the description of things happened during the party, instead of using scene description to the setting of the ball or psychological description to the participators, language description organized by comparative technique is mainly employed to mould different personality of different participant. First of all, It can be directly seen that the description of Mr. Hurst’s and Mr. Darcy’s first appearance is put in the same paragraph and connected by the conjunction “but”,
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
Bartleby英国文学期末论文
Interpretation of “Bartleby” 2012 English Class, 1204402019, Crush Abstract Herman Melville?s tale “Bartleby”is one of those highly acclaimed symbolic short stories in the 19th century. Bartleby is an exploited worker in the capitalistic prison—Wall Street. To some critics, he is “a Thoreau-like practitioner of passive resistance”or “an autobiographical projection of Melville as alienated author.”1In this article, I am going to concentrate on the dark, ruthless commercial society and its defective capitalist values the narrator wants to reveal in “Bartleby”; specifically, I will illustrate how the narrator?s failure to understand the existence of Bartleby and to help him indicates the limitations of rationalism. Further more, I will also try to explain what does Bartleby really need, and how can people really save him from terrible forlornness. Key words Bartleby society limitation rationalism capitalist values Melville?s “Bartleby”is narrated by the first-person narrator, as he describes himself, is “a man who, from his youth upwards, has been filled with a profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best…one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men?s bonds and mortgages and title-deeds.” He is quite satisfied with his profitable life. He is proud of himself in his successful business and proudly attached that he was once employed and praised by John Jacob Astor: “All who know me consider me an eminently safe man. The late John Jacob Astor, a personage little given to poetic enthusiasm, had no hesitation in pronouncing my first grand point to be prudence; my next method.”The narrator is a typical business man of Wall Street—the epitome of the increasing urbanized, capital-driven society. The author does not set Wall Street as the backdrop randomly, but uses it 1(journal articles) Y on-jae Jung, “The Poe-esque Elements in Melville?s…Bartleby the Scrivener?”, Foreign Literature Studies 4 (2009), p. 63.
英语论文修改 英国文学经典选读
Growth Theme in Great Expectations Great Expectations, which belongs to bidungroman is wrote by Charles Dickens. Pip was the hero of this novel who was adopted by Magwitch who was helped by little Pip. Pip fell in love with a girl Estella adopted by a rich woman Miss Havisham. When Pip grew up, he received plenty of money that earned by Magwitch during his exiled years'.But Pip mistook that the sponsor was Miss Havisham. Pip was managed go to London to be a gentleman. In his new life, Estella married a playboy. One day, Magwitch came back and told all of the truth. Pip decided to escape but it was failed. Magwitch died and his property was confiscated then Pip became a poor again. Pip gains maturity from love:When Pip was a child, he was taken to Miss Havisham's castle to play for her. During this period, he loved Estella, but later Miss Havisham didn't agree Pip to come again and send Estella French. However, Pip didn't forget Estella. When they met again, Estella wasn't the original girl anymore. She chased after fame, money and status. Estella refused Pip's love resolutely and wanted to marry another gentleman. At the beginning, Pip couldn't accept it, but he put down the love and put it in his heart in the end. In a certain extent, Pip got growth from his love. Pip rescues Miss Havisham :Pip knew it was Miss Havisham that separated him with Estellla, and taught her take revenge to man. Pip couldn't stand what Miss Havisham had done to him. However Miss Havisham was sick seriously, and she hope Pip can forgive her. Unlucky, Miss Havisham got burned by accident. Pip grasped the curtain as soon as possible and threw himself at Miss Havisham completely disregarding his own safety. But Miss Havisham was died. Pip forgave Miss Havisham. At that time, he did realize the importance of forgiveness. Pip helps Magwitch to escape :When Pip came back to his place, he found a old man in the room. ”yes, Pip, dear boy, I have made a gentleman on you. I swore that time, sure as ever I earned a guinea, that guinea should go to you. I swore afterwards, sure as ever I speculated and got rich. You should get rich…look'ee here, Pip, I'm your second father. you are my son─ more to me nor any son…”(英国文学选
英国文学期末考试复习要点
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6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable） 7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope. 8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。 9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学史课程论文
英国文学史课程论文 Lake Poets in the history of English literature 英国文学史上的湖畔诗人 院（系）名称外国语学院 专业名称英语 学生姓名程路佳 学生学号1201200127 课程教师刘鹏飞 2015年12月23日
Lake Poets in the history of English literature Auther:Cheng Lujia Tutor:Liu Pengfei Abstract The Lake Poets or Lake School was a group of English poets: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, RobertSouthey, and William Wordsworth. They lived in the “lake district” in northwestern England. This group was part of the romantic movement of the late 1700?s and early 1800?s. They were inspired by the French revolution and theEnglish Industrial Revolution. They made bold experiments on poetry writing, no matter no poetry language seeking or subjects. Wordsworth was regarded as “worshipper of nature”. Coleridge was not only a poet but also a critic. While Southey pay more his attention to his democratic community in America known as “Pant isocracy”. Key words: The Romantic Period, Nature, Super nature, Imagination, Innovation, Simple language, Inner world, Spirit, Common life, Democratic, Pant isocracy
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
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