第九讲 时态三

第九讲：英语动词时态（三）

【教学目标】让学生掌握英语中常用时态的基本用法。

【教学重点】过去完成时，过去将来时，过去进行时的考点。

【教学难点】过去完成时，过去将来时，过去进行时的基本用法

【教学过程】

一．过去完成时

1、概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。

----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->

那时以前那时现在

2、构成：had + done

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

二、过去完成时的判断依据

1.由时间状语来判定

(1)by + 过去的时间点I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

by + 将来的时间点By this summer, I will have lived Beijing for nine years.（将来完成时）

（11江苏）——Tommy is planning to buy a car.

——I know. By next month, he____enough for a used one.

A. saves B .saved C.will save D. will have saved

(2)by the end of + 过去的时间点。

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

before+过去时间

（2011北京卷）Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：

（ 1 ）宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在tol d, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：

She said that she had seen the film before.

（ 2 ）状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

①After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

②He left the room after he had turned off the lights.他在关灯后离开了房间。

③The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.(浙江2007)

A have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. Arrive

.④By the time Jane gets home,her aunt______for London to attend a meeting.(2005天津)

A will leave

B leaves

C will have left

D left

.⑤(2011辽宁卷) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college.

A. graduated

B. has graduated

C. had been graduating

D. had graduated

注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

（3）. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to B eijing.

（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.

三、过去完成时其他用法：

1.过去完成时可表示未曾实现的愿望或想法。有此用法的动词有expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want等。had hoped to do = hoped to have done

(1) I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment. 我本想帮助你，但当时太忙了。

(2)I had meant to come, but something happened.（我本想来的，但有事就没来。）

2.固定句式：

(1)在hardly/scarcely...when;no sooner ...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

注:Hardly, no sooner至于句首构成部分倒装

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装)

. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?(天津2006)

—No, no sooner ____ than it happened.

A. had she gone

B. she had gone

C. has she gone

D. she has gone

3.表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

4.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

二. 过去进行时

1.定义：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：

I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time.

2. 结构：“was / were + 现在分词”构成。

3. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点

(1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：

I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动？

(3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：

He was always thinking of others.

4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

(1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：

He was writing his composition last night. (不一定写完)

He wrote his composition last night. (已经写完)

(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：

I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.

(3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。如：

He always got up at six.

(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如：

I thought that he would agree with us.

I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice.

三．过去将来时

1. 定义：过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He said he would come here next Friday.

2.结构：

(1) would + 动词原形。如：

When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.

(2) was / were going to + 动词原形。如：

He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。

(3) was / were to + 动词原形。如：

The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。

Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。

(4) was / were about to + 动词原形。如：

We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

(5) was / were +现在分词。如：

He was leaving the next day.

过去完成时高考真题再现：

1.（10安徽）----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?

A. was reading

B. had read

C. am reading

D. have read

2. （10安徽）----We’ve spent too much money recently.

----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time

A. are coming

B. had come

C. were coming

D. have been coming

3.（10湖南）This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year.

A. was named

B. named

C. is named

D. names

4.（10湖南）I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?

A. has done

B. had done

C. would do

D. will do

5. （10湖南）I'm tired out. . I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

A. shopped

B. have shopped

C. had shopped

D. have been shopping

6.（10江西）Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father.

A shoulders

B shouldered

C is shouldering

D has been shouldering

7.（10山东）Up to now, the program ____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

A. would save

B. Saves

C. had saved

D. has saved

8.（10天津）We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.

A. are working

B. have been working

C. worked

D. had worked

9.（10四川）一When shall we restart our business?

一Not until we our plan．

A．will finish B．are finishing C．are to finish D．have finished

过去进行时专练：

1. I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.

a. cooked, were ringing

b. was cooking, rang

c. was cooking, were ringing

d. cooked, rang

2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

a. tries

b. tried

c. was trying

d. will try

3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

a. was watching, was hearing

b. watched, was hearing

c. watched, heard

d. was watching, heard

4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

a. were watching

b. watch

c. watched

d. are watching

5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

a. did, read, was seeing

b. did, read, saw

c. were, reading, saw

d. were, reading, was seeing

6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.

a. are getting

b. get

c. were getting

d. got

7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.

a. is, thinking, was

b. was, thinking, is

c. did, think, is

d. was, thinking, was

8. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.

a. saw, passed

b. was seeing, passed

c. was seeing, passed

d. was seeing, was passing

9. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.

a. were waiting, waiting

b. were waiting, wait

c. waited, waiting

d. waited, wait

10. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.

a. helps

b. would help

c. was helping

d. is helping

过去将来时

1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.

A. as; come

B. was; would come

C. would be; came

D. will be; come

2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.

A. spent

B. would spent

C. was going to spent

D. would spend

3. —What did your son say in the letter?

—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.

A. will visit

B. has visited

C. is going to visit

D. would visit

4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.

A. to come

B. is coming

C. will come

D. was coming

5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.

A. took

B. would take

C. takes

D. will take

6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.

A. are going to grow

B. were going to grow

C. will grow

D. have grown

7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.

A. is going

B. will go

C. was about to go

D. is to go