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中文习语的翻译

中文习语的翻译
中文习语的翻译

Translation of Chinese Idioms

中文习语种类很多,包括谚语、惯用语以及歇后语等。

谚语的特点是:比喻生动,寓意深刻,用词精炼,讲究对仗和韵律,朗朗上口,如:一瓶子水不响,半瓶子水乱晃。

惯用语是口头上常用的洗练、含蓄的语言,比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性,如门外汉、风凉话、说曹操曹操就到。

歇后语是中国百姓中广为流传的一种特殊语言形式,生动形象、诙谐幽默。一般由两部分组成,前半截为形象的比喻,后半截是前面比喻的解释、说明。如:哑巴吃黄连——有苦说不出。

跟英文习语的翻译方法类似,中文习语的英译也可视情况采用直译、套译或意译的方法。

直译:

很多中文习语采用了生动形象的比喻,在不影响译文读者理解的前提下,我们可采用直译法,其优点是可以把原文的内容、形式和精神都输入到译文中。

谚语直译:

城门失火,殃及池鱼。

A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat(护城河).

明枪易躲,暗箭难防。

It is easy to dodge(躲闪) a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.

初生牛犊不怕虎。

直译:New-born calves make little of tigers.

意译:Young people are fearless.(这样的意译明显逊色于直译。失去了原文中的活力)

连根拔tear up by the roots 走后门Get in by the back door

走下坡路Go downhill 及时Timely rain 一窝蜂Like a swarm of bees

捋虎须

Stroke a tiger’s whiskers (猫科动物或鼠类的须,男人的连鬓胡子,一般用复数形式) 九牛二虎之力

The strength of nine bulls and two tigers

病急乱投医

Turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill

他是哑巴吃黄连,有苦说不出。

He was like the dumb man eating the bitter herb: he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence.

咱们俩的事,一条绳拴着两蚂蚱,谁也跑不了!

We’re like two grasshoppers tied to one cord: neither can get away!

套译:

英语和汉语中有不少非常相似或相近的习语,此时我们采用套译的方法,一方面可使译文更加通顺,另一方面更容易为译文读者理解和接受。

很多适用套译的中英习语都含有生动的比喻形象,只不过中英文思维方式不同而采用了不同的形象,但其实都为传达同一种精神。大家在分析套译例子时,可以留意欣赏一下这种异曲同工、殊途同归之妙。

谚语的套译:

三思而后行Look before you leap. 少见多怪。Wonder is the daughter of ignorance. 一次被火烧,二次避火苗。 A burnt child dreads (vt.畏惧) the fire.

半瓶醋,出事故。 A little learning is a dangerous thing.

惯用语的套译:

煞风景Be a wet blanket 拍马屁Lick sb’s boot

绕圈子Beat about the bush 摆架子Put on airs

灌米汤Butter sb. up(奉承,讨好) 露马脚Let the cat out of the bag

放空炮Talk big 挖空心思Rack one’s brains

唱反调Sing a different tune

歇后语的套译:

“老混蛋,你吃的河水,倒管得宽,这是你说话的地方?”

“Old bastard, poking your nose into things that don’t concern you! Who wants your opinion?”

日本曹长心里像有十五个吊桶打水,七上八下不安定。

It was as if the sword of Damocles hung over the Japanese sergeant(中士).

“我们这是梅香拜把子——都是奴才啊!”

We’re all birds of a feather--- all slaves here.

意译:

还有相当一部分习语由于语言结构和文化背景的缘故,不但没有对应的英文谚语可以套译,而且硬行直译反而会使译文读者不知所云,或使译文牵强附会。此时最好使用意译的方法,以帮助译文读者更好地理解原文。

谚语的意译:

失之东隅,收之桑榆。

What one loses on the swings one gets back on the roundabouts.

此处借用了英语中的“swings and roundabouts:有得也有失”

若直译为“lose where the sun rises and gain where the sun sets”,会使读者很费解。

塞翁失马,焉知非福。 A loss may turn out to be a gain.

若直译为:“When the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise?”译语对谚语背景不了解,看了会很费解。

庆父不死,鲁难未已。

There will always be trouble until the trouble-maker is removed.

若直译成“Until Qing Fu is done away with, the crisis in the state of Lu will not be over.”译文读者无法搞清文中的人名和国名。

此地无银三百两。

A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.

若译为“No 300 tales of silver buried here.”,读者不了解该谚语的出处,看了此译文仍然费解。

惯用语的意译:

风凉话Irresponsible and sarcastic remarks (不能译为cold words)

炒冷饭Dish up the same old stuff (不能译为fry the cold rice)

寻短见Commit suicide or take one’s own life. (不能译为look for a short view)

跑得了和尚跑不了庙。

A fugitive(逃犯) must belong to some place that can provide clues.

说曹操曹操就到。Talk of the devil and he will appear.

赔了夫人又折兵Suffer a double loss instead of making a gain

(三国典故,不能简单译为give one’s enemy a wife and lose one’s soldiers as well)

歇后语的意译:

等他们赶来营救时,已是正月十五贴门神——晚了半月啦。

But they were too late for a rescue.

他必审问我,我给他个徐庶入曹营——一语不发。

He’s sure to ask questions but I’ll hold my tongue to begin with.

可是她心中却想:咱骑着毛驴看唱本——走着瞧吧,看究竟是啥原因。

But she was still thinking to herself: “Let’s wait and see what the reason for it turns out to be in the end.”

我在家里呢,是灯草拐杖,做不得柱(主)的。

My position in the family doesn’t permit me to make a decision individually.

我那里管的上这些事来!见识又浅,嘴又笨,心又直,人家给我个棒槌,我就拿着认针(真)了。

I’m incapable of running things. I’m too ignorant, blunt and tactless, always getting hold of the wrong end of the stick.

习语翻译的总结:

比喻生动形象+译入语读者易于接受——直译(形神兼备)

在译入语中有对应习语——套译(易于接受)

不适合直译或套译——意译(传达本质)

切勿死译、胡译或不负责任的全条漏译

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经典中文的英译 但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心,其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月,低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

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2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房Room 201 二单元Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋Building 1 华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍Dormitory 厂Factory 楼/层Floor 酒楼/酒店Hotel 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 县County 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 镇Town 巷/弄Lane 市City 路Road(也简写作Rd.,注意后面的点不能省略)一环路1st Ring Road 省Province(也简写作Prov.) 花园Garden 院Yard 街Street/Avenue 大学College/University 信箱Mailbox 区District A座Suite A 广场Square 州State 大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同Alley(北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思) 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区Autonomous Region 直辖市Municipality 特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture

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9. An inch of time is an inch of gold but youcan't buy that inch of time with an inc h ofgold. 一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。 10. Only when all contribute their firewoodcan they build up a strong fire. 众人拾柴火焰高。 11. An ant may well destroy a whole dam. 千里之堤毁于蚁穴。 12. One cannot refuse to eat just becausethere is a chance of being choked. 因噎废食。 13. If a son is uneducated, his dad is toblame. 子不教,父之过。 14. A closed mind is like a closed book; just a block of wood. 呆若木鸡。 15. When you are poor, neighbors close by will not come; once you become rich, you'll besurprised by visits from (alleged) rel ativesafar. 穷在闹市无人问,富在深山有远亲。 16. Bad things never walk alone.

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