十二届两会同传译文
十二届全国人大一次会议副秘书长、新闻发言人傅莹:
女士们，先生们，大家上午好。今天我们很高兴地邀请到新任国务院总理和几位副总理与大家见面。我们先请李克强总理讲话。之后，他会回答大家提出的问题。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Today we are very happy to invite new premier of the state council and the new vice-premiers to meet with the press. First some opening remarks from the premier and then he will take your questions.
国务院总理李克强:
女士们、先生们，记者朋友们，首先感谢大家在中国两会报道中所付出的辛劳。
Ladies and gentlemen, friends of the press. First I’d like to thank you for your hard work in covering the NPC and CPPCC sessions.
这里我向大家介绍一下一起来的几位副总理。张高丽副总理，刘延东副总理，汪洋副总理，马凯副总理。
Let me present to you the vice-premiers who are with us this morning. Vice-premier Zhang Gaoli, Vice-premier Liu Yandong, Vice-premier Wang Yang and Vice-premier Ma Kai.
我们衷心感谢人民代表的信任，从担任新职的那一刻起，我就深感这是全国各族人民的重托，是重大责任。我们将忠诚于宪法，忠实于人民，以民之所望为施政所向。把努力实现人民对未来生活的期盼作为神圣使命，以对法律的敬畏、对人民的敬重、敢于担当、勇于作为的政府，去造福全体人民，建设强盛国家。这几句话是我的开场白，下边就欢迎记者朋友们提问。
We sincerely thank the NPC’s deputies for their trust. From the moment we take on the new role, I have deeply felt the heavy responsibilities the Chinese people of all nationalities have placed on our shoulders. W e will be true to the constitution, be loyal to the people and the people’s wish will point ( to) the direction of government’s efforts , we will take as our secret mission the peoples’aspirations for a better life. W e will revere laws, respect the people, take on our responsibilities and have the courage to get things done, so as to benefit the whole nation and build a strong and prosperous country. These are my opening remarks. Now the floor is open for questions.
新加坡《联合早报》记者:
这次国家机构改革和职能转变方案引起高度关注，请问李总理的是，这次改革是不是您理想的方案？怎样达到简政放权和转变政府职能的目标？谢谢。
Lianhezaobao from Singapore. The plan for reforming state council institutions has attracted a lot of attention. Mr premier, is it your ideal plan and how do you intend to achieve the goals of streamlining government and transforming its functions? Thank you.
李克强:
你谈到理想，凡事想要做成的话，总是要在理想和现实之间作出可能的选择。这次改革方案核心是转变政府职能，当然也是简政放权。如果说机构改革是政府内部权力的优化配置，那么转变职能则是厘清和理顺政府与市场、与社会之间的关系。说白了，就是市场能办的，多放给市场。社会可以做好的，就交给社会。政府管住、管好它应该管的事。
You asked whether this is an ideal plan, I think, to succeed in doing anything, one has to strike a proper balance between ideal and reality. The core of government plan is to transform government functions. Of course, it’s a source about streamlining government and delegate powers to lower levels, the institutional reforms is about optimizing the distribution of power within the government and transforming the government functions is about redefining and rationalizing the relationship between the government on one hand and the market and society on the other. To put simply, we need to leave to the market and society what we can do well, and on the part of the government, we need to manage well those matters that for within our preview.
机构改革不易，转变职能更难，因为它更深刻。我经常在地方调研的时候，常听到这样的抱怨，办个事、创个业要盖几十个公章，群众说恼火得很。这既影响了效率，也容易有腐败或者叫寻租行为，损害了政府的形象。所以必须从改革行政审批制度入手来转变政府职能。现在国务院各部门行政审批事项还有1700多项，本届政府下决心要再削减三分之一以上。
Institutional reform is not easy, and transforming the functions will be even more difficult, because it would require more in-depth exchanges. When I visited local communities, I often heard people complain to me that they would need approve of nearly several dozens of departments to get something done or start their business, and people are quite frustrated about this. Such as date for fairs is not good for government efficiency, it might create opportunities for corruption or rent-seeking behavior, and would harm the image of the government. Therefore, we would start with reform of the system, of government, of examination and approve. Right now , we have over 1,700 items that still require the approve of the state council department. Within the
term of this department, we are determined to cut that figure by at least one third.
不是说政府有错位的问题吗？那就把错装在政府身上的手换成市场的手。这是削权，是自我革命，会很痛，甚至有割腕的感觉，但这是发展的需要，是人民的愿望。我们要有壮士断腕的决心，言出必行，说到做到，决不明放暗不放，避重就轻，更不能搞变相游戏。
As for the view that expressed by some people that the government has some misplaced roles, then we restore to the market and the hand has misground on the government. The reform is about curbing government power itself imposed revolution, it would require real sacrifice and this would be painful, and this demanded by the development and wanted by the people. Then we are determined to make that sacrifice. W e will keep our promise and match our words with action. We will never secretly hold on powers or shield away from real issues. We will never play any games to get around the requirement of the reform.
人民日报记者:
总理您好，我是人民日报和人民网的记者。很多人都认为，新一届政府所面临的任务十分艰巨。那么，我想请问总理，您的施政目标是什么？您打算首先去解决的主要问题又是什么？谢谢。
Good morning, premier. I ‘m from people’s Daily and its website. Many people believe that your government will face a daunting agenda. Mr premier , what are the goals of your agenda? And what are the top priorities on your agenda?
李克强:
这是个大问题啊。关于施政目标，可以说中共十八大已经做出了全面部署，这就是本届政府的施政目标。在我们离实现现代化越近的时候，遇到的风险和挑战就会越多。
You ask a big question. As for the goals of our government, the eighteenth NPC has set up that in comprehensive detail, those will the goals of my government. The nearer we are to our goal of modernization, the more risks and the more challenges we might encounter.
偌大个中国要解决的事很多，如果说主要问题的话，我想：第一，还是持续发展经济。可以料想，未来中国经济环境依然是严峻复杂，我们要居安思危，也要处变不惊，保持经济持续增长，防范通货膨胀，控制潜在风险，使中国经济不发生大的波动。
China is such a large country, there are , naturally , so many things for us to handle. But, to summarize, the highest priority will be to maintain sustainable economic growth, it can be expected that economic environment facing in China continue to be serious and complex. We must be prepared for the potential adversity and handle the changing situation in a calm fashion. W e need to maintain steady economic growth, prevent inflation and control latent risks, so that there won’t be big fluctuation in our economic performance.
要努力去实现2020年的目标，测算一下，这需要年均增长7%的速度，这不容易。
To realize the goal we have set for our country by 2020, we would have to register an annual GDP growth rate for around seven percent, that wouldn’t be easy.
但是，我们有有利的条件，有巨大的内需。关键在推动经济转型，把改革的红利、内需的潜力、创新的活力叠加起来，形成新动力，并且使质量和效益、就业和收入、环境保护和资源节约有新提升，打造中国经济的升级版。
But we have favorable conditions in place and enormous potential in domestic demand. The key is to have economic transformation. We need to combine the dividends of reform, the potential of domestic demand, creativity and vitality of creativity, so that this will together form a new drivers of economic growth. W e need to enhance the quality and efficiency of economic growth, raise economic figures and people’s income, and enhance environmental protection and saving of resources, so that we will fully upgrade the Chinese economy.
第二，是不断改善民生。也就是说要着力提高城乡居民，特别是低收入者的收入，持续地扩大中等收入的群体。
Secondly, we need to work constantly improve people’s lives. That is to say, we need to improve the income of urban and rural populations, especially the low income group, and we need to expand the size of middle income group.
如果说政府也是民生政府的话，就要重点保障基本民生，来编织一张覆盖全民的保障基本民生的安全网。其中包括义务教育、医疗、养老保险、住房等，努力逐步把短板补上。还要坚守网底不破，通过完善低保、大病救助等制度，兜住特困群体的基本生活。这些人如果陷入生存的窘境，很容易冲击社会的道德和心理底线，所以政府要尽力，并且调动社会的力量，保障人们的基本生存权利和人格尊严。
Now the government is about improving the people’s lives, to provide the basic necessities for
our people, we need to create the social safety net that covers the entire population and protect the people’s basic need, that would involve compulsory education,medical care, old age insurance, housing and so on. We need to work hard to gradually strengthen the weak links in our country’s development. Also we need to improve the allowance subsistence system and a system for patients suffering from major diseases, so that the really poor people can have something to fall back on. If these people experience even more difficulties in their life, that would disrupt the moral and psychological baseline of our society. To do that, the government should make its utmost efforts, we will mobilize the sources in our society so as to protect the people’s subsistence right and their dignity.
第三，是要促进社会公正。公正是社会创造活力的源泉，也是提高人民满意度的一杆秤，政府理应是社会公正的守护者。
Third, we will promote social fairness. Fairness is a source of societal creativity and yardstick for improving the people’s satisfaction with the work of the government. The government should be the guardian for social fairness.
我们要努力使人人享有平等的机会，不论是来自城市还是农村，不论是来自怎样的家庭背景，只要通过自身的努力，就可以取得应有的回报。不论是怎样的财富创造者，是国企、民企还是个体经营者，只要靠诚信公平竞争，都可以获得应有的收获。
We need to work hard to create equal opportunities for everyone, for people from urban and rural areas, and for all those people regardless of their family background, so that people’s hard work will be duly rewarded. And whatever type of wealth creator you are, a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise or individually-run business, as long as compete in a level playing field and conduct your business in a clean and honest way, then you will be able to taste the success.
解决这三个问题，也可以说是实现三项任务，还需要有三大保障。一是建设创新政府，依靠改革开放使经济社会充满活力；二是建设廉洁政府，增强政府的公信力、执行力和效率；三是建设法治政府，这尤为根本，要把法律放在神圣的位置，无论任何人、办任何事，都不能超越法律的权限，我们要用法治精神来建设现代经济、现代社会、现代政府。
To attain these goals and to fulfill these three tasks, the following issues are essential. First, we need to build an innovative government so that we can further the issue of vitality of economic society through reform and opening-up. Second, we need to build a clean government and make our government more credible, effective and efficient. Third, we need to a government under the rule of law, laws should have a sacred place in our society. No matter who you are , no matter
what you intend to do, you must not exceed the boundaries of the law. Under the guidance of the rule of law, intend to build a modern economy , a modern society and a modern government.
推进这三项任务的实现，应该说要付出艰辛的努力。好在我的前任温家宝总理和已经离任的同事们打下了好的基础，我们对他们表示深深的敬意。我们也坚信，在以习近平同志为总书记的中共中央领导下，依靠13亿人的勤劳、智慧，我们会不断地走向成功，去实现民族复兴、实现现代化。谢谢。
To achieve these three tasks, we would have to make arduous efforts. The good thing is my predecessor Premier Wenjiabao and my colleagues who have later retired have laid a good foundation for our future work. We would like to convey our deepest respect for them. I am convinced that under the leadership of CPC central committee with comrade Xijinping as the general secretary, and with the hard effort and wisdom of 1.3 billion Chinese people, we will achieve success and achieve the goals of national renewal and modernization. Thank you.
中央人民广播电台记者:
总理，您好。我们注意到最近一段时期，一些地方接连曝光腐败案件，我们想问一下总理，新一届政府将会采取哪些具体的措施，让人民对反腐败更有信心？谢谢。
China national radio and its website. In the recent period, some cases of corruption have been exposed in different parts of the country. Mr premier, what specific measures will your government adopt to increase the people’s confidence in anti-corruption efforts?
李克强:
我要补充对刚才人民日报和人民网提问的感谢，而且也认为你提的问题十分重要。因为腐败和我们政府的信誉应该说水火不容，中国政府反对腐败的决心和意志是坚定不移的，这里我也想表个态。
Let me add and I want to thank the people’s Daily and its website for raising the last question. And you have raised an important question. Corruption is at its complete with our nature and our government, the Chinese government has the unshakeable resolve and determination to fight corruption. And here, let me make my position clear.
为政清廉应该先从自己做起，己正，才能正人，这是古训，也是真理。自古有所谓“为官发财，应当两道”。既然担任了公职，为公众服务，就要断掉发财的念想。我们愿意接受全社
会、接受媒体的监督。
Clean government should start with oneself. Only one is upright him or herself can he or her ask others to be upright. This is an ancient but also a truth. Since ancient times, holding government office and making money have been two separate lanes. Since we have chosen public service, we should give up all thought of making money. And we are readily accepted the supervision of the whole society and media.
我们还要建立和完善不能贪、不敢贪的反腐机制，让腐败行为、腐败分子依法受到严惩，绝不手软。更重要的是，要让权力在公开透明的环境中运行，使人民能够更为充分和有效地进行监督，这也是把权力涂上防腐剂，只能为公，不能私用。
We will also establish a sound mechanism so that officials unable to or dare not to practice corruption, so that we can punish corrupt officials to the full extent of the law, even more important, is to make sure that power will be exercised in an open and transparent fashion so that the people can supervise the government more fully and more effectively , so that we can distinguish the power against the possibility of abuse.
我们还要用简朴的政府来取信于民，造福人民，要让人民过上好日子，政府就要过紧日子。前一段我收到财政报告，1—2月份，中央财政的收入增幅只有1.6%，可以推想，未来财政再保持高速增长的收入态势不大可能了，但是民生支出是刚性的，不能减，只能增，那就需要削减政府的开支。这里我们也约法三章，本届政府内，一是政府性的楼堂馆所一律不得新建；二是财政供养的人员只减不增；三是公费接待、公费出国、公费购车只减不增。这三条中央政府要带头做起，一级做给一级看。谢谢。
And we need to win the trust of the people and bring benefit to them by practicing frugality in government affairs. If the people are to lead good lives and the government must be put on a tight budget. Recently, I have received report that central government fiscal revenues only increased by 1.6 percent in January and February of this year. In the future, you might not see high speed growth of fiscal revenues in China. However, spending on items related to people’s lives is a must. It will only increase, not decrease. That means we would cut our spending on government operations. Here, let me lay down three clear rules: Within the term of my government, First, we will not use government coffers to construct any new offices, houses or guesthouses for the government. Second, a number of government payroll will decrease, not increase. Third, spending on official hospitality, overseas trips for official business and the purchase of official vehicles will decrease, not increase. Fourth, the central government will lead by example and all levels of government must follow suit. Thank you.
美联社记者:
李总理，中国提出与美国构建新型的大国关系，那么中方希望美国做些什么？包括所谓美国战略重心转向亚洲。另外中国是否会停止对美国的黑客攻击？因为这一问题现已引起对美国国家安全的关注。
Premier Li, China has called for building a new type of relationship with the US, what would the Chinese side like the US to do including with the so-called China’s privilege to Asia, will China stop the cyber attacking against the US since it has now become an issue of American national security.
李克强:
你自己给自己当翻译应该拿双份工资。你提的问题使我想起前两天，我看美国媒体的报道，美方提出了这样一个观点，叫做不同大国之间的冲突并不是必然定律，我欣赏这个观点。我也想起上世纪80年代，到美国去访问，正值美国大选，两党人士我都有接触，他们都跟我说：你放心，无论谁当选，对华合作和一个中国的政策立场不会改变。
Your question also reminds me of the latest visit to the US in 1980s, at that time, it was at the US election season and met with people from both the name political parties. Both sides assured me that no matter who might come into power, cooperation with China and the commitment to the “One China” policy will not change.
虽然中美关系几十年来历经风风雨雨，但是一直向前走，为什么？这说明中美关系符合两国人民的根本利益，也符合世界和平发展的大势。
Over the last decade, the China US relationship, despite some ups and downs, has generally moved forward. Why? Because the development of our relations meets with the fundamental interests of people in both countries and serves the global trend of peace and development.
新一届中国政府会和过去一样，高度重视中美关系，因为这是最大发展中国家和最大发达国家之间的关系，我们愿与奥巴马政府共同去构建新型大国关系。
Like in the past, the new government in China will attach great importance to our relationship with the US , the relationship between the world’s largest developed country and the world’s largest developing country, our government will work with the Obama Administration to work
together to build a new type of major country relationship.
你问到怎么构建，这使我又想起在中央政府工作后，我经常会见美国的政治家，他们和我谈话，很坦率地说，我们是为美国利益而来，我跟他们说，我是为中国利益工作。既然大家都讲利益，那好，利益就有共同点、汇合点。
Now you also asked about how can we build a new type of relationship between China and the US. Since I began to work in central government, I have often met with the US political leaders . They have been very candid with me. They said, we came for advancing American interests. And I said, I work for China’s interests. So that gives us something in common and our interests have convergence.
可以回想一下，30多年前，中美的贸易额不过10亿美元，去年已经达到近5000亿美元。我们会继续推进互利共赢合作。我想未来中美在贸易、投资方面的机会、空间比过去30年会更大，会给两国人民带来实实在在的利益。
Over thirty years ago, trade between China and the US only stood at I billion US dollars. Last year, our two- way trade approached 500 billion US dollars. Going forward, we will continue to pursue mutual benefit and the trade and investment opportunities, and space for pursuing such cooperation will only be bigger than the last thirty-plus years, and this would deliver tangible benefits to people in both countries.
当然，我不否认中美之间有分歧，但只要我们相互尊重对方的重大关切，管控好分歧，就可以使共同利益超越分歧。中美创造的独特的文明、文化也可以互学互鉴，增进两国人民之间的友谊，夯实中美关系的社会基础。
Admittedly, there are some differences between China and the US, but as long as we respect each other’s major concerns and manage our differences, then our interests will be far out way than the differences that we might have. China and the US have their distinctive civilization, cultures. We can learn from each other. And we should deepen our friendship between the people of our two countries so as to build stronger social foundation for good bilateral relations.
至于说到亚太地区，这可以说是中美利益交汇、集结最密切的地区，中美都表示要维护地区的稳定、促进繁荣，我希望言行一致，从亚太地区做起、做好，来构建新型大国关系，这也有利于亚太和世界的和平与发展。
The Asia Pacific region is the one in which the interests of China and the US intersect the most.
Both countries have stated that want to uphold regional stability and promote regional prosperity. We hope that this commitment will be reflected in action. China and the US should some interactions in the Asia Pacific region. And starting from this, we will move to build a new type relationship between major countries. That also be good for peace and development in the Asia pacific region and the world at large.
你说到的黑客攻击问题，这可以说是一个世界性的问题，中国本身就是主要的被黑客攻击的受害者，中方不仅不支持，而且反对黑客攻击行为。刚才你说的话我怎么有有罪推定的感觉啊？我想我们还是少一些没有根据的相互指责，多做一些维护网络安全的实事。谢谢。
You also asked about hacker attacks. This is a worldwide problem. And in fact, China itself is a major target of such attacks. China does not support, indeed, we strongly oppose to such activities. In your question, I sensed the presumption of guilt, I think we should not make groundless accusations against each other and spend more time doing practical things to cyber security. THANK YOU.
中央电视台记者:
总理，您好。您多次提到说改革是中国最大的红利，我最近也注意到在一些主要的网站上，包括中央电视台联合多家网站推出的我有问题问总理的网页上，好多网友都在讨论这句话，也有足够的期待。但是我们知道，现在中国改革已经进入了深水区，社会普遍上说深水区的改革相当困难，可能会触及到一些利益群体，甚至这些利益群体可能会形成对改革的阻力。在这种情况下怎么通过改革来释放红利？对下一步推进改革您有什么样的考虑？或者着力点主要在哪些方面？谢谢。
China central Television and CNTV:
Mr premier, you have often talked about the reform will pay the biggest dividend. Recently, there has been many discussions on the website hosted by CCTV and some other media organizations about people’s questions for the premier. There is a view in our society that reforming China has to navigate uncharted waters and advancing reform will be difficult because we would have to encounter vested interests , and these interests might stand in the way of further reform. Mr premier, how do you intend to unleash the dividend reform and how do you intend to push forward your reform agenda?
李克强：
我之所以说改革是最大的红利，是因为我国社会主义市场经济还在完善过程中，靠改革进一步解放生产力还有巨大的潜力，让改革的红利惠及全体人民还有巨大的空间。改革贵在行动，喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子。我们要坚持市场化的改革方向，如果说到重点的话，那就是围绕我前面讲的三项任务去推进能够牵一发动全身的改革。
I often said that reform pay the largest dividend for China, it is because there is still room for improvement in our socialist market economy , there is great space for further unleashing productivity through reform, and with great potential for making sure that the great benefit of reform will reach the entire population. In advancing reform, the important thing is to take action. Talking and talk is not as good as working and work. We need to pursue market oriented reform, you asked what are the key reforms in our drive, I underlined three priorities of my government, in light of this, we will choose areas full reform that will make an immediate and sustainable impact.
推动经济转型要注意发挥财政、金融、价格改革的杠杆性作用，推动公开、透明、规范、完整的财政预算制度改革，这可以使人民更有效地监督财政收支、优化支出状况，更多向民生倾斜。在金融领域要推进利率、汇率市场化改革，发展多层次资本市场，提高直接融资的比重，而且要保护投资者，尤其是中小投资者的合法权益。我们还要用开放来带动转型，重点是进一步开放服务业。当然，中国的贸易，包括商品的贸易，未来几年都会继续增长，这对世界是一个巨大的机会，对于中国企业也是在公平竞争当中提升企业层级的好机会。
W e will pursue economic transformation .we will make full use of physical, financing another policy instrument, and we will pursue the reform of budget system , make it more open, transparent, standardized and inclusive. We will improve the people’s effectiveness in supervising the government expenditure and revenue , improve the structure of government expenditure and revenues, and tilled the government’s spending in favor of areas that would direct benefit for the people’s lives. In the financial sector, we will pursue market oriented reform of the interests rate and exchange rate , we will develop a multi-tier capital market and raise the share of direct financing. We will also protect the law for right interests of investors, especially small and medium investors. W e will also drive economic transformation through opening-up. The important thing is to further opening up the service sector, of course, looking ahead, our trade, especially trading goods, will continue to grow and even at a high speed in the years ahead. That will create an enormous opportunities for the world, and helping Chinese enterprises upgrade themselves in the course of fair competition.
改善民生离不开收入分配制度的改革。我们应当敢于直面城乡、区域两个最大的差距。特别是直面有八亿多农民和五亿多市民之间的涉及人口最多的城乡差距，采取措施，逐步使其缩小。还要推动社会保障制度的改革，逐步提高统筹的层次，使医疗、养老保险的报销、接续
能够逐渐实现异地进行，这也有利于劳动力的流动。
We will improve people’s well-being, and to do that, we need to reform the income distribution system. We need to confront the two biggest gaps in the society , the gap between urban and rural areas , the gap between different regions. In particular, we need to confront the formal gap as it involves over eight hundred million rural residents and over five hundred million urban residents. We need to take action to gradually narrow this gap. We also need to enhance the reform of the social security system. We need to raise the level of social security at which the social security funds are managed , and in the area of medical and old age insurance, we should also gradually make sure that people can reinforce their expenses , transfer their accounts to the places that they can’t currently reside , this can also contribute to labor mobility in China.
要推动促进社会公正的改革，不断地清理有碍社会公正的规则，而且要使明规则战胜潜规则。同时，推动民营资本顺利有效地进入金融、能源、铁路等领域，还要对社会领域的相关改革进行推进，促进社会的纵向流动。比如说现在高等学校里农村的学生比例偏少，我们要逐步提高比例，让更多勤奋好学的农村孩子感受到希望。
We also need to pursue reform to promote social fairness. We will review and eliminate those regulations that impede social fairness, so that transparent rules will trump hidden rules. AT the same time, we will allow private capital to move smoothly and effectively , enter financing energy another sectors. We will pursue the reform in the social sector so as to upward social mobility. In some universities in China, the share of rural students is quite low, we need to gradually raise that , so as to give those rural students hope.
当然，改革既要突出重点，也要统筹协调。我们要推进各个领域的全面改革，要推动中国特色社会主义事业不断前进。
In pursuing reform, we need to focus on the key areas and ensure overall coordination. We want to pursue comprehensive reform covering all sectors, so as to make us clear to the goal , socialism with Chinese characteristics.
至于你刚才说到改革进入了深水区，也可以说是攻坚期，的确是因为它要触动固有的利益格局。现在触动利益往往比触及灵魂还难。但是，再深的水我们也得趟，因为别无选择，它关乎国家的命运、民族的前途。这需要勇气、智慧、韧性。所幸的是，这些可以从我们的人民当中去汲取，来使改革迈出坚实的步伐。
You said that in pursuing reform , we now have to navigate uncharted waters, we may also
confront some protracted problem, it is because we will have to shake off vested interests, sometimes, steering vested interests may be more difficult than steering the soul. But, however deep the water may be, we will wade into the water, this is because we have no alternative. Reform concerning the destiny of our country and the future of our nation, in pursuing the reform, we need to have the courage, wisdom and tenacity , but we can get this from the people and make solid progress in reform.
台湾《联合报》记者:
谢谢主持人。李总理您好。近年来，两岸关系获得了很大的发展，请问总理您对于未来进一步推动两岸关系和平发展有什么样的规划和愿景？也就是说新形势下两岸关系的机遇和挑战在哪里？谢谢。
Daily news of Taiwan:
In recent years, there has been major strides in cross straits relations. Mr premier, what are your plans and vision for further promoting the peaceful development of cross straits relations in the time ahead? And under the new situation, what will be new opportunities and new challenges confronting cross straits relations?
李克强：
两岸同属一个中国，居住在两岸的是骨肉同胞。“同胞”这个词、这个理念在中华文化当中是根深蒂固的，我认为这也是中华民族五千年生生不息的根源。所谓打断骨头还连着筋，同胞之间、手足之情，没有解不开的结。
The two sides of Taiwan straits belong to the one and same China, the residents between the two sides district are fellow compatriot, the concept of compatriot is a deep-rooted one in Chinese culture and I believe this is the reason that our nation has thrived uninterruptedly for five thousand years. Bones may be broken but not sinews because we are fellow compatriot. Between us, there no “not” that can not be untied.
我们高兴地看到，这些年两岸关系向着和平发展的方向发展，两岸合作的成果在不断扩大。我想，只要坚持一个中国，维护同胞之情，两岸关系发展的空间和潜力巨大。
We are happy to see that in recent years, cross straits relations have enjoyed peaceful development and cross straits cooperation has yielded good fruits. I think, as long as maintain “the one
China” principle in the bond of compatriots between the two sides, then there will be great space and potential for advancing cross straits relations.
我们应该充分地利用当前的机遇，而且使未来的机遇不断地扩大。新一届政府将会履行上届政府所做的承诺，并且要努力寻求合作的新的推动支点。在推动大陆进一步开放和发展当中，会更多地考虑台胞的福祉和利益，我们愿意与台湾共享发展的机遇。
We should make full use of the current development opportunities facing us and work to expand these opportunities going forward, My government will fulfill the commitments made by the last government, and at the same time, we will cut to identify new pillars of cross straits cooperation. In the course of opening-up and development on the mainland, we will give more consideration to the well-being and interests of our Taiwan compatriots, so that the two sides can share win-win opportunities for development.
台湾和台胞在发展当中，可以更多地利用我们大陆发展的机遇。大陆和台湾是我们共同的家园，把它一道维护好、建设好，使其花团锦簇，我想花好总有月圆时。也请你转达我对台湾同胞真诚的问候和祝福。谢谢。
And in the course of their development, Taiwan and Taiwan compatriots should make better use of the development opportunities presented by the mainland. Both the mainland and Taiwan belong to our common homeland, we need to maintain and develop well the common homeland, so that it will be full f flowers. When the flowers are in full bloom, there will be the time for the moon to be full again. Taking this opportunity, I ‘d like you to convey my best regards to our compatriots in Taiwan.
新华社记者：
总理，您好。当前社会上有很多关于城镇化的讨论，也出现了不同的声音。有人认为城镇化是现代化进程自然而然的结果，所以没有必要主动去推进。也有人担心随着城镇化的推进，会有很多农民失去土地，进而形成一个新的阶层，城市贫民阶层。不知道总理怎么看？谢谢。
Xinhua News Agency:
Mr premier, currently, there is much talk about urbanization and some people have expressed different views. Some believe that it is a logical product of modernization, and therefore, the government needn’t push this deliberately. And many people are concerned that this process will deprave many rural residents of their land and create a new class –urban poor. Mr premier, what
is your view on this?
李克强：
这又是一个大问题，我尽量用短时间来回答这个问题。你刚才讲到了社会上对城镇化有许多议论，我大都听到了，也很关注。因为中国的城镇化，其规模之大为人类历史所未有，不仅对中国的发展很重要，而且会影响世界。这些议论、担心，我想都是为使城镇化的路走得更好。
Another big question and I will answer it succinctly. I am aware of most of the talk about urbanization and I take them seriously. The scale of urbanization in China is unprecedented in human history. Urbanization is important to China’s development and it will affect the world. There is some talk about urbanization and some concerns expressed about it . I think, people generally want to make our progress in urbanization.
城镇化是现代化的必然趋势，也是广大农民的普遍愿望，它不仅可以带动巨大的消费和投资需求，创造更多的就业机会，其直接作用还是富裕农民、造福人民。我在农村调研的时候，经常和农民们聊天，他们在谈到对未来生活的愿望时，不少人用一句简洁的话来表达，说是希望过上和城里人一样好的日子。这在过去对农民来说是奢望。现在中国城镇化的大门给农民打开了，农民可以进城从事二三产业，而留在农村的，通过适度规模经营，都可以增收致富。现在每年有一千多万农民转移到城镇，这是必然的趋势。
Urbanization is al logical product of modernization and also the general aspiration of the rural residents in China, urbanization will unleash consumption and investment demand and create many job opportunities, more directly, it will help to enrich farmers and benefit the whole nation. When I visited rural communities, people often talked to the life aspiration for the future, and they put it in very simple language. They say, we hope to lead the same kind of our urban counterparts. In the past, this was just a dream, but urbanization has opened the door for the dream to come true. Some rural residents may wish to migrate to the cities to engage in the secondary or tertiary industries, others might want to stay in their villages and engage in farm with appropriate scale. Either way, they can make more money and become richer. Every year, over ten million rural residents are migrating to the cities. This is an inevitable trend.
我们强调的新型城镇化，是以人为核心的城镇化。现在大约有2.6亿农民工，使他们中有愿望的人逐步融入城市，是一个长期复杂的过程，要有就业支撑，有服务保障。而且城镇化也不能靠摊大饼，还是要大、中、小城市协调发展，东、中、西部地区因地制宜地推进。还要注意防止城市病，不能一边是高楼林立，一边是棚户连片。本届政府下决心要再改造一千万
户以上各类棚户区，这既是解决城市内部的二元结构，也是降低城镇化的门槛。尤为重要的是，新型城镇化必须和农业现代化相辅相成，要保住耕地红线，保障粮食安全，保护农民利益。
We want to pursue a new type of urbanization. The strategy will be put people at the heart of it. Right now there are over 260 million migrant workers in cities . For those of them, that one want to integrate them into urban life, we will gradually make them possible to do so, but this will be a long term and complex process . That requires our support for job creation and provision of services , Urbanization is not about building big and sprawling cities. We need to ensure proper balance between large, medium and small cities , and the eastern, central and western regions of China should pursue organization in light of their local conditions. I t is also very important to prevent the typical layers that might plague in big cities, so that we won’t have a situation where skyscrapers coexist with shanty towns. Within the term of this government, we are determined to redevelop over ten million different types of shantytowns so as to overcome the barrier within the cities and to lower the threshold of urbanization. It is also very important for the new type of urbanization to go hand in hand with agricultural modernization . Therefore , we need to keep the size of farmland above the red line of 100 million hecters, ensure food security and protect farmers’ interests.
城镇化是一个复杂的系统工程，会带来经济和社会深刻的变化，需要各项配套改革去推进。在推进过程中，还会遇到并且必须解决各种问题。据说这次两会期间，关于城镇化的建议和提案已经500多件了，还在统计之中，我们将会认真地一一研究，使城镇化能够积极稳妥地向前推进。谢谢。
Urbanization is a complex and big project. This will trigger profound changes in our economy and society and it need to be supported by integrated reforms in many different areas. We need to overcome various problems that might crop up in the course of urbanization. I know that according to the statistics currently available , there are about 500 suggestions and proposals about urbanization during the NPC and CPPCC sessions. We will review all of them very carefully and pursue urbanization in a steady, active and prudent way.
法国《费加罗报》记者：
Nowadays environmental pollution and food safety has become a very, very serious issue, and we can see these guys in Beijing at this weekend, is it possible for the Chinese government to solve these problems while maintaining the economic development? And will we need to give more space for Chinese people and media to monitor these issues? Thank you.
现在环境污染和食品安全，包括北京的空气质量状况，已经成为严重的问题。我想请问，在中国政府保持经济增长的同时，能否同时解决这些问题？中国的公众和舆论是否可以更多地监督政府在这方面的措施？谢谢。
李克强：
我前面讲，要打造中国经济的升级版，就包括在发展中要让人民呼吸洁净的空气，饮用安全的水，食用放心食品。刚才记者先生讲到，一段时期以来，北京、实际上中国东部比较大范围出现雾霾天气，我和大家一样，心情都很沉重。对这一长期积累形成的问题，我们要下更大的决心，以更大的作为去进行治理。特别是对重点地区，已经查明的人为因素，要限期治理，对于水污染、土地污染的状况，要摸清底数，进行坚决的整治。
I said earlier that we want to fully upgrade our economy, that also includes that in the course of development , we will do our best to make sure that our people can breathe clean air and have safe drinking water and food . You talked about the weather in Beijing, in the recent period, not just Beijing, but extensive part of eastern China have experienced some haze weather, and like everyone of you, I was quite upset about that. This is a problem that have been built up over a long period of time. This government will show even greater resolve and take more vigorous efforts to clean up such pollution. As for the key regions and the man-made factors we have identified , we will set a deadline for these issues to be addressed. As for water and soil pollution, we will need to develop a clear and understanding extension of these problem and take resolute steps to improve the situation.
至于食品安全，那可以说是天大的事，直接关系到人们的生活质量和身体健康。政府应该对假冒伪劣和黑心食品坚决进行查处，并且让不法分子付出昂贵的代价。
Food safety is a matter of utmost importance because it has a direct bearing on people’s quality of life and health. The government would take strong measures to punish the hardest producers with substandard and fake food, so that they will pay a high price.
我还担心的是，粗放的发展方式能不能加快得到转变。我曾经说过，绿水青山贫穷落后不行，但殷实富裕环境恶化也不行。我们需要进一步创新发展理念，推动科学发展。一是不能再欠新账，包括提高环保的门槛；二是加快还旧账，包括淘汰落后产能等。政府应当铁腕执法、铁面问责。
I am also concerned whether we can maintain rapid progress towards shifting inefficient model of
growth. I have said it is no good to be poor in a beautiful environment but it is not any good to be well-off but to live with the consequences of environmental degradation. We need to develop a new thinking on development and pursue development in a scientific way. First, we shouldn’t incur any new problems and raise the threshold of environmental protection. Second, we should speed up the efforts to overcome long-standing problems which includes phasing out backward production, we will face the situation and punish the offenders without mercy, and enforce law with an iron fist.
我们不能以牺牲环境来换取人民并不满意的增长，所以这里很重要的是，不论是污染的状况、食品问题，还是治理和处置的效果，都要公开、透明，让公众、媒体能够充分、有效地加以监督，这也是形成一种倒逼机制，来硬化企业和政府的责任，也可以增强人们自身的防护意识。既然同呼吸、就要共奋斗，大家都尽一把力。政府则是要以更大的决心来让人民放心。谢谢。
We shouldn’t pursue economic growth at the expenses of the environment , such growth won’t satisfy the people, it is very important that the extent of pollution, the real food safety situation and results of our clean-up efforts must be made public so that the people and media organizations can supervise the government’s efforts more fully and more effectively. This will also in a way force enterprises and government to firm up our responsibilities and help the people to take some precautious measures. Since we breathe the same air, we have to work hard together . everyone should pertain and as far as government concerned, we will share great resolve to reassure the people.
中国日报记者：
总理，您好。刚才您谈到了很多改革的目标和举措，我们也一直十分关注中国劳教制度的改革。我们也想知道，中国劳教制度改革有没有一个时间表？谢谢您。
China Daily and its website:
Mr premier, you talked a lot about the goals and steps of reform, we pay close attention to the reform of reeducation through labor system.mr premier, is it a timetable to reform it?
李克强：
请允许我简要地回答你。有关中国劳教制度的改革方案，有关部门正在抓紧研究制定，年内有望出台。谢谢。
Let me answer your question very concisely. The relevant authorities are working very intensively on the plan to reform the reeducation through labor system and the plan might be unveiled before the end of the year.
凤凰卫视记者：
总理您好。刚刚我注意到一个细节，您在回答所有媒体同业问题的时候，您的双手打手势超过了有30几次。这一幕让我印象深刻，想起了11年前，当时采访时任河南省长的您展现出来的自信和睿智。我想问的是，两年前您到访香港，带去了中央政府的大礼包，未来有哪些新的举措？另外，我要特别说的是，我也是安徽省籍的人，但我是一个出生在台湾、工作在香港、在过去十多年来一直穿梭在两岸三地的华文媒体人。我身旁的人万分渴望对您本人有进一步的了解，能不能借这一个机会，谈谈您从政生涯一路走来从最基层到最高层您个人的情怀，谢谢总理。
Phoenix TV of Hongkong:
Mr premier, just now I noticed one detail that each you answered the questions, you have raised your hands over thirty times, which reminds me the meeting I met with you 11 years ago. At that time, you were working in Henan province. During that meeting, I was impressed by your wisdom and confidence. The question is: In 2011, you visited Hongkong and brought along a large gift box from the central government. What new measures will your new government take to support Hongkong’s development ? And myself, my family also descended from Anhui province, I was born in Taiwan and I am working in Hongkong , and over the past decade and more, I have shuttled frequently between mainland, Taiwan and Hongkong. I know the people want to get a fuller understanding of you as a person , you have worked your way up from the lowest level to the highest of government, can you tell about your personal experiences and your personal philosophy?
李克强：
刚才记者先生提醒我，手势多了，引起人们的注意力，就会不太注意听我回答问题的内容了。不过你刚才讲的三地都是容易引起我情感的问题。
Thank you for the polite remind that I raised my hands frequently , people might focus my body movement, not what I say. But you asked the questions about three places. These can arise emotion within me.
我记得前年到香港访问，宣布中央政府支持香港繁荣，推动两地深化合作的一系列政策，你把它比喻为“大礼包”倒是很形象。不过这个“大礼包”的干货要一个一个地打开，才能用好、用足，还需要两地共同努力。现在已经取得了一些效果，中央政府会尽力去推进。
In 2011, I made a trip to HOngkong. During that trip, I answered the central government’s policies for supporting Hongkong’s prosperity, and deepening the cooperation between the mainland and Hongkong. You described the policies as a large gift box, I think it’s a pretty good analogy. But to open the gift box, and to take out the solid gift , we need to work together between the mainland and Hongkong. Actually, some of these policies ahs paid off and the central government continue to do its best to advance our work.
我访港的时候，深感“一国两制”下的香港充满活力，香港同胞勤劳、智慧，香港社会包容、开放、充满活力，内地和香港合作空间还很大。凡是有利于港澳同胞福祉增加、内地和港澳合作深化、维护港澳长期繁荣的事，中央政府都会尽心尽力地去做。
During the trip in 2011, I was deeply impressed by the fact that Hongkong was brimming with vitality under “One country. Two systems”, our compatriots in Hongkong are hard-working and smart. The Hongkong society is open ,inclusive and vibrant. and with great space for deepening the cooperation between the mainland and Hongkong, the central government will do its level best to advance those initiatives that will enhance our well-being in Hongkong and Macao . that will contribute to the long term stability and prosperity in Hongkong and Macao.
你问到个人经历，也讲到安徽。我曾经是安徽凤阳的插队知青，很难忘那一段和乡亲们度过的艰难岁月。那里当时是中国农村出了名的穷地方，也是后来中国农村承包制改革的发源地。我还记得1977年高考后，我是在田头锄地时得到高考录取通知消息的。
You asked about my personal experiences and mentioned Anhui in your question, I was once a center-town youth in Fengyang county in Anhui province. I won’t forget the hard times I have spent with the local persons. Fengyang was known to its extreme poverty across the country and it’s also a place where the rural household responsibility reform system originated. I still remember in 1977, when I was working in the fields, I learned of the news that I was enrolled by university.
正是改革开放改变了我们国家的命运，使亿万农民脱贫，也使许许多多的人出现了重大的人生转折。现在改革的重任落到了我们这一代肩上，我想我们要尽力使改革的红利惠及全体人民，使老年人安度晚年、年轻人充满希望，使我们的国家生机勃勃。