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汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文(全)china international automobile manufacturing and production

汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文(全)china international automobile manufacturing and production
汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文(全)china international automobile manufacturing and production

2010China International Automobile Manufacturing and Producing Facility Exposition

Preparation time: October 26-28, 2010

Book booth Area: China International Exhibition Center (Old Hall)

Theme: Gathering of Finest Facilities Origin of High-quality Automobiles

Total Exhibition Area: 27,000m2

Number of exhibitors: 600 exhibitors come from 30 countries and regions Number of audiences: 12,000 audiences from 60 countries and regions

Exhibits Profile:

Automotive Manufacturing: metal cutting, stamping casting and forging, welding and cutting,coating technologies and painting, assembly, monitoring and inspection, testing and experiments, automation and drives, logistics and supply chain, information technology, design and development, materials, heat treatment, new products.

Parts Machining: Automotive parts and components processing of metal cutting, grinding, milling, drilling, machine tool equipment; stamping, forging, bending technology and equipment; automotive interior parts cutting, cutting, polyurethane foam technology and equipment; engine manufacturing plane equipment, measuring equipment; gear machining and bearing special equipment, laser cutting, marking technology and equipment, numerical control cutting tool, coating technology, metal processing oil.

New energy, environmental protection, energy-saving technology equipment and products of automobiles;

Schedule:

Preparation time: October 24-25, 2010

Opening ceremony: 10:00 AM October 26, 2010

Opening time: October 26-28, 2010

Move-out time: 16:00 PM October 28, 2010

Cost of Exhibition:(Pairs of opening booths, plus 10%)

Section A: Standard booth ¥16800/9 m2

Section B:Standard booth ¥13800/ 9 m2

Section C: Standard booth ¥9800/ 9 m2

Indoor Ground(36m2 on hair):¥1280/ m2

Same time activities: symposia, face-face trade fair,purchase introduction and products introduction.

Sponsoring Units:China Council for the Promotion of Intermational Trade Authorization Unit:China International Economic and Technical Cooperation Consultants Inc

Organization Unit:China International Economic and Technical Cooperation Consultants Inc

Undertaken Unit:China International Economic and Technical Cooperation Consultants Inc

Dongdu International Exhibition (Beijing) Co., Ltd

Support Unit:China Automotive Industry Association

China Society of Automotive Engineering

Official media:Automobile Manufacturing and Production Facility Exposition Exposition on-line:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f510522930.html,

Exhibition contact:

Room 1002,Floor 10,Nan Li Shi Lu 66, Xicheng District, Beijing, Postal Code100045 Telephone number:

Tex number:

Contact person:

E-mail:

Report after China International Automobile Manufacturing and Producing Facility Exposition

Overview of CIAMPFE:

2009 China (Beijing) International Automobile Manufacturing and Producing Facility Exposition (CIAMPFE) has succeed in China(Beijing)International Exhibition Center from November the11th to13th. It received a positive response from the community and broad participation.China Automotive Industry Association and China Society of Automotive Engineering authoritative organizations expressed its support. The United States, Japan, Germany,

Britain, South Korea, India, Belgium, Poland, Turkey and other countries embassy officials gave a high degree of attention and support, and they will continue to participate in next year's exposition.

Scale of CIAMPFE:

Influenced by the financial crisis, the first CIAMPFE covers a floor space of about 22000 square meters as planned, but the actual area is 14600 square meters . More than 268 exhibitors, including 39 enterprises are special equipment booth, which cover 6182 square meters, accounting for about 42.34% of the total area of the exhibition area.

At the same time,three-days symposia, face-face trade fair,purchase introduction and products introduction meeting were held. It makes exhibitors and visitors got better communication and cooperation.

Audiences of CIAMPFE:

More than thirty companies were invited to visit: Germany's BMW, Beijing Benz - Daimler-Chrysler, Beijing Automotive Holdings, Beijing Hyundai, Beijing Foton, SAIC, Changchun FAW, Guangzhou Automobile Group, BYD Auto of Shenzhen, Yunnan Hongta, Chery of Anhui, Hebei Great Wall Motor, Tianjin Xiali, Zhejiang Geely Group, Hafei Motor, Zhengzhou Yutong, youth Automotive Group, Dongan Auto, Auman heavy-duty vehicles, Beijing Automotive Research Institute, the China Auto Parts Industry Company,No.1 Group of China Aviation Industry Corporation, China North Vehicle Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry, No.1 Group of China Tractor , South Korea Incheon, South Korea Ching Industrial Co., Ltd., Bosch, Denso Corporation, Delphi Corporation, Magna Group, Beijing Automotive Li Er, Dongfeng auto parts, Wuhu Lingyun Industrial, Central power, the United States and Germany auto parts and so on. In addition to the media and some exhibition counterparts, above 98% are professional visitors.

Fen Xuehong, Purchasing Manager of BMW Automobile Co., LTD. said, "for the high-quality exhibitors, organizer's invitation is very professional.Such scale of automobile manufacturing industry chain is the first case in the international exhibition. Particularly it has brought new technologies and products for the automobile manufacturing technology and equipment, etc."

Mao Dehe, Vice-president of Shenzhen BYD Auto Co., Ltd. Said, "all aspects of the exposition is good. After 3-day visit, I saw the advanced technology and equipment on international and domestic automobile manufacturing field , and the rapid development of domestic automobile manufacturing equipment and technology. On behalf of the industry's highest grade, there are international leading-edge technology and products on the exposition, it gives us China's own brand carmaker

a great harvest."

Exhibitors' Experience:

David Wang, the Sales Manager of IPG (Beijing) Fiber Laser Technology Co., Ltd. affirmed the professionalism of the exhibition, and said he will participate the next exposition, and had been booking an exhibition booth .

Hao Gepp Ruite, director of Germany Wolf Group Asia District, accept CCTV network reporters said, "Although the exposition affected by the weather, exhibitors and spectators are not too much. The automobile industry for the ordinary people are not closely related, but the industry still come to visit. To enhance the Wolf Group's reputation in the industry, and we will continue to participate in next year's exposition. "

Wu Wenzhi, executive director of South Korea's POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

received a number of media interview and said “CIAMPFE will expand Chinese market as an

opportunity.”

Li Lei, Sales Manager of Beijing High-tech Electrical and Mechanical Co., Ltd. accept CCTV interview, said: "The purpose of attending the exhibition is promoting products and expanding market share. CIAMPFE has clear conception and very professional. We believe that the organizer has applied good service. I hope the exposition will enlarge the scale and we can participate in next year's exhibition.

China Daheng (Group) Co., Ltd.with a low-key appearance standard booths, but still attracted a lot of professional audience. The General Manager Jiang Zhengmin of Laser Engineering Branch contended frankly: Although the scale is not large, there is still a good harvest.

Achievement of CIAMPFE:

On-site turnover:¥61.78 million

Audiences number:7712

Contract value:¥185,000,000

Professional of the exhibitors:100%

Professional of the audiences:98.68%

Media index:0.42%

2010年中国国际汽车制造及生产设备展览会

准备时间:10月26-28,2010

预订展位面积:中国国际展览中心(老馆)

主题:最好的设施收集原产地高品质的汽车

总展览面积:27,000平方米

参展商数量:来自30个国家和地区600家参展商

观众人数:12000来自60个国家和地区的观众

展品范围:

汽车制造:金属切削,冲压铸件和锻造,焊接和切割,涂装技术和涂装,总装,监督和检查,测试和实验,自动化和驱动器,物流及供应链,信息技术,设计和开发,材料,热处理,新产品。

零件加工:汽车零部件的金属切削加工,磨,铣,钻机床设备,冲压,锻造,弯曲技术和设备,汽车内饰件切割,切割,聚氨酯发泡技术和设备;发动机制造飞机设备,测量设备,齿轮加工,轴承专用设备,激光切割,打标技术和设备,数控刀具,涂层技术,金属加工油。

新能源,环保,节能技术设备和汽车产品;

附表:

准备时间:10月24-25日,2010年

开幕式:上午10时00分2010年10月26日

开放时间:10月26-28,2010

撤展时间:下午16:00 2010年10月28日

展览费用:(双开放展位加收10%)

A组:标准展位¥九分之一万六千八百平方米

B节:标准展位¥9分之13800 平方米

C节:标准展位¥9分之9800 平方米

室内地面(36米2发):¥1280 /米2

同时活动:举办研讨会,进行面对面的贸易博览会,引进和购买产品的推出。

主办单位:中国的中期国际贸易促进委员会

授权单位:中国国际经济技术合作咨询公司

组织单位:中国国际经济技术合作咨询公司

承办单位:中国国际经济技术合作咨询公司

东都国际展览(北京)有限公司

支持单位:中国汽车工业协会

中国汽车工程学会

官方媒体:汽车制造及生产设备展览会

博览会在线:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f510522930.html,

展览联系:

1002室,10层,李楠施路66号,北京市西城区,邮政Code100045

电话号码:

特克斯号码:

联系人:

电子邮箱:

报告后,中国国际汽车制造及生产设备展览会

概述CIAMPFE:

2009中国(北京)国际汽车制造及生产设备展览会(CIAMPFE)已成功在中国(北京)国际展览中心11月the11th to13th。它得到了社会的广泛participation.China汽车工业协会和中国汽车工程学会权威机构的积极响应表示支持。美国,日本,德国,英国,韩国,印度,比利时,波兰,土耳其和其他国家驻华使馆官员给予了高度重视和支持程度,他们将继续参加明年的博览会。

规模CIAMPFE:

受金融危机的影响,第一CIAMPFE包括按计划约二点二万平方米面积,但实际面积一点四六零万平方米。268多名参展商,包括39个企业的专用设备展位,涵盖6182平方米,约占42.34对占总面积%展览面积。

同时,3天研讨会,面对面的贸易博览会,引进和购买的产品推介会举行。它使参展商和参观者得到更好的沟通与合作。

观众的CIAMPFE:

超过30家公司应邀访问:德国的宝马,北京奔驰-戴姆勒克莱斯勒,北京汽车工业控股,北京现代,北汽福田,上汽集团,长春一汽,广州汽车集团,比亚迪,深圳,云南红塔,安徽奇瑞汽车,河北长城汽车,天津夏利,浙江吉利集团,哈飞汽车,郑州宇通,青年汽车集团,东安汽车,欧曼重型汽车,北京汽车研究所,中国汽车零部件工业公司,是中国第一航空集团工业总

公司,中国北方车辆研究所,中国船舶重工集团公司,是中国第一拖拉机,韩国仁川,韩国正实业有限公司,博世集团,电装公司,德尔福公司,麦格纳集团,北京汽车栗而东风汽车配件,芜湖凌云工业,中央权力,美国和德国汽车零部件等。除了媒体和一些展览同行98%以上,是专业观众。

芬学红,购买宝马汽车有限公司总经理。说,高品质的参展商,主办单位的邀请是非常professional.Such汽车制造产业链的规模“,是国际展览第一宗案件。特别是它带来了新的技术和产品为汽车制造技术和设备等“

茅得和副深圳比亚迪汽车有限公司表示:“博览会的各方面的总裁是好的。经过3天的访问,我看到了先进的技术和设备上的国际和国内汽车制造领域,并迅速发展国内汽车生产设备和技术在业界最高级别的代表。,有国际领先的技术和产品的博览会,它给了我们中国自己的品牌汽车制造商一个伟大的收获。“

展商经验:

王德威,对IPG集团销售经理(北京)光纤激光技术有限公司。肯定了展览的专业性,并表示他将参加未来的论述,并已预定了展位。

郝格普瑞特,德国的沃尔夫集团亚洲区董事,接受中央电视台网络记者说:“虽然受天气博览会,参展商和观众不会太多的影响。对于普通百姓汽车行业的关系并不密切,但行业但前来参观。为提高沃尔夫集团在业界的声誉,我们将继续参加明年的博览会。“

兀温氏,韩国浦项特殊钢有限公司执行董事,公司收到了一些媒体的采访,并表示“将CIAMPFE为契机,扩大中国市场。“

李磊销售高级经理,北京高科技机电有限公司接受中央电视台采访时说:“参加展览的目的是宣传产品,扩大市场份额。CIAMPFE有明确的概念和非常专业。我们相信,主办者已应用良好的服务。我希望举办世博会扩大规模,我们可以参加明年的展览。

中国大恒(集团)有限公司以低调的外观标准展位,但仍然吸引了不少专业观众。总经理姜正民激光工程处辩称坦言:虽然规模不大,但仍是一个好的收成。

成就CIAMPFE:

现场营业额:¥61780000

观众人数:7712

合约价值:¥1.85亿

专业的参展商:100%

专业观众:98.68%

媒体指数:0.42%

英语原文:

Number of audiences: 12,000 audiences from 60 countries and regions

提供更好的翻译建议

汽车专业英语翻译综合

第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备,常见的类型是内燃机,其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升,产生的能量驱动轴旋转,并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器(对应机械变速器)或液力变矩器(对应液力自动变速器)、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上,连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接,使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体,这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气:气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸,排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机,从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中,一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处: 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题: JDBC接口技术 译文: JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI(ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口)。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口,使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC,很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢?如果有,那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢? ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统(DBMS)中存取数据的,用C语言实现的,标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI,应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统(DBMS)中的数据,而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1.ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分:应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口:屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别,为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器:为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器:实现ODBC的函数调用,提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要,数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求,使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源:由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器,以便ODBC函数调用,但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用,并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时,数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时,数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求,对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译,并将结果返回给应用系统。 2.JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来,Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序,其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API,编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥,比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱,越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加,对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处,比如它并不容易使用,没有面向对象的特性等等,SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1.x 版本中,JDBC只是一个可选部件,到了JDK1.1公布时,SQL类包(也就是JDBCAPI)

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金,洪城铱昌,宰瑾李, 刘链柱译 摘要:旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率,压降,并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50%的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积,体直径,减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法,用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词:吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子,工作场所,或其他建筑,因此,室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物,毒物,食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤,预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中,吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间,以及纸过滤器也应定期更换,由于压力下降,气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形,在粗颗粒(>2.0微米)模式为主要的外部来源,如风吹尘,海盐喷雾,火山,从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放,以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式,典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克,可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

汽车专业毕业设计外文翻译

On the vehicle sideslip angle estimation through neural networks: Numerical and experimental results. S. Melzi,E. Sabbioni Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 25 (2011):14~28 电脑估计车辆侧滑角的数值和实验结果 S.梅尔兹,E.赛博毕宁 机械系统和信号处理2011年第25期:14~28

摘要 将稳定控制系统应用于差动制动内/外轮胎是现在对客车车辆的标准(电子稳定系统ESP、直接偏航力矩控制DYC)。这些系统假设将两个偏航率(通常是衡量板)和侧滑角作为控制变量。不幸的是后者的具体数值只有通过非常昂贵却不适合用于普通车辆的设备才可以实现直接被测量,因此只能估计其数值。几个州的观察家最终将适应参数的参考车辆模型作为开发的目的。然而侧滑角的估计还是一个悬而未决的问题。为了避免有关参考模型参数识别/适应的问题,本文提出了分层神经网络方法估算侧滑角。横向加速度、偏航角速率、速度和引导角,都可以作为普通传感器的输入值。人脑中的神经网络的设计和定义的策略构成训练集通过数值模拟与七分布式光纤传感器的车辆模型都已经获得了。在各种路面上神经网络性能和稳定已经通过处理实验数据获得和相应的车辆和提到几个处理演习(一步引导、电源、双车道变化等)得以证实。结果通常显示估计和测量的侧滑角之间有良好的一致性。 1 介绍 稳定控制系统可以防止车辆的旋转和漂移。实际上,在轮胎和道路之间的物理极限的附着力下驾驶汽车是一个极其困难的任务。通常大部分司机不能处理这种情况和失去控制的车辆。最近,为了提高车辆安全,稳定控制系统(ESP[1,2]; DYC[3,4])介绍了通过将差动制动/驱动扭矩应用到内/外轮胎来试图控制偏航力矩的方法。 横摆力矩控制系统(DYC)是基于偏航角速率反馈进行控制的。在这种情况下,控制系统使车辆处于由司机转向输入和车辆速度控制的期望的偏航率[3,4]。然而为了确保稳定,防止特别是在低摩擦路面上的车辆侧滑角变得太大是必要的[1,2]。事实上由于非线性回旋力和轮胎滑移角之间的关系,转向角的变化几乎不改变偏航力矩。因此两个偏航率和侧滑角的实现需要一个有效的稳定控制系统[1,2]。不幸的是,能直接测量的侧滑角只能用特殊设备(光学传感器或GPS惯性传感器的组合),现在这种设备非常昂贵,不适合在普通汽车上实现。因此, 必须在实时测量的基础上进行侧滑角估计,具体是测量横向/纵向加速度、角速度、引导角度和车轮角速度来估计车辆速度。 在主要是基于状态观测器/卡尔曼滤波器(5、6)的文学资料里, 提出了几个侧滑角估计策略。因为国家观察员都基于一个参考车辆模型,他们只有准确已知模型参数的情况下,才可以提供一个令人满意的估计。根据这种观点,轮胎特性尤其关键取决于附着条件、温度、磨损等特点。 轮胎转弯刚度的提出就是为了克服这些困难,适应观察员能够提供一个同步估计的侧滑角和附着条件[7,8]。这种方法的弊端是一个更复杂的布局的估计量导致需要很高的计算工作量。 另一种方法可由代表神经网络由于其承受能力模型非线性系统,这样不需要一个参

汽车专业英语翻译

About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中,汽车发动机是最复杂的组件,其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上,按动力来源分发动机有很多种,如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样,内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧,通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的(往复)直线运动。然而这种(往复)直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接,这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐,从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承,称之为连杆轴承,类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体,称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统:水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体,称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套,节温器,水泵,散热器,散热器罩,风扇,风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off

毕业设计英文翻译

使用高级分析法的钢框架创新设计 1.导言 在美国,钢结构设计方法包括允许应力设计法(ASD),塑性设计法(PD)和荷载阻力系数设计法(LRFD)。在允许应力设计中,应力计算基于一阶弹性分析,而几何非线性影响则隐含在细部设计方程中。在塑性设计中,结构分析中使用的是一阶塑性铰分析。塑性设计使整个结构体系的弹性力重新分配。尽管几何非线性和逐步高产效应并不在塑性设计之中,但它们近似细部设计方程。在荷载和阻力系数设计中,含放大系数的一阶弹性分析或单纯的二阶弹性分析被用于几何非线性分析,而梁柱的极限强度隐藏在互动设计方程。所有三个设计方法需要独立进行检查,包括系数K计算。在下面,对荷载抗力系数设计法的特点进行了简要介绍。 结构系统内的内力及稳定性和它的构件是相关的,但目前美国钢结构协会(AISC)的荷载抗力系数规范把这种分开来处理的。在目前的实际应用中,结构体系和它构件的相互影响反映在有效长度这一因素上。这一点在社会科学研究技术备忘录第五录摘录中有描述。 尽管结构最大内力和构件最大内力是相互依存的(但不一定共存),应当承认,严格考虑这种相互依存关系,很多结构是不实际的。与此同时,众所周知当遇到复杂框架设计中试图在柱设计时自动弥补整个结构的不稳定(例如通过调整柱的有效长度)是很困难的。因此,社会科学研究委员会建议在实际设计中,这两方面应单独考虑单独构件的稳定性和结构的基础及结构整体稳定性。图28.1就是这种方法的间接分析和设计方法。

在目前的美国钢结构协会荷载抗力系数规范中,分析结构体系的方法是一阶弹性分析或二阶弹性分析。在使用一阶弹性分析时,考虑到二阶效果,一阶力矩都是由B1,B2系数放大。在规范中,所有细部都是从结构体系中独立出来,他们通过细部内力曲线和规范给出的那些隐含二阶效应,非弹性,残余应力和挠度的相互作用设计的。理论解答和实验性数据的拟合曲线得到了柱曲线和梁曲线,同时Kanchanalai发现的所谓“精确”塑性区解决方案的拟合曲线确定了梁柱相互作用方程。 为了证明单个细部内力对整个结构体系的影响,使用了有效长度系数,如图28.2所示。有效长度方法为框架结构提供了一个良好的设计。然而,有效长度方法的

汽车制动系统-毕业设计外文资料翻译

Automobile Brake System The braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat).When stepping on the brakes, the driver commands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes. Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake. The service brake acts to slow, stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are foot-operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. The primary purpose of the parking brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set. The brake system is composed of the following basic c omponents: the “master cylinder” which is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts driver foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses” connect the master cylinder to the cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid, specially designed to work in extreme conditions, fills the system. “Shoes” and “pads” are pushed by cylinders to contact the “drums” and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully) slows the car. The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder (Figure).

土木工程毕业设计中英文翻译

附录:中英文翻译 英文部分: LOADS Loads that act on structures are usually classified as dead loads or live loads are fixed in location and constant in magnitude throughout the life of the the self-weight of a structure is the most important part of the structure and the unit weight of the density varies from about 90 to 120 pcf (14 to 19 KN/m)for lightweight concrete,and is about 145 pcf (23 KN/m)for normal calculating the dead load of structural concrete,usually a 5 pcf (1 KN/m)increment is included with the weight of the concrete to account for the presence of the reinforcement. Live loads are loads such as occupancy,snow,wind,or traffic loads,or seismic may be either fully or partially in place,or not present at may also change in location. Althought it is the responsibility of the engineer to calculate dead loads,live loads are usually specified by local,regional,or national codes and sources are the publications of the American National Standards Institute,the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and,for wind loads,the recommendations of the ASCE Task Committee on Wind Forces. Specified live the loads usually include some allowance for overload,and may include measures such as posting of maximum loads will not be is oftern important to distinguish between the

汽车专业英语_单词表

unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive(or propeller)shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3

毕业设计外文翻译

毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译 题目西安市水源工程中的 水电站设计 专业水利水电工程 班级 学生 指导教师 2016年

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汽车制动系统(机械、车辆工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译)

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