2010年高考英语安徽卷 任务型读写分析

2010年高考英语安徽卷任务型读写分析

中国中小学英语教育研究中心汾兴

一、任务型读写题型的特点及考查目的

任务型读写题型旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力，具体来讲是指捕捉信息的能力、组织信息的能力以及综合概括信息的能力。该题型分为两个部分：文章阅读和表格填空。要求考生根据所读短文，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合，而后准确、有序地完成表格。阅读文章的长度根据《考试大纲》的要求规定为400字左右，表格项目基本是根据文章的篇章结构和作者的写作思路设计的。

从《考试说明》中的范例和近两年的高考试题可以看出，表格与文章内容有着内在的对应关系，但不是简单的坐标式对应关系的表格，而是一个复杂的综合型表格。它由两部分构成：表头和表格，表格内容一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节，结论等部分。任务型读写侧重考查三类题型：

1．直接信息题。属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章一边就能从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息。

2．组织信息题。属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词。

3．综合信息题。此类试题主要包括对文章的中心思想或段落大意进行概括。

二、任务型读写的解题步骤

1. 略读全文，通晓大意

首先把文章通读一遍，了解文章的基本信息、作者的写作态度与文章基调，理清文脉结构。

2. 扫读图表，明确要求

快速阅读文章之后，阅读表格内容，注意表格前的小标题（包括行标题和列标题），判断空格设计的纵向、横向的类别等等。

3. 细读文章，推敲答案

分析表格结构和内容后，要带着问题读文章，有意识地留意文章的细节描述和关键词。对于直接信息，要大胆填入；对于间接信息，要标记相关的短语、句子等信息点，然后进行归纳。

4. 全面衡量，确定答案

在了解表格的结构并联系上下文已有内容的暗示的基础上，认真理解表内已给的主体框架及各个部分的中心语或概括语的表述，从而最终确定正确答案。

下面以2010年高考英语（安徽卷）任务型读写题为例，进行简要分析。

原题：

When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.

The first step is cooperating（合作）. How does a difficult person know that you’ re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.

When the person begins to repeat what’s been said, it’s signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you’re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.

Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask some

open-ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.

The fourth step is to summarize（概括）what you’ve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this, two things happen. First, if you’ve missed something, he can fill in the details（细节）. Second, you’ve shown that you’re making an effort to understand completely. This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him.

Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.

When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.

.

解析：

1. 扫读图表

通过对表格的研究，我们可以预测文章的主题是“listen”。

2. 略读全文

快速略读全文后，可知文章的中心内容是关于成为一名好的聆听者的5点建议。

3. 细读文章

细读全文，在读文章的过程中留意与题目有关的信息点。通过细读全文，可知文章所要表达的中心思想是：表达有困难的人都希望自己在说话时被聆听者听到并被理解。要成为一名好的聆听者，必须遵守五条规则。

第一是合作。在聆听表达有困难的人表达时，你需要点头或者发出一些声音以表示理解了其表达的意思。

第二是重复。当说话者重复说某个词时，你也应该重复他所说的内容或者给他一个明确的信号以证明你在仔细听并且你认为他所说的是很重要的。

第三是阐明。你从他所说的内容中收集信息并且提出一些开放式的问题，从而确定他的表达目的。

第四是概括。概括你所听到的内容，以确保你所听到的内容和他所表达的内容的一致性。

第五是确认。确认他所表达的内容你已经全部接受。

在这样真诚的听、问、记之后，理解也就达成了。并且对于表达有困难的人，也就变得更加被人容易理解、更加易与他人合作了。

4. 确定答案

弄清文章所表达的意思后，带着问题找到文章的对应点，分析、归纳整理信息，确定正确答案。

76. 【答案】Listen / Listening

【解析】这篇文章的主旨是为聆听者如何理解口头表达有困难的人提出建议。因此，文章的中心词是listen，其目的是为了understand。

77．【答案】understood

【解析】原文中的词汇。由文章第一句中的“they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood.”可知。

78．【答案】Suggestions / Tips/Advice

【解析】本文的重点是如何理解表达有困难的人，表格的右侧就是作者提出的五点建议。

79．【答案】Nod

【解析】由第二段最后一句中的“You do this by nodding your head in agreement”可知。此题属于词型转换题。

80．【答案】words

【解析】此题属于释义题，根据第三段第一句中的“what’s been said”可知。

81．【答案】intention

【解析】由第四段中的“gather information”和“figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy”可知。

82．【答案】summary

【解析】此题属词型转换题。根据第五段的第一句“The fourth step is to summarize what you’ve heard.”可知。summary 是动词summarize相对应的名词。

83．【答案】satisfaction

【解析】由倒数第二段中“he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced”可推断出目的达到了，感到满意。

84．【答案】easier

【解析】由最后一段中的“less difficult”转换而来。

85．【答案】hearts / minds

【解析】由最后一段“understanding is usually achieved”推断，因为相互理解了，所以“心”门打开了。

三、任务型读写的解题技巧

在掌握了科学的解题步骤之后，掌握一些实用的解题技巧对获得高分是很有帮助的。

1. 捕捉信息的技巧

1）确定文章与表格之间的对应关系。先略读短文，然后速览表格，借助文章的脉络并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。

2）确定文章中相应的句子。在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。需要注意的是，有时表格中的语境悄悄发生了变化，有的是在原文句子的基础上“多一词”，有的是“少一词”，还有的是“换一词”，考生如果稍不留神就会犯错。

2. 变通信息的技巧

有许多答案是不能直接在文章中找到原句或原词的，这就需要对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语和句型有关。

1）间接法。基于原文某个词语的语法变形，如主动与被动，谓语动词与非谓语动词，动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式，动词与名词，名词与形容词，形容词、副词的比较级与最高级，名词单复数等。

2）意译法。即对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的前提下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求考生吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。

总之，任务型读写不仅要求学生有良好的阅读理解能力，还要求学生对词汇语法有全面的掌握。因此，要在这道题型上拿到高分必须要有扎实的基本功，并且能够灵活运用解题技巧。

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4 The passage tells us that… 第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由? 开头用语: ? I do agree with the author… ? In some way, I agree with …, but… ? This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.? It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …? From my personal angle alone… ? In my opinion,… ? From my personal point of view… ? As far as I’m concerned… 第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语: ? In conclusion,… ? In short,… ? To make a long story short,… ? In general,… ? In a word,… ? In belief,… ? On the whole,…

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2010年高考英语全国卷二 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f510866342.html,/yyzb/wjxz/2010/06/2010-06-1120293.html 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷二） 英语 第一卷（选择题） 第一部分英语知识运用 第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. come A. cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve 2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health 3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put 4. ours A. outside B. cousins C. nervous D. clocks 5. thirty A. theatre B. thus C. although D. feather 第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 6. --Is it all right if I keep this photo? --______. A. No, you don't B. No, it shouldn't C. I'm afraid not D. Don't keep it 7. Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird. A. when B. if C. and D. till 8. My mother opened the drawer to the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 10.--Have you finished the book? --No, I've read up to the children discover the secret cave.

三篇很好的读写任务和基础写作练习

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2010年全国高考英语试题及答案-全国2贵州卷

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国二卷） 英语 第一卷（选择题） 第一部分英语知识运用 第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1．Come A.cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve 2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health 3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put 4. ours A. outside B. cousing C. nervous D. clocks 5. thirty A. theatre B. thus C. although D. feather 第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 6.—Is it all right if I keep this photo？ --_______. A. No，you don’t B. No,it shouldn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Don’t keep it 7.Tom was about to close the windows_____his attention was caught by a bird. A. when B. if C. and D. till 8.my mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worm D. have worm 10—have you finished the book？

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