高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词3

高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词

基本知识：

定义：具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。

形式：动名词→相当于名词

不定式→相当于名词、形容词、副词

分词→相当于形容词、副词

应该注意的地方：

1.非谓语动词的否定：not 放在非谓语动词前

2.非谓语动词的时态：一般时→表示一般性的动作

进行时→表示正在发生的动作

完成时→表示的动作发生在谓语动词前

动名词的时态：doing / having done

不定式的时态：to do / to be doing / to have done

现在分词的时态：doing / having done

3.非谓语动词的语态：主动

被动

动名词：being done / having been done

不定式：to be done / to have been done

现在分词：being done / having been done

★过去分词只有一种形式. 本身表示完成和被动。

（1）非谓语动词作主语：

Eg: Playing fire is very dangerous. →It is very dangerous to play fire.

To give you a hand is my pleasure. →It is my pleasure to give you a hand. it 可以作形式主语

（2）非谓语动词作表语：

Eg: My job is teaching English.

He is teaching English.

My purpose is to give you a big surprise.

The house is burnt down.

Teaching English is my job.

（3）非谓语动词作宾语：

Eg: I want to become a doctor.

He enjoyed living in the countryside.

★只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语：

mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit, advise, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay, imagine, quit, resist,risk, stand, bear …

be used to, look forward to, stick to, lead to，object to, pay attention to, see to, set about，get down to, feel like, be devoted to…

★只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：

refuse, demand, hope, agree

（4）非谓语动词作定语：

Eg：the waiting room/ the waiting car

the students attending the meeting

the people invited to the party

the last one to arrive

the letter to be posted

the posted letter

动名词表示所修饰名词的功能和用途

现在分词和所修饰名词之间是主动关系

过去分词和所修饰名词之间是被动关系，表动作完成

不定式表示一个尚未发生的动作

（5）非谓语动词作补语：

Eg: I want you to help me.

He rushed away, leaving me standing here shocked.

I tried to make myself understood.

With so much work to do, I dear not waste any minute.

不定式表示尚未发生的动作

现在分词表示和宾语之间是主动关系

过去分词表示和宾语之间是被动关系

（6）非谓语动词作状语：

Eg: I got up early to catch the bus.

Living in the village, he enjoyed the fresh air.

Praised by the teacher, he was proud of his progress made in study. 不定式表示目的或者是出乎意料的结果

现在分词表示和句子的主语之间是主动关系

过去分词表示和句子的主语之间是被动关系

分词作状语，可以表示原因，伴随，方式等等

（7）动名词的复合结构：

Eg: Do you mind my/me opening the door?

Can you imagine his/him becoming a star?

The mistake led to our/us ending up in failure.

★动名词的复合结构，表示的是动名词动作的发出者即：它的逻辑主语。动名词作宾语时，可以用宾格/所有格，但是作主语时只能用所有格。

（8）不定式的复合结构：

Eg: It is important for us to study English.

It is stupid of you to make such a mistake. →You are stupid to make such a mistake

★不定式的复合结构，表示不定式动作的逻辑主语。

（9）不定式的主动形式表示被动的含义：

1.sb. have sth. to do （vi. + 介词）

Eg: I have some questions to ask.

I have no friend to talk with.

I am going shopping. Do you have anything to be bought (buy)?

用被动，表示不定式动作由别人来干。

2. Eg: There are enough chairs for guests to sit in.

I need a pen to write with.

I need paper to write on.

3. … be + adj. + to do (Vi. +介词）

Eg: The river is dangerous to swim in.

This man is easy to get along with.

The house is very comfortable to live in.

English is hard to learn well.

4.with 的复合结构中，用不定式表示尚未发生的动作时

Eg: With so much work to do, he didn’t want to spend his holiday abroad. With vegetable to buy, he went to the market in a hurry.

5. be worth doing

6.分词的被动形式表示主动的含义：seated/ dressed/ hidden/ prepared

（10）独立主格结构：

所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。

Eg: Today __being___( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open.

There _being___( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.

All money __having been spent___ (spend), we had to go home on foot. The project is finishing, only one building __being built___ (build). Eg: They discovered many gold coins in the tomb, most of which over 200 years. them/were

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