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初中动词的分类及用法

Gramar focus: verb

一．概述

表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：

注：英语行为动词也可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词是必须带宾语的动词。可以分为两类：（1）及物动词+宾语（2）及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语My mother bought me a gift. (可以接双宾语的词有：give, teach, buy, l end, find, hand, l eave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, buil d, pass, bring, cook等

不及物动词不需要跟宾语，本身意义完整。有些不及物动词加上介词后变成及物性短语动词，后跟宾语。She did not reply to my l etter。

二．常用动词用法（见后）

三．连系动词

系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。

大致分七种

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

I am fine.

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall （asleep）, get, go, come, run.

例如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

7．使役动词：let,have,make

The story make me happy.

有些动词可谓是"多面手"，它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：

Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)

He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)

They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)

They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)

四．助动词

1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法

（1）be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？

She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to d o the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况：

①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？

I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等，同shoul d。

You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

What is to be d one?该干什么。

④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定

They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。

He was to regret the d ecision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥用于习语

Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？

What am I to d o? 我该怎么办？

2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法

（1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

He has been a d octor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。（2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？

-No. We d on't have to.不，不必了。

3、d o(d oes, did) 的用法

（1）构成疑问句或否定句

How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He d oes not smoke. 他不抽烟。

（2）加强语气。

He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。

-You like popular music, d on't you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？

-Yes , I d o.是的，我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she d oes.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

（4）用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

Only then did I und erstand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。

（5）构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

3.助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。

说明：

在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）

He will come.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

shall在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿

shall I turn on the light?

要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?)

shall he come to see you?

他要不要来看你

(比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你)

shall 用在陈述句, 与第二第三人称连用, 变为情态动词表示允诺,命令,警告,和说话人的决心等

4.助动词should,would的用法

1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.

我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：

"What shall I do next week?"I asked.

"我下周干什么？"我问道。（可以说，shall变成直接引语时，变成了should。）

2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：

He said he would come.他说他要来。

比较：

"I will go," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。"

变成间接引语，就成了：

He said he would come.

原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。过去式从原来的go变为came。

五．情态动词

（1）情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，因此不能单独作谓语，只能和其他的动词原形一起构成谓语。

（2）情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。

（3）情态动词不随人称变化而变。

（4）含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词+ not”构成的。

can的用法：

1. (表示能力、功能)能,会

The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。

June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。

2. (表示可能性)可能,可能会

I think the work can be completed ahead of time. 我认为这项工作能提前完成。

3. (表示允许、请求)可以

You can't take the book out of the room. 你不可以将这本书拿出室外。

Can I use your pen? 我可以用一下你的笔吗?

4. (表示命令)必须

If you won't keep quiet you can get out.

你如不保持安静,就请你走。

5. (表示偶然发生的可能性)有时会

It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.

那里有时容易刮风,特别在春季。

6. (表示惊讶)究竟;竟至于

What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事?

could的用法

can的过去式；

（用于虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的设想）能；可以；

（表示可能性）可能；

（用于婉转语气）能，可以

may的用法

1.表示请求和允许，意思是：可以

He may come if he likes. 如果他想来，可以来

2.表示祝愿，意思是：祝…，（但愿）。

May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. 祝两国人民的友谊万古长青。

3.表示推测，意思是：可能（会），或许（会）。

It may rain this evening. You'd better take an umbrella. 今晚可能要下雨，你最好带上雨伞。

must的用法

1.表“必须”。

You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。

2.在否定结构中表不许。

You mustn't leave here.你不能离开这儿。

3.表坚定的建议。

You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你得马上来看我们。

4.表推测，暗含有很大的可能性，用在肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。

注意：否定式：needn’t表示必须要做的事。

加动词不定式的完成式或完成进行式可以表示对过去事情的推测。

may 暗含的可能性较小。must 暗含的可能性较大。否定的猜测用can't

The baby can't be ill. He is so active.那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。

might的用法

might表示的可能性太小，没有足够的说服力去职责别人。

may的过去式。

表示询问或允许或可能、推测。

表示可以做的事或可能发生的事，比may口气缓和。

表示现在的事情，语气较may弱一些，可能性更小一些。

用在表示目的等的状语从句中。用在虚拟条件句的主句中。

注意：may，might后加动词不定式的完成式可以表示对过去的推测，认为某事在过去可能发生，这一用法中may和might都指过去，不过might较may更含蓄或更不肯定。

should的用法

1.should 作为助动词shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。

2.should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。例如：

You should （= are supposed to ）complete your test in time.

你们应该按时做完你们的实验。

3.should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”，这时也可将should 置于从句之首，即将should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if. 后接动词不定式的完成式时，表示过去的事情。肯定句中表示该做的没做；否定句中表示不该做的发生了

If it should rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go. （= Should it rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go.）万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。

would的用法

1.would是will的过去式，Would you like～？

表示请求、劝说，是很客气的说法。

Would you like a cup of tea？

您愿意喝杯茶吗？

2.主语+would like to～

表示“想要……”的意思上，与…want to～意思一样，但用此句型较客气。

I want to ask you a question.

3.最基本的虚拟语气句型:

主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

ought to的用法

ought to 是一个可以加上to 的情态动词其意思与should是一样的,但是ought to 不能用于虚拟语气中表示推测,而should可以

ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。后接动词不定式的完成时，如用肯定结构，表示过去某事该做而未做；如否定结构，则表示过去不该做的事情发生了。

此用法相当于should （not）have done结构。

如：We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work．

She is your mother, so you ought to support her．

We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will

have to的用法

后接动词原形，表示“不得不，必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思。

dare的用法

表示“敢于”，过去式是dared。

除在“I dare say……”这种结构中，dare极少用于肯定句中，常用在否定句、疑问句及条件句中。常和动词不定式连用，但不带to

need的用法

表示“需要”，用于否定句和疑问句中，和不定式连用。

句型：need to be done/doing（主动表被动）

need后面有名词或动名词作宾语时，need是实义动词，但后接动名词的句子相当于被动语态。

shall的用法

主要用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。

used to的用法

后接动词原形，表示以前常发生的动作，但现在不是这样了，通常用于肯定句中。句型：be used to，后接动名词或名词，表示“习惯……”。

情态动词句型

（1）表示对现在情况的推测（情态动词+ v.）

肯定：must/may/might + be/do/be doing 否定：can/could + not + be/do/be doing 疑问：Can/Could + sb. + be/do/be doing

(2)表示对过去情况的推测（情态动词+ have done）

肯定：must/may/might + have been 否定：can/could + not + have been/done

疑问：Can/Could + sb. + have been/have done

注意：表示推测（可能性从大到小）：must，can，could，may，might。

常用动词用法：

1. all ow sb. to d o sth. 允许某人去做某事

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

2. asked sb. (not) to d o sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to d o sth. 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事

I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

3. be afraid to d o sth. 害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me questions.

4. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.

5. be afraid of sth. 害怕某物He is afraid of snakes.

6. be amazed to d o sth. 对做某事感到惊讶He was amazed to meet the girl there.

be amazed at sth. 对某事感到惊讶they were amazed at the news

7. be busy d oing/with sth. 忙于做某事(常考)

I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。

I am busy with my work.

8. be coming/going/l eaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)

the bus is coming/the dog is dying.

9. be excited to d o sth. 对做……感到兴奋Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.

be excited at sth. Lily was excited at his words.

be excited about d oing sth.

He was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.

10. be frightened to d o sth. 害怕去做某事Sam is frightened to rid e a horse.

11. be glad/happy to d o sth. 高兴去做某事She is happy to cl ean the blackboard with me.

be pl eased to d o sth. 高兴做某事She was pl eased to help the old man yesterday be pl eased with sth. 对某事感到高兴/满意the teacher was pl eased with my answer.

12. be interested in sth./d oing sth. 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣

She is interested in swimming in the river. My brother is interested in Chinese.

13. be/get ready for/to d o sth.

Be ready for sth. 为某事做好了准备We are ready for the exam.

Be ready to d o sth. 为做某事做好了准备We are ready to have a birthday party for her.

get ready for sth.为某事在做准备We are getting ready for the exam.

get ready for sth. 为做某事而做准备

13. be sorry to d o sth. 对做某事感到抱歉

14. be surprised to d o sth. 对做某事感到惊奇be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇

15. be worth d oing sth. 值得做某事(worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考)

16. begin to d o sth. begin/start to d o/d oing sth.

17. can/be abl e to afford (to buy) sth. 有能力购买(供)……

18. can/may/must d o sth. coul d/woul d/should/might d o sth.

19. can’t wait to d o sth. 迫不急待地去做某事

20. d ecid e to d o sth. 决定去做某事

make up one’s mind to d o sth. 下决心去做某事(常考) make a decision to d o sth. 对做某事作出决定

21. d eserve to d o sth. 值得/应该做……

22. encourage sb. to d o sth. 鼓励某人去做某事

23. enjoy d oing sth. 乐意去做某事

24. expect (sb.) to d o sth. 期望去做某事

25. fail to d o sth. 做某事失败succeed d oing sth. 成功做了某事

26. finish d oing sth. 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式) (常考)

27. foll ow sb to d o sth. 跟随某人去做某事

28. get sb. to d o sth. make sb. d o sth. l et sb. d o sth.

29. get/have a chance to d o sth. 得到一个做某事的机会

30. give/pass/show/l end/sell sb. sth./ sth. to sb. buy/get/bring sb. sth. / sth. for sb.

31. go on to d o sth. 继续做事(常考) go on d oing sth. 继续做事(常考)

32. hate to d o/d oing sth. 讨厌/不喜欢做某事

33. have fun d oing sth.

34. have problems d oing sth. 做某事遇到困难

35. have sb. d o sth. have sth. d one have sth. to d o 有事要做

36. hear sb. d o sth. 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考) hear sb. d oing sth. 听到某人正在做某事(常见)

37. help to d o sth. 帮忙做某事help sb. (to) d o sth. 帮助某人做某事

38. hope/wish to d o sth. 希望做某事wish sb. to d o sth. 希望某人做某事

39. I t seems that 这像是……（后接从句）seem to d o sth. seem +adj.

40. It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to d o sth.

It’s + adj. +(of sb.) to do sth e.g: It’s glad for him to hear the news.

41. It takes sb. some time/money to d o sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)

42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to d o sth.

43. It’s best for sb to d o sth.. 对某人来说做某事是最好的

had better d o sth. 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)

44. It’s time for sb. to d o sth. 是某人做某事的时候了

45. keep (on)d oing sth. 坚持做某事(常考) keep sb. d oing sth. 让某人做某事(常考)

keep sb. from d oing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考) keep sb./ sth. +adj.

keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或l end)

46. l earn to d o sth. 学做某事l earn sth. from sb. 向某人学习

47. like to d o/doing sth. 喜欢做某事like sb. to d o sth. 喜欢某人做某事

48. need to d o sth. need d oing sth./to be d one need sth . needn’t d o sth.

49. prefer to d o sth. rather than d o sth. 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)

prefer d oing sth. to d oing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做……

e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。

prefer to d o sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事

50. refuse to d o sth. 拒绝做……

51. remember/forget to d o sth. 记得/忘记做某事remember/forget d oing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事

52. see sb. d o sth. 看见某人做某事(结果) see sb. d oing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)

be seen to d o sth. 做某事被看见

53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)

e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。

54. spend some time (in)d oing sth. /on sth. 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing 形式)(常考)

spend some money on sth./ d oing sth. 买……花了多少钱

55. Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to d o. 做好某事很难/容易

56. stop to d o sth. 停下来去某事(两件事) (常考) stop d oing sth. 停止做某事(一件事) (常考)

stop sb. (from) d oing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考)

57. take turns to do sth. 轮流做……

58. tell sb. (not) to d o sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事be tol d to d o sth. 被告知不要做某事

59. There is no need (for sb.) to d o sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事60. There is no time (for sb.) to d o sth.

have no time to d o sth. 没时间做某事

61. too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能……

so… that… not… enough to d o e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。

62. try/d o one’s best to d o sth. 尽力去做某事try to d o sth. 试着(图)做某事

63. used to d o sth. 过去常做某事( used to be + adj./ a +n)

e.g: Mr. wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。

I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村

64. want/would like to d o sth. 想做…… want/woul d like sb. to d o sth. 想某人做……

feel like d oing sth. 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式

65. warn sb. (not) to d o sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事

66. Why d on’t you d o sth.? Why not d o sth ?

表示建议的句型还有：What How about……? (如果是动词，要用ing形式) Shall we……?

67. Would you like (sb.) to d o sth.? Yes, I’d l ove to.

68. Would you mind d oing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？

Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not. (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)

69. Would you please (not) d o sth. 你可不可以不做……？

70. finish d oing sth. enjoy d oing sth. practise d oing sth. be good at d oing sth. be

good at d oing sth. thank you f

or doing sth. stop doing sth. be good at d oing sth. give up d oing sth mind d oing sth stop sb from d oing sth go on d oing sth be busy d oing sth see/hear/watch sb d oing sth feel like d oing sth hate d oing sth like d oing sth d o well in d oing sth be afraid of d oing sth be interested in d oing sth make a contribution to sth/d oing sth

71. 非延续性动词(终止性动词)

1) buy---have(has)had 2) borrow---have(has)kept 3) l eave---have(has)been away

4) go ---have(has)been away/in… 5) come ---have(has)here/in…

6) die ---have(has)been d ead 7) join---have(has)been a member of/in…8) begin---have(has)on 9) stop---have(has)been over

例如: 他的狗死了3天了.: His d og has been d ead for three days. It is three days since his d og died. His d og died three days ago.

72. 感官动词:(主动语态不带to)1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb d oing sth

1)We often hear him sing the song.

2)I saw him swimming in the river just now.

被动语态带to:

He is often heard to sing the song.

役使动词: (主动语态不带to) make/let sb d o sth.

His father often makes him d o this and that.

被动语态带to:

He is often mad e to d o this and that by his father.

Exercises:(A)

1. _______ everyone here today?

A. Be

B. Are

C. Is

D. Am

2. Harry is old er than I. But he _______ younger than I.

A. l ook

B. l ooks

C. l ooked

D. l ooking

3. It _______ like the singing of the birds.

A. sounds

B. l ooks

C. smells

D. tastes

4. This kind of cake tastes _______.

A. good

B. well

C. to be good

D. to be well

5. The children all l ooked _______ at the broken mod el plane and felt quite _______.

A. sad, sad

B. sadly, sadly

C. sad, sadly

D. sadly, sad

6. This kind of paper _______ nice.

A. feel

B. felt

C. is feeling

D. feels

7. This math problem is _______ and I can d o it _______.

A. easy, easily

B. easily, easily

C. easy, easy

D. easily, easy

8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______! Woul d you like some?

A. l ooks

B. smells

C. sounds

D. feels

9. In winter the days _______ cold er and col d er.

A. gets

B. getting

C. got

D. get

10. He _______ pal e at the thought.

A. got

B. l ooked

C. turned

D. seemed

(B)

1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.

2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in.

3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.

4.He ________(l eave) Chengdu in two days.

5.Look!The boy________(play) football on the playground.

6.My uncl e ______(live) here for ten years.

7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.

8.Woul d you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions?

9.Don’t forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out.

10.Please let the girls _____(go) first.

11.They had great fun ________(play) football this afternoon.

12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV?

13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea?

14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow.

15.Would you mind my _____(open) the d oor?

16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly

17.I’ll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.

18.He said his grandpa ________(be) d ead for ten years.

19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street.

20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with my English.

(C)

1. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? --No, you ______.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. don’t

D. may not

3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

--Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A. can

B. may

C. would

D. have to

4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you ______ be back by 11

o’clock.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.

A. needn’t be thrown

B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw

D. may not throw

6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?

--No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. couldn’t

D. needn’t

7. -Where is Jack, please ? --He _____ be in the reading room.

A. can

B. need

C. would

D. must

A. musn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?

--Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. could

9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after calss.

A. could

B. didn’t have to

C. might

D. shouldn’t

10. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.

A. must

B. can

C. will

D. may

11. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

12. It’s still early. You ______.

A.mustn’t hurry

B. wouldn’t hurry

C. may not hurry

D. don’t have to hurry

13. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.

A. can’t

B. couldn’t

C. may not

D. might not

14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

15. ______ I know your name?

A. May

B. Will

C. Shall

D. Must

16. I ______ like to know where you were born.

A. shall

B. should

C. do

D. may

17. ______ you be happy!

A. Might

B. Must

C. Wish

D. May

18. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.

A. must

B. can

C. may

D. should

19. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. may

20. -There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.

--Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably.

A. can

B. ought to

C. may

D. must

21. -Shall I tell John about the bad news?

--No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.

A. need n’t

B. wouldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. mustn’t

22. -Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?

--It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.

A. can; can’t

B. can; mustn’t

C. might; could

D. might; may

Part 2 writing:

My study plan for the new year

写写你要如何提高你的学习成绩来迎接中考(high school entrance exam)

英语动词重要分类及用法说明

英语动词重要分类及用法说明 ■及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词(vt)后面要跟宾语，不及物动词(vi)不跟宾语。如： They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语，是不及物动词) I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them，是及物动词) 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物动词） She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词) ■动态动词和静态动词根据词义特点，行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如： [译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三

初中英语动名词的用法

初中英语动名词的用法动名词，即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用，具有双重性，既有动词的某些特征，有动词的各种变化形式；又有名词的某些性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式： 1) 直接作为主语。例如： Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语，直接出现。句意：散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语，真正的主语作为后置主语。例如： It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语，动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有：better，wonderful ，enjoyable，interesting，foolish ，

difficult ，useless，senseless，worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外，还有一种句型为： It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如： It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构这种句型一般是否定形式，There是引导词，作为形式主语，动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。例如： There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中，动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。例如： No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，可在其前面加上所有格，使之变成复合结构，可作为句中主语。例如：

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编含答案

一、选择题 1．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．A group of little ducks __________ their mother into the river and swim away. A．follow B．miss C．help D．cross 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 7．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 10．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea. A．fix B．fixed C．to fix D．fixing 11．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．Their eyes __________blue, but ours_________black. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is . D．are; is 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．—Who are you _______? — My mother.

动词的形式和分类

动词学案 Class：Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。（1）及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译：We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意：有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. （2）不及物动词不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

一．动词概述注：英语行为动词也可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词是必须带宾语的动词。可以分为两类：（1）及物动词+宾语（2）及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother bought me a gift. (可以接双宾语的词有：give, teach, buy, l end, find, hand, l eave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, buil d, pass, bring, cook等不及物动词不需要跟宾语，本身意义完整。有些不及物动词加上介词后变成及物性短语动词，后跟宾语。She did not reply to my l etter。英语中接双宾语的动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信 2、双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编附答案解析

一、选择题 1．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 2．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 3．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 4．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 5．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 6．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 7．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 8．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 9．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 10．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 13．—Would you like to try some pizza? —Yes, please. It lovely and nice. A．sounds, sees B．looks, smells C．hears, turns D．sounds, watches 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?

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