《英语》试卷

2008级专业理论研究生入学考试
《英语》试卷

题号 Paper One Paper Two 总分 I II III 总分 I II III 总分 得分



（满分100分）
得分 评卷人 Paper One
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)
Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, underline your choice.
1. I would always ________ buying a good quality bicycle rather than a cheap one.
A. appreciate B. introduce
C. recommend D. approve
2. I didn't know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite ________.
A. obvious B. evident
C. arbitrary D. fortunate
3. After only two years in the American market, our US sales have now ________ our sales in Europe.
A. caught B. overtaken
C. overflowed D. averaged
4. If you tell your father what you've done, he'll be ________ a little angry.
A. rather than B. other than
C. more than D. less than
5. Susan and Bill will discuss their vacation plans ________ dinner.
A. while B. over
C. for D. about
6. The ________ in the computer manual weren't very helpful.
A. expressions B. speeches
C. commands D. instructions
7. Gas-fired power stations will ________ for less efficient coal-fired equipment.
A. substitute B. take place
C. represent D. reproduce
8. One of the ________ of foreign travel is learning how to cope with the unexpected.
A. interests B. services
C. profits D. benefits
9. Some people think that running away from a crime ________ an admission of guilt.
A. provides for B. amounts to
C. regards as D. adds to
10. They suggested that she should ________ advice from the legal department.
A. seek B. search
C. find D. ask
11. ________ I wanted to find out first was how long it would take to complete the bridge.
A. That B. Those
C. What D. Which
12. The samples ________ in quality but were generally acceptable.
A. disagreed C. changed
B. varied D. distinguished
13. He ________ that his guests were bored, although they were listening politely.
A. identified C. impressed
B. doubted D. sensed
14. He completely ________ all these facts as though they never existed.
A. disposed C. neglected
B. discharged D. ignored
15. Father ________ to his study right after supper that evening.
A. retired C. removed
B. relieved D. resigned
16. We made plans for a visit but ________ difficulties with the car prevented it.
A. subsequent C. afterwards
B. subordinate D. next
17. ________ that few people could tell them apart.
A. So alike the twins were B. So alike were the twins
C. So the twins were a

like D. Were the twins so alike
18. The directors ________ in the meeting room at nine sharp.
A. joined C. assembled
B. amassed D. collected
19. Why don't you take physics next semester? It's not ________ to understand as you might think.
A. that hard B. too hard
C. so hard D. such hard
20. Employees are ________ to join the company's pension plan after a year's service.
A. responded C. acquired
B. compelled D. driven
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Part II Cloze (10 points)

Directions: Each blank in the following passage is provided with four choices. Read the whole passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Then, underline your choice.
Until late in the 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of different generations. Now middle-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves. That's __21 we group people __22 age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care centers, our 13-year-olds in __23 and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why?
We live __24 the old for many reasons. Young people sometimes avoid the old to __25__ fears of aging and __26 . It is much harder to watch someone we love disappear __27 our eyes. Sometimes it's so hard that we stay away from the people who need us the most. __28 , some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young.
A reporter moved her family onto a block __29 old people. At first her children were __30 . But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbors and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they __31 food, stories and projects. "My children have never been less lonely," the reporter said. The young, __32 , save the old. Once I was in a rest home (养老院) when a visitor __33 with a baby, she was immediately __34 . People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed asleep woke up to watch the child. Babies have an astonishing __35 to comfort and cure.
Grandparents are a special case. They give their grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband __36 it, "My grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would __37 right in the end." Grandchildren __38 attention they don't get from worried parents. "My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to _ 39 ," one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell __40 pupils have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer and more trusting.
21. A. because B. why C. what D. where
22. A. to B. from C. by D. in
23. A. works B. schools C. kindergartens D. colleges
24. A. away from B. out of C. beyond D. together with
25. A. make up B. struggle for C. bring about D. get rid of
26. A. stud

ying B. working C. dying D. growing
27. A. before B. on C. in D. behind
28. A. Generally B. Fortunately C. Particularly D. Specially
29. A. filled with B. lived with C. covered with D. worked with
30. A. pleasant B. excited C. moved D. disappointed
31. A. brought B. got C. shared D. divided
32. A. in turn B. after all C. in the end D. in all
33. A. turned off B. showed off C. showed up D. turned out
34. A. disagreed B. surrounded C. followed D. praised
35. A. power B. charm C. miracle D. wonder
36. A. say B. put C. take D. make
37. A. turn into B. turn to C. turn out D. turn in
38. A. speak on B. speak out C. speak up D. speak of
39. A. slow down B. speed up C. slow up D. go down
40. A. when B. which C. that D. why

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Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: In this part there are three passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then, underline your choice.
(1)
The United States population is growing older. In 1987, 12 percent of Americans were 65 years old or older, compared with 8 percent in 1950. Population experts at the U.S. Bureau of the Census expect this percentage to continue to rise gradually, reaching 14 percent in 2010, then to skyrocket during the next 20 years, reaching 21 percent by 2030. This "graying of America" has generated concerns about whether the best really is yet to be, about how well off tomorrow's elderly will be. There also are questions about the impact of an aging population on the rest of society.
The graying of America has two causes. First, advances in medical care have enable people to live longer. In the United States in 1900, the average life expectancy at birth was 47.7 years. By 1985, the latest year for which figures are available, it has climbed to 74.7 years.
Second, the U.S. birthrate rose in the mid-1900s, interrupting a long, slow decline. A dramatic increase occurred during this brief rise. From 1945 to 1947, the rate jumped from 20.4 births for every 1,000 people to 26.6. In 1957, the birthrate was still high - 25.3 - but then began to decline. The birthrate dropped to the 1933 level of 18.4 in 1966, and by 1985, was 15.7. Most experts see little change in the downward trend of the birthrate in the foreseeable future.

41. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
A. To bring attention to the needs of the elderly.
B. To contrast birthrates and life expectancy rates.
C. To explain how and why the American population is aging
D. To show the percentages of age groups in general population
42. During which period of time will the percentage of Americans 65 years old or older increase the most?
A. 1970-1990 B. 1990-2010
C. 2010-2030 D. 2030-2050
43. In the first paragraph, the phrase "this graying of America"

refers to ________.
A. the uncertainty of the future for older Americans
B. the effects of population on the health of the elderly
C. statistics released by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
D. the increasing number of elderly people in the population
44. About how long did it take the birthrate to return to the 1933 level?
A. 20 years B. 30 years
C. 40 years D. 50 years
45. Which of the following conclusions about the birthrate is supported by the passage?
A. The long-range decline in the birthrate will continue in the next century.
B. Another dramatic increase in the birthrate will occur before the 21st century.
C. The birthrate will continue to vary greatly.
D. An increase in the birthrate depends mainly on advances in medical care.

(2)
The surface of the Earth is the shore of the cosmic ocean. From it we have learned most of what we know about space. Recently, we have waded a little out to sea, enough to dampen our toes or, at most, wet our ankles. The water seems inviting. The ocean calls.
The dimensions of the cosmos are so large that using familiar units of distance, such as meters or miles, chosen for their utility on Earth, would make little sense. Instead we measure distance with the speed of light. In one second a beam of light travels 186,000 miles, nearly 300,000 kilometers, or seven times around the Earth. In eight minutes it will travel from the Sun to the Earth. We can say the Sun is eight light-minutes away. In a year, it crosses nearly ten trillion kilometers, about six trillion miles, of intervening space. That unit of length, the distance light goes in a year, is called a light year. It measures not time but distances, enormous distances.
The Earth is a place. It is by no means the only place. It is not even a typical place. No planet or star or galaxy can be typical because most of the cosmos is empty. The only typical place is within the vast, cold universal vacuum, the ever-lasting night of intergalactic space, a place so strange and desolate that by comparison, planets and stars and galaxies seem achingly rare and lovely. If we were randomly inserted into the cosmos, the chance that we would find ourselves on or near a planet would be less than one in a billion trillion. Worlds are precious.

46. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. The Cosmic Ocean B. Sunbeams
C. The Speed of Light D. Random Numbers
47. If the author's analogy in the first paragraph were extended, which of the following means of transportation would be most appropriate for a trip into space?
A. A train. B. An airplane.
C. A wagon. D. A ship.
48. It can be inferred from the passage that earthly units of measure are not used for intergalactic distance because these units of measure are ________.
A. unfamiliar to astronomers B. too smaller
C. inaccurate for measuring distance D. underestimated by scientists
49. According to the passage, how long does i

t take light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?
A. An hour. B. A year.
C. Eight minutes. D. Seven days.
50. According to the passage, where would one find the most ordinary place in the cosmos?
A. On a star. B. On a planet.
C. In the ocean. D. In the intergalactic space.

(3)
It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work becomes worse as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent（轻微犯罪）and sexually premature. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.
There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set up by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my school days.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by physical punishment there is as much smoking as other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.

51. In the passage the author puts an emphasis on ________.
A. the effect of smoking among children
B. the reason why children start smoking
C. the difficulty in preventing children from smoking
D. the measures to ban smoking among children
52. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?
A. Laziness. B. Lack of confidence.
C. Ignorance. D. Disobedience.
53. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. To prevent children from start smoking, parents, teachers and health care workers should not smoke.
B. It's easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to stop smoking.
C. Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.
D. Some children start to smoke merely out of curiosity.
54. The author concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ________.
A. should be introduced although it might prove ineffective
B. should be introduced because it was done at the school he studied
C. should not be introduced because it may cause rebellion
D. needn't be introduced as long as the teachers don't smoke
55. Which is the author's attitude towards children

smoking?
A. Indifferent. B. Sympathetic.
C. Emotional. D. Objective.

(4)
What are the differences between Spoken and Written English? Are there advantages and disadvantages for each form of communication?
When we learn our own (native) language, learning to speak comes before learning to write. In fact, we learn to speak almost automatically. It is natural. But somebody must teach us to write. It is not natural. In one sense, speaking is the "real" language and writing is only a representation of speaking. However, for centuries, people have regarded writing as superior to speaking. It has a higher "status". This is perhaps because in the past almost everybody could speak but only a few people could write. But as we shall see, modern influences are changing the relative status of speaking and writing.
We usually write with correct grammar and in a structured way. We organize what we write into sentences and paragraphs. We do not usually use contractions in writing (though if we want to appear very friendly, then we do sometimes use contractions in writing because this is more like speaking.) We use more formal vocabulary in writing (for example, we might write "the car exploded" but say "the car blew up") and we do not usually use slang. In writing, we must use punctuation marks like commas and question marks (as a symbolic way of representing things like pauses or tone of voice in speaking).
We usually speak in a much less formal, less structured way. We do not always use full sentences and correct grammar. The vocabulary that we use is more familiar and may include slang. We usually speak in a spontaneous way, without preparation, so we have to make up what we say as we go. This means that we often repeat ourselves or go off the subject. However, when we speak, other aspects are present that are not present in writing, such as facial expression or tone of voice. This means that we can communicate at several levels, not only with words.
56. Why did the author say "it is not natural to teach writing"?
A. Speaking is a real language but writing not.
B. We can not write so automatically as we can speak.
C. Writing is superior to speaking.
D. Writing has a higher status.
57. It can not be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. to make a letter look friendly, we can use some contractions.
B. we can not employ "explode" in colloquial language
C. slang had better be used in English speaking
D. punctuation marks can help differ writing from speaking
58. What are unique for speaking compared to writing?
A. Punctuation marks B. Facial expressions
C. Voice D. Going off the topic
59. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Speaking and writing, as means of communication, have their irreplaceable functions .
B. Judging from word choice, we know whether it is speaking or written language.
C. Conversation deals wit

h not only words, but also other communication levels.
D. Writing is superior to speaking as a language skill.
60. What difference is not mentioned between speaking and writing?
A. Status B. Structure
C. Style D. Durability

得分 评卷人 Paper Two

Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 points)

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and underline your choice. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction in the brackets.
Example: The Smiths have a four-year-old son and a two-years-old daughter. (two-year-old)
A B C D
1. As soon as we got on the bus, I noticed a strange-looked man sitting in the corner of the
A B C D
bus. ( )
2. We see lightning before we hear the thunder it causes because sound travels more slowly
A B C
than light is. ( )
D
3. He went up the mountain with a group of people, few of those were correctly equipped
A B C
for such a climb. ( )
D
4. Social change is much likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different
A B
kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.
C D
( )
5. We did the research as good as we could; however, it did not turn out to be satisfactory.
A B C D
( )
6. Susie must already leave the town for home at Albany, for she didn't show up at the party
A B C D
last night. ( )
7. The reason why I want to take that class is because the teacher is supposed to be very
A B C D
eloquent. ( )
8. During the discussion, Mr. Bord remained silent when asking his opinion.
A B C D
( )
9. Running slowly for some three miles every day is proved a good form of exercise.
A B C D
( )
10. What's the point in running down a person just because he holds different views?
A B C D
( )
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Part II Translation (15 points)


Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
　

在新的一年，我们要高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持和平发展道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。要努力发展同发达国家的关系，全面深化同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，大力加强同发展中国家的团结合作，积极开展多边外交，推动重大热点问题和全球性问题的妥善解决。中国政府和人民愿同各国人民一道，共同分享发展机遇，共同应对风险挑战，共同推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。
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Part III Guided Writing (15 points)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Attain Our Goals in Life. The English outline given below is for your reference. For supporting details, you may draw on your own experiences. You should write at least 120 words.
1. A definite goal is indispensable to a meaningful life.
2. To attain our goals in life, we must learn to develop such qualities as industry, persistence, and strong willpower.
3. Confidence is something we have to have in order to succeed in life.
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