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必修三unit4-学案

必修三Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars 单词学案

1. astronomy [?'str?n?m?] 天文学astronomer [?'str?n?m?]n. 天文学家

biology [ba?'?l?d??]生物学biologist [ba?'?l?d??st] n. 生物学家

geography [d??'?gr?f?]地理学geologist [d??'?l?d??st] n. 地质学家，地质学者

physics ['f?z?ks] 物理physicist ['f?z?s?st] 物理学家physical物理的,身体的

science科学scientist科学家chemistry chemist

2. atom ['?t?m] cn. 原子carbon['kɑ?b(?)n]n. [化学] 碳nitrogen['na?tr?d?(?)n]n. [化学] 氮vapor [veip?]水蒸气oxygen ['?ks?d?(?)n] n 氧dioxide [da?'?ksa?d] n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳low-carbon lifestyle低碳生活方

3. solar ['s??l?]adj.太阳的；日光的, 阳历的solar energy solar system solar year （lunar year）

4.system ['s?st?m]c n.系统,体系,制度systematic [s?st?'m?t?k]adj.成系统的，成体系的

a new education system transport system 运输系统a heating system 供热系统 a systematic way 一个成系统的方法

5. religion [r?'l?d?(?)n] n. 宗教；宗教信仰adj 有宗教信仰的虔诚的

6. .theory ['θ??r?]cn.学说，理论pl in theory 理论上，按理说

That really sounds fine ______ ______, but do you think it is good in practice?

7.billion ['b?lj?n] n. 十亿billionaire [b?lj?'ne?] n. 亿万富翁billions of stars two billion stars

million ['m?lj?n] 百万billionaire 百万富翁millions of two million

8. globe [gl??b] n.球体，地球仪，地球(the globe) lamp globe 灯泡; 球灯罩

global ['gl??b(?)l] adj.全球性的，全世界的worldwide adj\adv fight global warming

9. violent ['va??l(?)nt]adj.猛烈的，激烈的，暴躁的n. violence adv. violently

①violent crimes/movies a violent man. ②______ storm 暴风骤雨③She shook her head__________强烈地

④There is too much_____________ on TV. ⑤ answer violence with violence

patient –patience different—difference important—importance dependent dependence intelligent intelligence

10. atmosphere ['?tm?sf??]大气层，气氛

① Completely lost in the exciting________of football match, he didn't feel his pocket picked.

②I like the atmosphere we can express ourselves freely.

11. .unlike prep.不同,不像;---反义词like prep 像look like be like

Music is quite unlike any other art form. It’s very unlike him to be so late.

like v.喜欢She is like /resembles her mother She likes swimming.

dislike v.不喜欢She dislikes swimming. Likes and dislikes

12. fundamental [f?nd?'ment(?)l] adj. 基本的，基础的Hard work is to success.

the fundamental rules of mathematics

13.presence ['prez(?)ns]. 存在；出席；参加in sb’s presence in the presence of s b 当着sb的面

present [pr??zent ] vt.赠送,颁发,呈现～sb. with sth./ ～sth. to sb.

①They present precious gifts to the boy. ②The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight.

['preznt] adj.①现在的,当前的;the present situation

②在场的,出席的(后置定语)All the people present voted for him.

★be present at ★be absent from

['preznt] n. ①礼物=gift; ②现在，目前★at present/at the present time

At present, we will present a present to our friend

14 . harmful adj 有害的n vt adj.无害的________

★do harm to sb/do sb harm=harm sb 对sb有害★be harmful/harmless to 对…有害(无害)

Smoking _____ _________ ____/______ _______ _____ your health.

扩展：▲do / cause damage to … e.g. The heavy rain didn’t do much damage to the crops.

能力提升：The damage the earthquake _________ the village is great.

15 chain [t?e?n] 链子，连锁，锁链 a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain a chain of events

The prisoners were kept in chains.囚犯戴着镣铐

16.reaction [r?'?k?(?)n] n.反应，回应v. react to对…做出反应They angrily to the news. respond [r?'sp?nd] vi. 回答；作出反应respond to sth response [r?'sp?ns]in response to

17. multiply ['m?lt?pla?](v)乘，增加★multiply A and B /multiply A by B

①Two_________by four is/makes/equals eight. (multiplied)

② Our problems have since last year.

multi-purpose tools 多用途工具multicultural adj.多元文化的multi-media多媒体

multiple ['m?lt?pl]Choice 多选题multitask [m?lt?'tɑ?sk] 多重任务

18. exist [?ɡ'z?st]vi.存在，生存existence [?ɡ'z?st?ns]n. 存在，生存existing adj.现存的，现行的existing laws

①Does life______ on other planets? ②There life on the moon. ③come into existence/being存在，产生

19.thus [e?s]adv.因此,于是(therefore) The storm came, thus killing many people.结果状语

20.puzzle ['p?z(?)l]n.谜，难题crossword puzzles 纵横字谜find the answer to a puzzle

vt.&vi (使)迷惑，(使)为难—n

puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到迷惑的=confused

be puzzled at/by对……感到迷惑 a ook\expression\voice

21.gentle ['d?entl] adj 温和的文雅的in a voice be gentle with animals

gentleman n. 绅士adv. He treats everyone___________. (gently)

22.extinct [?k'st??kt] adj. 灭绝的绝种的extinction [?k'st??k??n]n.灭绝

die out (物种,家族) 灭绝; 风俗习惯过时

① If we continue to destroy nature, many more animals will become __________.

②The custom is ________ ___. ③Many species of animals are in danger of dying out.

23.climate ['klaimit] n.①气候（地区的长期的气候状况）②一般(社会)风气

weather: n. 天气（短期内的天气状况）

①Britain has a temperate __________.英国气候温和. ②the present political _________ .(climate)

③The __________ is changeable. 天气变化无常。

24. crash [kr??] vi. /vt. 碰撞坠落n. ①撞车②飞机坠毁 a car crash an air crash

①There was a car in which two cars crashed. ②The plane into the mountain.

pull up (使)停车pull through渡过难关恢复健康pull down拆毁

She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.

push 推；逼迫push sb. to do ... Don't push him so hard.

26. lessen vi 减少widen sharpen enrich enlarge broaden encourage strengthen

27. float vt./vi.（使）(在水上,空中)漂浮；浮动n.漂浮物

①Wood _________ on water. ②I looked up at the clouds in the sky.

★flow（flowed, flowed）(河水、液体等)流，流动; (长发，长袍)飘垂

③Her hair (down) over her shoulders. ④Blood round the body

28.weightlessly adv失重地；

weight n.重量weigh 称… 的重量vt；称起来为…vi；权衡，斟酌vt；

①It is about 76 kilos in weight. ②Bananas are sold by weight.(by the jin)

③She weighs 60 kilos. ④In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words.

⑤The stone weighing 60 kilos is heavy to lift.

29. exhaust [?ɡ'z?st]vt. 用尽,耗尽,使筋疲力尽exhausting 使筋疲力尽的exhausted 精疲力竭的

be exhausted=be tired out=be worn out=give out

30.cabin ['k?b?n]小屋，船舱

31.gravity 'ɡr?v?ti]万有引力，重力the law of gravity dinosaur ['da?n?s??]n.恐龙satellite['s?t?la?t]卫

星，人造卫星spaceship n.宇宙飞船in space outer space 外太空inner space comet ['k?m?t]n. [天] 彗星mammal ['m?ml] n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物acid['?s?d] n酸dissolve [d?'z?lv] vi\vt溶解；解散

重点短语：

1.in time 1) 及时，终于,最后Cancer can be cured if discovered_____ _______.

2)迟早，早晚（= sooner or later）You will succeed ___ _____ if you keep on working hard.

相关短语:ahead of time提前take your time不着急,慢慢来at one time一度,曾经at times偶尔on time按时in no time立刻from time to time不时，偶尔at the same time 同时

keep up with the times与时俱进，跟上时代

at a time一次几个she ran up the stairs two at a time.

at no time 绝不At no time can we give up learning.

2 lay eggs下蛋

vi. 撒谎lie---lied—lied—lying 躺, 位于lie---lay—lain---lying

vt. 放置,产卵,下蛋lay—laid---laid—laying I lay awake under the darkness in the world

The hen_______two eggs yesterday. (laid) ______ the table and we will have lunch. (Lay)

3.give birth to 生(孩子); 产生

①She died after______ ___ ____ a little baby. ②The small town gave birth to many famous people.

4.in one’s turn 轮到某人，接着by turns 轮流,交替地in turn依次;反过来in return 作为回报

take turns to do sth./doing sth 轮流做某事It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

①I told Frank and he __________________told Peter. (in his turn)

②We did the work _______________. (by turns)

③We ____________ to ask questions. (take turns)

④It is my turn to do the housework this week.

5. prevent …(from）阻止…做某事=stop sb./sth.(from) doing keep sb./sth.from doing （否定句中，from不可省）

We must prevent the water from______________(pollute).

protect... from.sth.(或against)使…免于…；防止…遭受… The glasses protect our eyes from sun.

6.block out 挡住（光线）The wall blocks out all the light.

7. cheer up 感到高兴感到振奋I ________ _____ at the good news. The good news ________ me up.

8.now that 既然=since Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.

9.break out 突然发生,爆发(主语一般是fire, fighting, quarrel, war, argument,)不用被动语态。

eg. The war ________ ______ in 1937 was terible.

词语辨析：happen break out take place come about

How did the accident _______? World WarⅠ_________ in 1914.

Great changes have taken place in my home town. How did it ？

break down

break up

break in break into the room break through

10. watch out for密切注视；当心；提防watch out =look out ,接宾语时，常与for 连用。

eg. ________ _____; there is danger ahead. Watch out ______ cars while crossing the street.

11.get the hang of 得知……的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事，摸清概况；鉴赏

It is difficult for a foreigner to get the hang of English idioms.

课文重点句型：

1.①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago

②when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became ③so violent that it was not clear ④whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon ......and other gases,

⑤which were to make the earth's atmosphere. ⑥What is even more important is that as the earth cooled

down, water began to appear on its surface.

①主语从句，其be to do 表将来发生的动作或"想要"表意愿

The flowers should be watered, if they are to survive.

②时间状语从句短语settle into 在此为“形成”

③so ...that ...结果状语从句辨析填空He is so clever _____ everyone likes.

He is clever _____ everyone likes him.

2.It was not immediately obvious ①that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. ②What

many scientist believe is ③that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful

gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction,④which made it possible for life

to develop.

③表语从句短语; allow sb. to do ... allow doing....(forbid,advice, permit...)

dissolve into；(使)溶入, 隐入，渐失：The rider dissolved into the mists

被感动，情不自禁：He was moved to dissolve into tears while watching the movie.

④非限定性定语从句find/make/think/consider +it +adj./n.+to do (it作形式宾语)

We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.

We think it our duty to help you out of trouble.

3.Next,green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well we in the water.

4. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

remain v.剩下余留残存After a fire, nothing remained. After washing many times, the smell still stayed.

保持；继续；仍然处于He still remained a teacher. Please remain seated/sitting until the bus stops.

★remain to be seen/done 拭目以待仍有待于... The answers to all these questions remain to be seen.

The details remain to be settled

remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的There are 5 books remaining. There is 5minutes left.

5.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become ①too hot to love on. So ②whether life

will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ③whether this problem can be solved.

①动词主表被动The grapes sells well. We all have a room to live in. The question is difficult to answer.

I find the chair comfortable to sit in.

6.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried① twice as far as on the earth and fell over."Oh

dear," I cried,"walking does need ②a bit of practice now that gravity has changed." After a while I got the

hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

①倍数的表达方式：(more than) 倍数+as+形容词+as...

倍数+形容词比较级+than...

倍数+the size（length，width，height，depth）of...

这个房子是那个的三倍大。eg. This house is three times as big as that one.

This house is three times the size of that one. This house is twice bigger than that one.

②a bit of= a little +water a bit = a little +adj./adv. not a bit= not at all not a little = very much

He was not a bit tired after a day's work. He is not a little happy to see his wife agin.

2019-2020年高中英语人教版必修三unit4 课文详解学案

2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science Of The Stars天文学：恒星的科学 II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。 For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。【注释：settle into有头绪, 上正轨eg. Things soon settled into shape.事情很快有了头绪。】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。【注释：①so… that…如此…以致于…：eg. The words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。②it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not.】It exploded loudly with fire and rock. “大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。【注释：explode vt. & vi.使爆炸；爆发explode with anger勃然大怒；explode with laughter哄然大笑；explode into laughte r突然大笑起来；explode into pieces炸得粉碎。如：Many people were injured when the boiler exploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。【注释：in time (1)迟早, 最后eg. In time you'll

人教新课标必修三unit4学案.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy : the science the stars I .写出下列必考单词 1.大气层n . 2.乘，增加v . 3.人造卫星n . 4.不同，不像prep . 5.气候n . _____ 6.地心引力；重力n . 7.理论n . ____________ 8.碰撞，坠落v . 9.宇宙飞船n . 10.拉力，拖，牵引力n.&v . 11.基本的，基础的adj . 12.链子，锁链n . 13.天文学n . ]4.原子n . II.写出下列单词的变化形式 1.系统（n .）；系统的（adj .） 2.球体，地球（n .）；全球性的（adj .） 3.猛烈的（adj .）"暴力（n .）；猛烈地（adv .） 4.生存（v .）；生存（n .） 5.物理学家（n .）；物理（n .）；身体的（adj .） 6.生物学（n .）；生物学家（n .） 7.宗教（n.）；宗教的（adj.） 8.原子（n.）；原子的（adj.） ?活学活用用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The treatment they gave him did him more than good, though the doctor insisted it was ___________ .（harm） 2.Air everywhere and its makes it possible for us to live on. （exist） 3.He is very.For example, the lifting device he made is a of ropes and pulleys, （system） 4.A tour means traveling all around the. （globe） 5.The use of against the attackers led to more clashes, （violently） 6.She was a woman who wouldn, t hurt an ant. （gently） III.翻译下列必背短语 1.及时，终于_______________ 2.下蛋 ______________ 3.高兴，振奋_______________ 4.产生，分娩_______________ 5.轮到某人_______________ 6.爆发 ______________ 7.阻止 ______________ 8.既然 ______________

英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译

英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy课文翻译作者：未知来源：尚学苑2014-09-20 LIF HOW E BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young enerally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

高中生物必修一第四章基础知识点整理

第四章细胞的物质输入和输出第一节物质跨膜运输的实例一、渗透作用（1）渗透作用：指水分子（或其他溶剂分子）通过半透膜的扩散。（2）发生渗透作用的条件：一是具有半透膜，二是半透膜两侧具有浓度差。二、细胞的吸水和失水（原理：渗透作用） 1、动物细胞的吸水和失水外界溶液浓度<细胞质浓度时,细胞吸水膨胀外界溶液浓度>细胞质浓度时,细胞失水皱缩外界溶液浓度=细胞质浓度时,水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 2、植物细胞的吸水和失水细胞内的液体环境主要指的是液泡里面的细胞液。原生质层：细胞膜和液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离外界溶液浓度<细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离复原外界溶液浓度=细胞液浓度时就，水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 3、质壁分离产生的条件：（1）具有大液泡（2）具有细胞壁(3) 活细胞 4、质壁分离产生的原因：内因：原生质层伸缩性大于细胞壁伸缩性外因：外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度 5、植物吸水方式有两种：（1）吸胀作用（未形成液泡）如：干种子、根尖分生区（了解）（2）渗透作用(形成液泡的) 二、比较几组概念扩散：物质从高浓度到低浓度的运动叫做扩散（扩散与过膜与否无关）（如：O2从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动）渗透：水分子或其他溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散又称为渗透（如：细胞的吸水和失水，原生质层相当于半透膜）

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