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太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案07-2

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)

Section A (0.5 point each)

21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.

A. investment

B. resource

C. inspiration

D. stimulus

22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.

A. bewildering

B. exasperating

C. dismaying

D. upsetting

23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.

A. all at once

B. by and by

C. to some extent

D. on the whole

24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.

A. optimistic

B. anxious

C. uncertain

D. scared

25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.

A. enhanced

B. revised

C. alternated

D. modified

26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.

A. arisen from

B. contributed to

C. patched up

D. participated in

27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.

A. resigned

B. compromised

C. persisted

D. dominated

28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.

A. inclined

B. struggled

C. argued

D. competed

29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.

A. on occasion

B. at present

C. by now

D. for sure

30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.

A. briefly

B. quickly

C. accurately

D. earnestly

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.

A. neighborhoods

B. communities

C. clusters

D. assemblies

32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fa5474723.html,pose

B. impose

C. expose

D. pose

33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.

A. energetic

B.vigorous

C. rigorous

D. grave

34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.

A. presentation

B. instruction

C. conviction

D.obligation

35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.

A. incomprehensible

B. incomparable

C. inconceivable

D. incompatible

36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.

A. in the light of

B. in the event of

C. in the case of

D. in the course of 37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink. A. end up B. take up C. put up D. turn up

38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.

A. stood up to

B. walked up to

C. lived up to

D. added up to

39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.

A. assume

B. anticipate

C. assure

D. wonder

40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.

A. manipulate

B. adjust

C. regulate

D. manage

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says

Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.

Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.

Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher

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Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a（an） 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the 6 of violence in the media and its 7 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces can influence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazines and newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertain us 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations. 1. ［A］alternative ［B］preference ［C］substitute ［D］representative 2. ［A］accomplishes ［B］fulfills ［C］provides ［D］suffices 3. ［A］risk ［B］mercy ［C］height ［D］expense 4. ［A］Absorbed ［B］Attracted ［C］Aroused ［D］Addicted 5. ［A］identify ［B］recognize ［C］unify ［D］equate 6. ［A］abundance ［B］incidence ［C］prevalence ［D］recurrence 7. ［A］disposed ［B］hidden ［C］implicit ［D］potential 8. ［A］merged ［B］emerged ［C］immerged ［D］submerged 9. ［A］apart from ［B］much as ［C］but for ［D］along with 10. ［A］promote ［B］propel ［C］prompt ［D］prosper 11. ［A］inspired ［B］imposed ［C］delivered ［D］contributed 12. ［A］External ［B］Exterior ［C］Explicit ［D］Exposed 13. ［A］As ［B］At ［C］For ［D］In 14. ［A］mark ［B］effect ［C］impact ［D］shock 15. ［A］generalized ［B］regularized ［C］standardized［D］categorized 16. ［A］boom ［B］bottom ［C］brim ［D］beam 17. ［A］over ［B］with ［C］on ［D］at 18. ［A］play ［B］take ［C］profit ［D］resort 19. ［A］barely ［B］carefully ［C］narrowly ［D］subjectively 20. ［A］ideal ［B］image ［C］stereotype ［D］criterion

太原理工大学研究生院

修订时间：2013年3月太原理工大学博士研究生入学考试专业基础课考试大纲一、参考书目《数值分析》(第5版)，李庆扬，王能超，易大义著，清华大学出版社，2008 二、考查要点一、数值分析与科学计算引论 1. 误差的基本概念：误差来源与分类，截断误差，舍入误差，绝对误差、相对误差和误差限，有效数字。 2. 误差定性分析与避免误差危害：算法的数值稳定性，病态问题与条件数，避免误差危害。 3. 数值计算中算法设计的技术：多项式求值的秦九韶算法，迭代法与开方求值，以直代曲与化整为“零”，加权平均的松弛技术。重点：误差、避免误差的若干原则。二、插值方法 1. 插值问题的基本概念：插值问题的提法，插值多项式的存在唯一性。 2. Lagrange插值：线性插值与抛物线插值，Lagrange插值，插值余项公式。

3. Newton插值：均差的概念与性质，Newton插值公式及其余项，差分的概念与性质，等距节点的Newton插值公式。 4. Hermite插值：两点三次Hermite插值及其余项，n点Hermite插值，非标准Hermite插值及其余项。 5. 分段低次插值：Runge现象，分段线性插值，分段三次Hermite插值。 6. 三次样条插值：三次样条函数与三次样条插值，构造三次样条插值的三弯矩方法。重点：Lanrange插值、Newton插值。三、函数逼近与曲线拟合 1. 正交多项式：函数内积、欧几里德范数，正交函数序列，正交多项式，Legendre多项式。 2. 曲线拟合的最小二乘法：最小二乘拟合问题的提法，最小二乘拟合问题的解法，非线性拟合问题（指数模型、双曲线模型），最小二乘法的其他应用（算术平均、超定方程组）。 3. 连续函数的最佳平方逼近：最佳平方逼近问题的提法，最佳平方逼近的解法，基于正交函数的最佳平方逼近，利用Legendre多项式作最佳平方逼近。重点：曲线拟合的最小二乘法。四、数值积分与数值微分 1. 数值求积基本概念：数值求积公式基本形式，插值型求积公式，代数精度。 2. Newton-Cotes求积公式：Newton-Cotes公式一般形式，梯形公式和Simpson公式及其余项，数值稳定性。

专业英语考试试题与答案

1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc