上海市黄浦区2019届高三英语一模

黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷

高三英语

（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Just How Buggy is Your Phone?

What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, you?re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.

In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone?s owner reported the theft before ___22___（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___（confess）to the crime.

___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you se e some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That?s biological information.”

It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from ___25___ of your friends and family. Th ey?re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.

In a 2017 study, researchers sam pled a range of surfaces in 22 participants? homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___（early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who ___28___（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.

One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?

Section B

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that

The Nile

on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.

Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.

An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today. The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods. By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country?s rapid ly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities

Water covers 71% of Earth?s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.

It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.

Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.

Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.

is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.

In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.

Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.

41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation

42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply

43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved

44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume

45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation

46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring

47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result

48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security

49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained

50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively

51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What?s more

52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential

53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement

54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded

55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threat

Section B

(A)

Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson?s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.

Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.

Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.

the emotional landscape da rkens, those who haven?t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won?t be traumatized so badly.

Consistently smart and delicate as a spid er web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children?s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story?s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.

56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.

A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdom

B. looked down on their individual realities

C. formed a good friendship despite their different talents

D. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia

57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?

A. criticized

B. ignored

C. delighted

D. shocked

58. The two children most likely ________.

A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus

B. created an imaginary world as an escape from reality

C. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginations

D. won against the bullies at school with strong performances

59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.

B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.

C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.

D. Chi ldren shouldn?t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.

(B)

up of 3 main parts:

The Envelope

The

which holds the air

The Burner

The unit which pushes the

heat up into the envelope

The Basket

Where the passengers and

pilot stand

The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the

ground.

The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up.

To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.

The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.

The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.

60. The purpose of this article is to __________.

A. explain how hot air balloons work

B. illustrate why hot air balloons are useful

C. describe hot air balloons? structure

D. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made

61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?

B. The balloon would climb up more rapidly

C. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.

D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.

62. Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?

A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.

B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.

C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.

D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.

(C)

The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around 470°C(900°F), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸), is some 90 times that of Earth?s. Lead(铅) would flow like water on Venus, and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.

Now NASA?S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface. The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.

The most amazing image is of Venus?s second tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises 8km(5 miles) . Most of the planet?s many peaks, including 9.5-km-(6-mile-) high Maxwell Montes, look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber, it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.

This interesting fact, say project scientists, is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava(熔岩). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot , chemically reactive atmosphere, creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesn?t have any, it has probab ly been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years.

Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑). That would be easy to explain on a Planet like Earth, where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including domelike upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building. But the evidence can?t i ndicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet?s surface, may eventually settle the issue.

63. Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Sulfuric acid

C. Liquid water

D. Active volcanoes

64. The scientists believe that _________ shows up easily on radar.

A. geological change

B. iron sulfide

C. mountain mineral

D. lava flow

65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.

C. Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on Earth

D. Other geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon.

66. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. NASA?S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.

B. There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus.

C. Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts.

D. Magellan will conduct a follow-up complete survey of the Venus? surface.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be

Nowhere To Hide:What Machines Can Tell From Your Face

The human face is a remarkable piece of work. 67 So is the face?s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.

68 In Ameri ca facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers? attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing d rivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple?s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.

Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. 69 Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.

70 Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward d erived from the information a computer attaches to someone?s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.

IV. Summary Writing

71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Sport Tourism

Tourism is the world?s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.

The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the

spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.

The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.

Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.

第II卷（共40分）

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant)

73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent)

74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for)

75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你的网友王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你求教，请给他回复一封电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容：

●描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征

●如何记好笔记的建议

（注意：中文请不要出现真实的校名人名）

黄浦区2018年第一学期高三期终调研测试

英语试卷参考答案

I. Listening Comprehension

1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCCAC

11-15 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20 DCCB

II. Grammar and V ocabulary

Section A

21. the 22. dying 23. confessed 24. Although/ Though 25. those

26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that

Section B

31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. F

III. Reading Comprehension

41-45 BCBDA 46-50 CBBAC

51-55 ABACD

Section B

56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66 CBAD

Section C

67-70 FDAE

IV. Summary writing

71.

The tourism industry is developing fast/ prosperously with different forms, among which sports to tourism grows fastest. Sports tourism is defined as travel related to sport/ physical activities and consists of/ include three main categories. The first is watching sports events /game. The second includes visiting famous sports related attractions / places and meeting well-known /famous sports people/ personalities. And the third is a active participation.(52 words)

V. Translation

72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential(abilities/ talents).

73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region?s economic decline.

74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/ of all countries.

Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/ different countries live together in friendship.

75. The development trend of youth/ adolescent/ teenager problem deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solution.

上海市虹口区2019届高三英语一模

状元考前提醒 拿到试卷：熟悉试卷 刚拿到试卷一般心情比较紧张，建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页， 有多少道题，了解试卷结构，通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出，后面易 题没时间做”的有效措施，也从根本上防止了“漏做题”。 答题策略 答题策略一共有三点： 1. 先易后难、先熟后生。先做简单的、熟悉的题，再做综合题、难题。 2. 先小后大。先做容易拿分的小题，再做耗时又 复杂的大题。3. 先局部后整体。把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤，一步一 步的解决，每解决一步就能得到一步的分数。 立足中下题目，力争高水平 考试时，因为时间和个别题目的难度，多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目，所以在答卷中要立足中下题目。中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上，是试题的主要构成，学生能拿下这些题目，实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理，对攻克高档题会更放得开。 确保运算正确，立足一次性成功 在答卷时，要在以快为上的前提下，稳扎稳打，步步准确，尽量一次 性成功。不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度，甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤。试题 做完后要认真做好解后检查，看是否有空题，答卷是否准确，格式是否规 范。 要学会“挤”分 考试试题大多分步给分，所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置，文科尽量把要点写清晰，作文尤其要注意开头和结尾。考试时，每一道题都认真思考，能做几步就做几步，对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分，这是考试中最好的策略。 检查后的涂改方式要讲究 发现错误后要划掉重新写，忌原地用涂黑的方式改，这会使阅卷老师看不清。如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写，要先写出正确的，再划去错误的。有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了，写新题解的时间又不够，本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了。考试期间遇到这些事，莫慌乱！

最新上海市崇明区2019届高三英语一模

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江苏省苏州市2019届高三期期调研英语试题(含答案)

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