英国文学史及选读考试必看

英国文学选读考试必看

June, 2010 Part I 复习重点章节

1.William Shakespeare;

2.Francis Bacon;

3.John Donne;

4.William Blake;

5.Jane Austen;

6.Charles Dickens;

7.Thomas Hardy;

8.Oscar Wilde;

9.William Butler Yeats;

10.James Joyce;

11.D.H. Lawrence;

Part II 考试题型

1.In this part you are going to explain the following literary terms briefly

and to give examples from the stories you have learned from the course

to illustrate the terms. (about 15 points)

Examples

character and characterization; symbol and allegory, theme, point of view,

etc.)

2.Analysis of short stories and novels (about 40 points)

Example 1

Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve

and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been

insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less

difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little

information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied

herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its

solace was visiting and news.

Questions

What can we learn from this short passage about Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet?

What was the tone of the passage? Does this passage illustrate the style of

Jane Austen?

Example 2

One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died.

It was a dark rainy evening and here was no sound in the house. Through one of the broken panes I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water paying in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little.

All my senses seemed to veil themselves and feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O Love! O Love! many times.

Questions

What can we learn about “I” from this short passage? What was the meaning of the sentence “I was thankful that I could see so little.” ? What rhetorical device was used in this passage?

Example 3

“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his spot with Tess. And the d’Urbervilles knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained thus a long time, absolutely motionless: the flag continued to wave silently. As soon as they had strength they rose, joined hands again, and went on.

Questions

What is your understanding of the sentence “And the d’Urbervilles knight and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing”? Was justice really done?

What is your understanding of the very end of the novel “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy?

3.Analysis of the poems (about 30 points)

Example 1

Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,

Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!

He is called by thy name,

For he called himself a Lamb;

He is meek & he is mild,

He became a little child;

I a child & thou a lamb,

We are called by his name.

Little Lamb God bless thee.

Little Lamb God bless thee.

Questions

Who is “he” in the third line of this stanza? What is the dominant feeling in this stanza? What are you understanding of the last two lines?

Example 2

Oh stay, three lies in one flea spare,

Where we almost, nay more than married are.

The flea is you and I, and this

Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;

Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,

And cloistered in these living walls of jet.

Though use make you apt to kill me,

Let not do that, self-murder added be,

And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.

Questions

What extraordinary metaphors (conceits) do you find in this stanza? Give an example and explain it. What is the central idea in this stanza?

4.Paraphrasing (about 15 points)

Example 1

Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, they e many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet on the other side, they are more cruel and hard-heated (good to make

severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.

Example 2

Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,

Who is already sick and pale with grief

That thou her maid art far more fair than she.

Be not her maid, since she is envious.

Her vestal livery is but sick and green,

And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.

Example 3

Thus conscious does make coward of us all,

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pitch and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry

And lost the name of action.

More Examples

Allusion: A reference to an object, an event, a place, or a person, etc, outside of a text itself. E.g. the title of W.B. Yeats’s Second Coming”has a biblical allusion, which refers to the second coming of Jesus Christ.

Symbol:In a literary work, it refers to an object, , action or animal, that stands for something more than its literary meaning. E.g. the “Lam b” in William Blake’s poem “Lamb” is a symbol of innocent and humility.

Example

Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. On Saturday evenings when my aunt went marketing I had to go to carry some of the parcels. We walked through the flaring streets, jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, amid the curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys who stood on guard by the barrels of pigs' cheeks, the nasal chanting of street-singers, who sang a come-all-you about O'Donovan Rossa, or a ballad about the troubles in our native land. These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.

Question A: According to the passage, what places are the most hostile to romance? Answer: From the description in the extract, it is evident that the narrator considers that the noisy and dirty market and the church is the most hostile to his romance.

Question B: What does the passage suggest about the social reality described?

Answer: The market and the church symbolize respectively the secular/material life and the spiritual life of the people described in the story. Since both places are most hostile to the romance from the perspective of the narrator, we may infer that the social reality concerned must be depressing and repulsive to genuine human emotion. Example

And even as he lay dead, his mother heard her brother’s voice saying to her: “My God, Hester, you’re eighty-odd thousand to the good, and a poor devil of a son to the bad. But, poor devil, he’s best gone out of a life where he rides his rocking horse to find a winner.”

Question: In what way does Uncle Oscar’s comment reveal the theme of the story? Answer: Uncle Oscar’s comment reveals a major theme of “A Rocking Horse Winner” by D. H. Lawrence, that is, a paradox in human life. On the one hand, most of us want to win or succeed in life, and no one wants to be a loser. On the hand, “the devil has “best gone out of life where he rides his rocking horse to find a winner,”which means that a winner is most likely to be the target of devil is after. This symbolically suggests that the winner will eventually end up with destruction.

Example

He is called by thy name,

For he calls himself a Lamb:

He is meek & he is mild

He became a little child:

I a childe & thou a Lamb

We are called by his name.

Question: What is suggested by the unity reached among “I”, “Lamb” and “He”?

Answer: The Lamb, He (Jesus) and I (the symbol of human beings) are all creation of God because the three share the same feature of mildness, meekness (humility) and obedience, which God requires of his creations. This the unity upon which we three have reached,

Example

To sleep—perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub!

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There’s the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

Answer: The consideration that we don’t know what would happen after our death makes us rather endure the long suffering in life than to commit suicide.

英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s

科目三考试技巧和注意事项

科目三考试技巧和注意事项 江湖传言，一旦考过科目三，江湖新增老司机。 说的简单，可正真成为一名合格的老司机实属不易。回想学车路径，感慨颇深。今天大家分享科目三的那点事。 武功秘诀 任何事情都可以去寻找学习方法和有效途径，当然并不是走捷径。科目三的武功秘诀，总结起来就是：一灯二起三路线四注意。 科目三路考

1.做上车检查的时候，一定要看看灯光，按一下双闪，注意是不是开了远光 灯没有注意到。 2.什么情况开远光，说白了就是太黑没有灯看不远的时候，具体说进入无照 明或照明不良的道路行驶，需要开远光灯。 3.闪灯是提醒的意思，超车的时候需要提醒前面，你开的太慢了，我要超车 了，请注意。通过急弯、坡路、拱桥、人行横道或者没有交通信号灯控制的路口也是一样，闪灯两下，提醒注意安全。 4.危险指示灯就不是提醒了还是警告?。可能车子有问题或者其他突然状 况，需要路边临时停车，警示别车注意避让。 5.复位就是当听到下一个指令时，先必须复位到近光灯，然后才能操作。 灯光组 二、起步 起步，应该说两次起步。每次考完教练问我挂哪里了？我总是弱弱的说：车都没有开出门！这一个环节很重要，一旦失误，悔之晚矣。如果顺利，信心大增，可能一鼓作气拿下考试。我们说分解动作就是：上车检查、灯光、靠边停车。

1.上车前，绕车一周。从驾驶位开始-车左后-车右后-车右前-车左前，同时 按下车子四个角上的感应按钮，然后上车。 2.上车后，座椅、后视镜、安全带、档位、离合、刹车、灯光逐一检查。 3.验证指纹，开始听语音完成模拟夜间灯光考试。 4.请起步（第一次）：打左灯，挂一档，松手刹、松离合，对箭头、打右灯， 到达位置停车，空档手刹。 5.请起步（第二次）：打左灯，挂一档，松手刹、松离合。注意方向可以向 左边多打一点，防止压线。然后一档前进，进行下一个动作。 起步：一个字-稳 三、路线： 可能不止一条，所以我们也好花时间精力去认真的记。

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),

2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B

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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

济南驾考科目三考试内容及通过技巧

1. 上车前 （1）在右车门外，汇报“报告考官，请检查身份证！”，并将挡案和身份证交予考官。 （2）考官允许“开始考试”后，从车前绕行。 （3）在车子左前角处停留3-5 秒，观察车子前后路况，观察完毕继续绕行； （4）绕至车子右后角处停留3-5 秒，观察车子前后路况，观察完毕继续绕行； （5）绕至车左前角处停留3-5 秒，观察车子前后路况，观察完毕绕至车门； （6）在车门外向后观察路况，向考官请示“报告考官，请求上车” ，再次向后观察路况，无意外则开车门； （7）车门打开后，再次向后观察路 况，无意外方可上车。 抬起、档位处于空挡，观察左右后视镜，摆头幅度要大，调整车内后视镜，踏踩离合，转动钥匙至STAR T启动发动机。 3.模拟夜间灯光考试 现在进行夜间模拟考试（动作：打开前照灯）听到语音提示后，请在5s 内完成动作：（如仪表盘显示当前为远光，先变换成近光）。 （1）夜间在没有路灯，或照明条件不良的情况下行驶 动作：变为远光灯 （2）请把前照灯换成远光灯 动作：将前照灯变为远光灯（已为远光则不用操作） （3）夜间同方向近距离跟车行驶 动作：开近光灯 （4）夜间与机动车会车 2. 上车后准备 动作：开近光灯 调座椅，扎安全带，确认手刹已经 5）夜间通过坡路、拱桥、弯路、

动作：交替使用远近光灯两次，开 近光灯 （6）夜间超越前方车辆 动作：交替使用远近光灯两次，开 近光灯 （7）夜间在道路上发生故障，难以 移动 动作：开启示廓灯、危险报警闪光 灯 （8）夜间在路边临时停车 动作：开启示廓灯、危险报警闪光 灯 （9）雾天行驶 动作：开启雾灯、危险报警闪光灯 （10）夜间考试完毕，请关闭所有 灯光 示：报告老师，各仪表工作正常请求起步。 听到指令后，挂1 档，开启左转向灯，鸣喇叭，拉下手刹，侧头观看左侧后视镜，观察后方路况，确认安全后，轻轻抬起离合器，车辆起步后，应立即再次踏下离合器，更换为 2 档，在最右侧车道（第一条车道）行进，根据速度到20变为3档，30 后变为 4 档，35后变为5 档。 考官发出变更车道指令后，开启左转向灯3s，观察左后视镜，确认后方路况安全后，稍微转动方向盘，当车头左侧进入到变更车道内后，回正方向盘。在变更车道内直线行驶后，关闭转向灯，提速行驶。 注意：（1）前方有障碍时，不需要考官发出变更车道指令，即可直接变更到第二车道； （2）前方道路为右转车道，不需要 人行横道、没有交通信号灯控制的路口再检查各仪表工作情况后向考官请 考官发出变更车道指令，即可在进入实

(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】

小车科目三考试技巧

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