新标准大学英语4unit 4 key

Unit 4

Active reading (1)

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 the action or process of buying or selling something (transaction)

2 to some degree, but not completely or extremely (fairly)

3 a written or spoken statement in which someone says that they are not satisfied with something

(complaint)

4 to inform someone officially about something (notify)

5 happy and satisfied with your life (contented)

6 information that makes people notice a person, product etc (publicity)

7 to fail to do something that would have been helpful or honest (omit)

8 very expensive, and therefore available only to people who have a lot of money (exclusive)

9 difficult or impossible to exist or do something without (indispensable)

10 to trick someone by behaving in a dishonest way (deceive)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

If you’re going to study in the UK, a bank account is (1) indispensible. That’s because for(2) transactions involving large sums of money you need to pay by bank transfer, or by cheque. It’s(3) fairly obvious you can’t carry large amounts of cash around with you all the time. So you need to choose a bank. And that’s not easy, because these days you hear more (4) complaints than appreciation of the services they provide. They all spend a lot of money on (5) publicity trying to attract students, whom

they see as an investment for their own future. Some of them offer (6) exclusive free gifts like designer T-shirts or stylish pens to secure your custom. But do n’t be (7) deceived by these offers. A (8) contented customer is someone who knows they can rely on their bank to (9) notify them when conditions change, and not to (10) omit to tell them when interest rates on overdrafts or credit card repayments have been increased.

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 My car is very inexpensive to run – it uses LPG instead of petrol. (economical)

2 When I saw Brian in his new sports car I felt a bit unhappy that he had something which I didn’t have.(jealous)

3 Our relationship is not serious or deep; we just say hello to each other when we meet, and that’s it.(superficial)

4 You’re likely to have a lot of repayments to make if you go on spending like that. (liable)

5 I like this coffee. It has a rather different and easy-to-recognize taste. (distinctive)

6 We have exchanged a number of letters about the best way to pay back the debt. (correspondence)

7 The important thing is to exercise some self-control when using a credit card.

(restraint)

8 It reminds me of that lovely story about the evil giant who turns out to be afraid of his own shadow.(delightful; wicked)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

Bababaaaa

Active reading (2)

The Key to Wedded Bliss? Money matters

3 Work in pairs. Check (?) the advice which is given to couples.

34578

4 Choose the best answer to the questions.

Badadd

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 a system of words, numbers or signs used for sending secret messages (code)

2 a senior manager in a business or other organization (executive)

3 a husband or wife (spouse)

4 rich and successful (prosperous)

5 a major benefit (asset)

6 felt or done in the same way by each of two or more people (mutual)

7 likely to have a good relationship because of being similar, or able to exist together (compatible)

8 having an extremely close relationship (intimate)

9 to be an expert in a particular part of a subject or profession (specialize)

10 money that you have saved in a bank or invested so that you can use it later (savings)

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

1 Ken Hu is now an executive in a company which specializes in giving advice to private investors.

2 Although the programme was compatible with my computer, the instructions were written in code, so I was unable to understand anything.

3 It is obviously an asset to a marriage if each spouse has a sensible attitude towards money.

4 Let’s try to create a more prosperous future by planning ahead and agreeing on mutual goals.

5 We are intimate friends, but I don’t know how many savings they have in the bank.

7 Answer the questions about the words.

Aaababaa

8 Answer the questions about the phrases.

Baabaabb

Language in use

1 Write the verbs which mean:

1 to take people somewhere by bus (bus)

2 to write a text message to someone (text)

3 to go to parties and have fun eating, drinking, dancing etc (party)

4 to convert a cheque into cash (cash)

5 to pass something int o someone’s hands (hand)

6 to give someone something as a gift (gift)

7 to put money into the bank (bank)

2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs you formed in Activity 1.

1 I’m afraid I can’t cash this for you, it hasn’t been signed.

2 Did you expect them to gift you the computer instead of getting you to pay for it?

3 After the match they bussed us all home.

4 I will text you as soon as I get to the station.

5 She handed me a copy of the report before the start of the meeting.

6 I advise you to bank all that money lying on your desk.

7 I’m exhausted. I’ve spent the whole of this week partying and having a good time. prone / liable / subject + to

3 Rewrite the sentences using prone / liable / subject + to .

1 The train is often delayed on Sunday evenings.

The train is liable to delays on Sunday evenings. (There are staffing problems at weekends, especially on Sunday evenings.)

The train is subject to delays on Sunday evenings. (There are particular regulations about Sunday travel.)

2 Zak is a child who often has accidents.

Zak is a child who is prone to accidents. (They are not his fault, he just seems accident-prone.)

Zak is liable to have accidents. (He is careless and just doesn’t listen to advice about safety.)

3 She frequently gets headaches.

She is prone to headaches. (She will see a doctor to see if there is a medical reason but we don’t know the cause yet.)

She is liable to get headaches. (Because those young children next door make so much noise.)

4 The loan requires a check on your financial situation.

The loan is subject to a check on your financial situation. (This is a legal requirement or a company regulation.)

5 Joe is a person who often arrives late.

Joe is liable to arrive late. (That’s Joe for you; you know him – never even tries to arrive on time!)

Joe is prone to arrive late. (He lives near the river and the road is often flooded during this season so he may have to go by another route which takes much longer.)

6 She may well break the rules in order to get what she wants.

She is liable to break the rules to get what she wants. (She doesn’t care about rules and she is rather selfish and ambitious.)

where

4 Rewrite the sentences using where .

1 We may get to a situation in which rising taxes make it hard to be profitable.

We may get to a situation where rising taxes make it hard to be profitable.

2 This is the point with which I disagree.

This is a point where I disagree.

3 My internship was an interesting experience during which I learnt how to deal with customers.

My internship was an interesting experience where I learnt how to deal with customers.

4 This is the point in the year at which they usually give everyone a bonus.

This is a point in the year where they usually give everyone a bonus.

5 Many people are now in a situation in which they cannot pay their debts.

Many people are now in a situation where they cannot pay their debts.

6 I work in an office in which everyone feels at home.

I work in an office where everyone feels at home.

collocations

5 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one

collocation is possible.

1 We were pushed out of the market by the tough competition.

2 All he really wants is a steady job to provide him with a regular income.

3 You made a smart decision when you left that company.

4 He’s been having a rather tough time lately, since he lost his job.

5 We use smart technology throughout the building. Everything is controlled by a central computer.

6 You’ve made a really valuable contribution to our organization, and we will miss you.

7 She gave me the most valuable advice about investments that I have ever had.

8 There is a dress code in most banks, and you will be expected to wear smart clothes.

9 Theirs is a very steady relationship. I ex pect they’ll get married quite soon.

6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

如今，尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的

结合。不管是选择工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的——或不想得到的——许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对一些人来说，就是一周工作80小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费；对另一些人来说，意味着缩短上班时间，花更多的时间陪伴家人。

―有关钱的许多争论都事关生活方式的原则问题，而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。‖宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐·史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。

专家们说，夫妻一起共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然，如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似，或者至少能够在钱的问题上相互妥协，那么

事情就好办多了。

7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty.

No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money for organizing activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. I’m afraid this won’t be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of relying only on university grants and membership fees.

有一件事我得坦白。几年前，我排队为家人取戏票时，我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。我拿到了戏票，用信用卡付了帐，对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。然后就轮到她付款了，整个交易进行得和我的一样顺利，但我的高兴劲儿很快就变成了莫大的羞耻：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的黑蓝色，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。

她是怎样弄到金卡的？怎么会这样呢？我知道我挣的比她多，我的车比她的车新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢？

我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作——即不太安定的工作，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。我是通过按揭贷款买的房子，可那会儿谁买房不贷款呢？我每个月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，虽然从技术上讲我欠过信用卡公司的钱，但只是欠几个星期而已。所以我认为我的信用等级应该很高。

你可以说我肤浅，我也不感到自豪。但就在当时当地我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我决定不要蓝色信用卡了，我要一张金卡。金卡突然变得不可或缺，它让我自我感觉良好，让别人觉得我更有魅力。

于是，我去信用卡公司申请最特别、最耀眼的金卡。

可是，我的申请被拒了。

过了几秒钟，我才从这个打击中回过神来，我问为什么。显然，因为我每次都按时全额付清信用卡欠债，所以我不是他们想要的那种金卡客户，他们的目标客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动，有潜在信用风险，经不住诱惑超支消费，经常延期还款的人。这样他们才有机会收取更多的利息，挣更多的钱，这就是他们的经营之道。

这能够解释为什么信用卡公司会用超低利率诱惑像我们家孩子那样的贫穷大学生吗?

三个星期前，我的二女儿回家过周末。她在读大一第二学期。和她的大多数朋友一样，她借了三千英镑的学生贷款，并从她可怜的妈妈（哈！）那里得到小小的一笔生活费，用于支付交通、书本及其他生活费用。她穿的衣服是从当地的慈善二手店买来的，平时很少出门。她拥抱了我( 以前从不这样做)，然后说：―妈妈，我有事要跟您商量。‖

―亲爱的，什么事啊？都说出来让我听听。‖。

―我申请了一张信用卡，需要保证人，我可以填您的名字吗? 非常感谢，妈妈，我得赶快走啦，再见。‖

我费了好大劲儿才把她从外面拽了回来。原来她的银行来信告诉她说：她可以申请一张三个月试用期内低息贷款的信用卡，只要合适……云云。她的银行！我才不相信他们！他们甚至比我更清楚她一贫如洗。

这里存在一个严重的问题：准确地说这种卡应该叫欠债卡，他们为什么要称它们为信用卡？

还有一个故事更严重。我一个朋友的女儿凯丽在大学攻读现代语言，其中有一年要到国外交流。在出国交流那一年的某段时间，由于程序上的变动，凯丽的银行切断了她在英国之外访问帐户资金的权限。通过书信同银行交涉的时间相当长，未能即时访问帐户资金使得她欠了银行的债，欠款额超过了透支额度（1500 英镑）200 多英镑。

凯丽回国后，银行因为她超支扣了她100 英镑，并坚持要她每月支付30 英镑，以使她的超支数额回到透支额度之内。但他们没有告诉她，每月支付30 英镑并不是偿清欠款，而是支付超额支出的巨额利息。

因此凯丽不得不求助于信用卡，在这之前她对信用卡的使用一直非常小心谨慎。由于她是学生，又因为她很少使用信用卡，自然她的信用额度就比较低。

毫不奇怪，她甚至无法偿还信用卡账单里的最小还款数。所以她不仅欠银行手续费，而且还欠信用卡的债务及利息。当然，她因此被银行登记为信用风险高的人。

事情越来越糟。大学最后一年刚过几个月，银行通知她：她的透支额度由1500 英镑减少到1000英镑，他们让她申请学生贷款来填补缺口。可是，贷款公司检查她的银行信用时发现了她的信用卡债务。

猜猜怎么着？她没有申请到学生贷款。

凯丽是个讨人喜欢的孩子，消费节制有度，生活节俭。她并没有疯狂刷卡买鞋，也没有把信用卡当成时髦玩意儿（不像我），她只是用信用卡购买生存所必需的食品。

结果怎样呢？结果是：她不得不退学。

我希望凯丽的故事会有个好的结果，也许会有好结果。现在，她在当地的一家超

市工作，等她还清债务后可能会继续完成大学学业。

这就是银行的所作所为。他们常常利用我们的虚荣和贪婪，有时也利用我们生存的基本需求给我们设下陷阱。等我们掉进陷阱时，他们会大喊：―抓住你啦！你当初没想到这是个陷阱吧？‖

这就是我们现在的处境：随着世界经济一落千丈，我们都处在信贷危机之中。所有这一切都是因为邪恶的银行家通过大量广告推销他们压根就不存在的贷款来吸引我们，设圈套让我们钻。现在真相大白了：他们也在用自己手中金光闪闪的金卡借钱！

我有一个破解信用卡圈套的办法，各位且听我细细道来。__

我要你们把所有的信用卡拿来排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它们剪成碎片，然后把碎片装进信封寄回银行，附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）写上：―我信任你，可你却欺骗了我。你让全世界的人都钻进了这个荒谬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了两半，除掉你从像我这样的老实人身上骗钱的潜力，也许也该让你来体验一下身无分文的滋味了。‖

至于我本人，我再也不用信用卡了，再也不要身份的象征了，再也不用费心思去炫耀我比别人优越多少了。我再也不会渴望我无力购买或我无法得到的东西了。

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Passage 1 1.2 2. 6 3.1 4.5 5.3 6.4 to Passage 1 again and rearrange the answers in the right column to match those questions in the left column. Ceahbgdf Passage 2 OC/O/C/O/C/C/O/C/O/OC to Passage 2 again and choose the best way to complete the sentences BDDBA Test CCBBD CDBCB C Unie 2 Outside view Activity 1 the video clip and match the speakers with the statements. K/K/T/S/T/K/S/K Activity 2

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2.Listen to Passage 2 again and choose the best way to complete the sentences BDDBA Test CCBBD CDBCB C

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Catching Crabs 1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. the relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. 大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 2 But there was something else. At the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time. It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood.The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank, local government, or anything which would pay them enough to have a comfortable time in their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion. 还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。但大多数同学不是准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过安稳日子。 3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, mybrothers and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I didn't know what to say. Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what everyone else was thinking of doing. 感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该

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新一代大学英语综合教程 1 期末考试答案打印版 UNIT 1 .2、Indeed, we might feel as if we are suddenly awash in friends. Yet right before our eyes, we're also changing the way we conduct relationships. Face-to-face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging; people even prefer these electronic exchanges to, for instance, simply talking on a phone.Smaller circles of friends are being partially eclipsed by Facebook acquaintances routinely numbered in the hundreds. Amid these smaller trends, growing research suggests we could be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship. Where is all this leading modern-day society? Perhaps to a dark place, one where electronic stimuli slowly replace the joys of human contact.确实如此，我们似乎感到突然之间好友数量井喷。不过，我们眼前也正在改变为人处世的方式。面对面的聊天正在被短信取代；相比打个电话，人们甚至更愿意使用这些电子交流方式。脸谱网上的熟人圈儿动辄数百人，相比之下，现实生活中规模较小的朋友圈则显得黯淡少光。在这些较细微的趋势中，越来越多的研究表明友谊的整个概念正在遭受危机，而我们也许正在一步步地迈向这个危机时代。所有这一切要把现代社会引向何方？也许现代社会就此陷入黑暗深渊，在这个深渊里，人与人之间交往的乐趣慢慢地被电子诱惑所取代。 8、No single person is at fault, of course. The pressures on friendship today are broad. They arise from the demands of work, say, or a general busyness that means we have less quality time for others. How many individuals would say that friendship is the most important thing in their lives, only to move thousands of miles across the continent to take up a better-paid job?当然，这并不是某个人的错。如今，交友压力来自方方面面。比如来自工作压力，或是整天瞎忙，无法和他人享有高质量的沟通时间。有人嘴上说友谊是生命中最重要的东西，却为了一份收入颇丰的工作远赴千里之外。这样的人还少吗？ 9、Of course, we learn how to make friends —or not —in our most formative years, as children. Recent studies on childhood, and how the contemporary life of the child affects friendships, are illuminating. Again, the general mood is one of concern, and a central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what is called "unstructured time."当然，我们是在性格成型的最重要的孩提时期学会如何结交朋友或是如何断交。最近，关于儿童期和儿时生活对交友的影响的研究很有启发性。这些研究再一次关注了风气这个问题，其主要结论都与孩子缺少―计划外时间‖有关。 10、Structured time results from the way an average day is parceled up for our kids — time for school, time for homework, time for music practice, even time for play. Yet too often today, no period is left unstructured. After all, who these days lets his child just wander off down the street? But that is precisely the kind of fallow time so vital for deeper friendships. It's then that we simply "hang out," with no tasks, no deadlines and no pressures. It is in those moments that children and adults alike can get to know others for who they are in themselves. ―计划内时间‖源自每一天的时间安排方式，何时上学，何时完成家庭作业，何时进行音乐训练，甚至何时玩耍，一股脑儿的塞给孩子。然而，再寻常不过的是，没有任何一个时段是没有安排的。毕竟，现在谁还会让自己的孩子在街上闲逛呢？但是，恰恰就是这种―无所事事‖的时间对于深厚的交情至关重要。在这个时间段，我们只是闲逛，没有任务，没有最后期限，没有任何压力。就在这些时候，孩子也罢，成人也罢，才能真正了解同行之人。 12、Aristotle had an attractive expression to capture the thought: close friends, he observed, "share salt together." It's not just that they sit together, passing the salt across the meal table. It's that they sit with one another across the course of their lives, sharing its savor — its moments, bitter and sweet. "The desire for friendship comes quickly; friendship does not," Aristotle also remarked. It's a key insight for an age of instant social connectivity, though one in which we paradoxically have an apparently growing need to be more deeply connected.亚 里士多德曾经这样表达此意，妙不可言。他 说，亲密的朋友，是―一起吃盐的朋友‖。他 并不是说朋友们坐在一起，在饭桌上把盐传 来传去。他的意思是朋友们共享人生经历， 分享各种滋味，苦的，甜的。亚里士多德还 说过―交友的想法常常匆匆而至，但是真正的 友情往往姗姗来迟。‖这对于当今这个时代来 说是一种重要的真知灼见。因为，在这个时 代里，虽然人们能迅速建立关系，不过我们 反倒越发觉得需要更深一步结识他人。 UNIT 26、With persistence and practice, such a process can lead to lasting results. I know one Wall Street executive who sought to improve his empathy –specifically his ability to read people’s reactions and their perspectives. Before beginning his quest, the executive’s subordinates were terrified of working with him. People even went so far as to hide bad news from him. Naturally, he was shocked when finally confronted with these facts. He went home and told his family – but they only confirmed what he had heard at work. When their opinions on any given subject did not mesh with his, they, too, were frightened of him.只要坚持并不断实践，这样的过程能够 带来持久的结果。我认识一位华尔街的主管， 他想方设法提高自己的同理心。具体一点就 是读懂对方的反应，了解对方的看法。在开 始努力寻求改变之前，这位主管的下属惧怕 与其一起工作。人们甚至对他隐瞒坏消息。 最终面对这些情况时，他自己自然大吃一惊。 回家后，他告诉家人——但家人更肯定了他 在单位听到的一切。无论什么话题，如果家 人的观点未能与之吻合，他们也会害怕他。 7、Enlisting the help of a coach, the executive went to work to heighten his empathy through practice and feedback. His first step was to take a vacation to a foreign country where he did not speak the language. While there, he monitored his reactions to the unfamiliar and his openness to people who were different from him. When he returned home, humbled by his week abroad, the executive asked his coach to shadow him for parts of the day, Several times a week, in order to critique how he treated people with new or different perspectives. At the same time, he consciously used on-the-job interactions as opportunities to practice ―hearing‖ ideas that differed from his. Finally, the executive had himself videotaped in meetings and asked those who worked for and with him to critique his ability to acknowledge and understand the feelings of others. It took several months, but the executive’s emotional intelligence did ultimately rise, and the improvement was reflected in his overall performance on the job.这位主管向私人教师 寻求帮助，他回到工作岗位，通过实践和别 人的反馈来提高自己的同理心。首先，他到 一个语言不通的国家去度假。在异国他乡， 他审视自己面对不熟悉事物的反应以及对异 族人群的开放性。返回家乡时，一周的国外 生活已使他丢掉了所有的高傲，这位主管让 私人教师一周跟踪自己几天，每天跟踪自己 几个时段，以此评价自己对持新观点或不同 观点人的态度。同时，他还有意识地利用工 作现场与人交往的机会来实践―倾听‖异己观 点。最后，主管还让人拍摄他开会时的表现， 让下属以及合作伙伴评价自己承认并理解他 人感情的能力。这个过程持续数月，但最终， 主管的情商确实提高了，并在他的整体工作 表现上体现了出来。 8 It’s important to emphasize that building one’s emotional intelligence cannot – will not – happen without sincere desire and concerted effort. A brief seminar won’t help; nor can one buy a how-to manual. It is much harder to learn to empathize –to internalize empathy as a natural response to people –than it is to become adept at regression analysis. But it can be done. ―Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm,‖ wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. If your goal is to become a real leader, these words can serve as a guidepost in your efforts to develop high emotional intelligence.需要强调的是，没有真诚的愿望 和竭尽全力的付出，培养情商是不可能的， 也不会有结果。一场简短的研讨会起不了作 用，实用操作手册也无法买到。要使同理心 内化为对别人的一种自然反应，才算是获得 了同理心，这比擅于回归分析要难得多。但 获得同理心也是能做到的。拉尔夫·沃尔 多·爱默生写道：―没有热情，就不可能取得 任何伟大的业绩。‖如果你的目标是成为一位 真正的领袖，这句话可以激励你不断努力， 提高情商。 UNIT 32、First, science is practiced by special people with a specific view of the world. Scientists try to be objective, unsentimental and unemotional. They do not let their feelings get in the way of their observations of real things, facts, as they call them. They often work in laboratories or in other areas where they can carefully control what they are working on. They do not just wander out onto the dock at sunset and look at the world with wonder, as a poet might. Ideally, they are also both honest and check them out and then utilize them in their findings so others can check them out and then utilize them in their own work. They do not claim more than they can prove, and often even less. But they are very proud of their calling and prefer to talk to other scientists rather than anybody else, especially poets, who tend to make them feel uncomfortable, to put them down.(Of course poets also feel scientists return the favor.)首 先，从事科学工作的是特殊的一类人，他们 具有特定的世界观。科学家努力保持客观、 理性，不感情用事，不会让感情妨碍他们观 察他们所说的实物和事实。科学家常常在实 验室或者他们能够严格控制研究对象的场所 工作。他们不会像诗人那样，在日落时去码 头闲逛，惊奇地观赏这个世界。典型的科学 家既朴实，又谦恭。他们总是尽量客观地汇 报他们的科学发现，以便别人能够证实并在 工作中加以运用。他们不会对自己不能证明 的事物妄加断言，甚至常常连自己能够证明 的也不去多说。然而，他们对―科学家‖这一 称谓引以为傲，更喜欢彼此相互交流，而不 太愿意和其他人交流，尤其是和诗人，因为 诗人总让他们感觉不自在，且常贬低他们。 （当然了，科学家在诗人眼里也不过如此。） 3、Second, science deals almost exclusively with things, not ideas or feelings, and with the external world and its workings, not inner states and their workings, despite the effort of some psychologists to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be a part of the external world; the soul is not. Therefore, scientists work to understand the body but not the soul. Most scientists doubt the soul exists. The solar system and the universe are also part of the external world, although we have little enough direct evidence of their mode of existence. Scientists tend to assume the basic conditions of nature on Earth are the same everywhere in the cosmos.其次，科学的 研究对象基本上仅限于事物，而非思想或者 情感，仅限于外部世界及其运作，而非内在 状态及其运作，尽管一些心理学家也试图让 自己的工作具备或者显得有科学性。人体被 认为是外部世界的一部分，而人的灵魂则不 然。因此，科学家探索的是人的肌体，而不 是灵魂。大部分科学家怀疑灵魂的存在。太 阳系和宇宙也是外部世界的一部分，虽然我 们没有充足的直接证据来证明它们的存在模 式。科学家往往认为，地球上自然界的基本 状况无论在宇宙的何处都是一样的。 4、Mankind is only questionably part of the external world in this sense. Scientists are generally reluctant to deal with the behavior of large groups of men and women. Thus economists, for example, struggle to be considered scientists, but usually in vain. The external world of scientists contains some things, like quanta, quarks and quasars, that are