北京市丰台区2018届高三英语一模试题

丰台区2018年高三年级第二学期综合练习（一）

英语

2018. 03

本试卷满分共120分考试时间100分钟

注意事项：

1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。

2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。

3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

4. 请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。

笔试（共三部分120分）

第一部分知识运用（共两节45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. Teenagers get less and less sleep, them at a higher risk of physical

and mental health problems.

A. putting

B. put

C. to put

D. being put

2. —Isn’t that Ann’s brother over there?

—No. It be him. He never wears glasses.

A. won’t

B. must not

C. can’t

D. may not

3. A splendid eight-minute show on Beijing at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics.

A. staged

B. will be staged

C. had staged

D. was staged

4. Jack is determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.

A. so that

B. in case

C. even though

D. as if 5. —Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.

— Great! I for this for months.

A. will wait

B. have been waiting

C. was waiting

D. waited

6. —A bookbar is being built near our school.

—Yes. It is said that the bar soon.

A. has opened

B. will open

C. would open

D. opened

7. Beijing plans to build its first bicycle lane connects a residential area with a business center.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. where

8. Travel Frog by a Japanese game studio has become a hit in China.

A. to be created

B. created

C. being created

D. creating

9. In a meeting, Xi Jinping shared a story on his parents passed down

important moral values to him.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. when

10. students to exercise, a university in Wuhan recently launched a fitness

app.

A. To encourage

B. Having encouraged

C. Encouraged

D. Encouraging

11. —Our country is developing at an amazing speed!

—Yes. This is makes me feel so proud.

A. which

B. why

C. where

D. what

12. —Thank you for reminding me of the time，otherwise I late yesterday.

—Don’t men tion it.

A. had been

B. would have been

C. should be

D. would be

13. Information technology is taught in most schools, we have entered

the information society.

A. so

B. while

C. and

D. for

14. In the UK the clocks forward 1 hour at 1am on the last Sunday in

March, and back 1 hour at 2am on the last Sunday in October.

A. went

B. are going

C. go

D. have gone

15. I t’s important for a girl to know what colors look good her skin．

A. at

B. on

C. above

D. against

Mehndi 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Yasmeen’s Mehndi

Mrs. Cross, Yasmeen’s social study teacher, announced,

“Boys and girls, you have been learning about worl d customs.

Be ready to 16 one of your family’s customs, tomorrow.”

After school, Yasmeen dragged her backpack along, thinking about the day’s 17 . “I’m the only Indian student in my class,” she thought, “what will everyone think about my

family’s customs?”

At home, Yasmeen was 18 . She opened the kitchen door and saw her mother busily crushing henna leaves.

“Ready for the 19 tonight?” Mother smiled.

Yasmeen shrugged(耸肩). Normally, she’d be excited when her aunts, uncles and cousins came to 20 the end of the ninth month of the Islamic year. This holy month is observed with prayers and fasting(斋戒) during daylight hours.

Later, Yasmeen explored the house, trying to get a(an) 21 for her assignment. She 22 her father’s Koran. She flipped through the worn pages of her father’s holy book. Maybe I’ll take this to school, she thought. But the Koran isn’t a 23 .

Maybe I’ll wear my salwar(沙丽) to school. Wrong! Everybody might 24 me. Tears filled Yasmeen’s eyes as she tried to figure out 25 to share.

Yasmeen walked into the 26 again and watched Mother stir henna powder into a smooth paste, to be used at the party.

That night all the girls 27 their glittering dresses gathered around the sofa to have their hands 28 with Mehndi(henna paste).

It was Yasmeen’s 29 . Mother drew tiny flower patterns on her hands. Seconds later, “That’s it,” Yasmeen shouted out , “Mehndi!”

“On special Muslim holidays,” Yasmeen 30 the next day at school, “i t’s an Indian 31 to paint women’s hands with M ehndi designs.” Yasmeen 32 displayed the design on her hands. She also held up a bowl of crushed henna leaves for the class to see and then described how her mother prepared henna paste.

“ 33 you paint me a M ehndi design?” All her classmates held out their hands.

Yasmeen’s eyes moistened. She had always thought that Mehndi was only something 34 in her own country, but now she was far too glad to see this ancient art on hands 35 by people of different cultures.

16. A. learn B. share C. name D. follow 17. A. lessons B. routines C. assignment D. meeting 18. A. excited B. surprised C. annoyed D. downhearted 19. A. decoration B. class C. party D. housework 20. A. celebrate B. attend C. complete D. greet 21. A. place B. question C. opinion D. idea 22. A. found B. packed C. read D. heard 23. A. fashion B. custom C. competition D. dream 24. A. talk about B. play with C. laugh at D. argue with 25. A. how B. why C. when D. what

26. A. garden B. balcony C. kitchen D. living-room 27. A. in B. over C. on D. at 28. A. painted B. washed C. wrapped D. wiped 29. A. right B. turn C. plan D. duty 30. A. showed B. explained C. persuaded D. informed 31. A. legend B. goal C. belief D. tradition 32. A. bravely B. secretly C. proudly D. vividly 33. A. Should B. Could C. May D. Must 34. A. understood B. provided C. believed D. valued 35. A. admired

B. influenced

C. inherited

D. spread

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节 40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

I was on a tour of Italy with my friends. Our car pulled to a stop at the beach. I got out, carrying my guitar and saw the blue sea. I shuddered. Nothing scared me as much as water. Thirteen years earlier, I climbed up to the diving board at a city pool and suddenly I dropped into water. The next thing I knew was that my brother was

pulling me out. From then on, I stayed away from water.

Just then I heard shouting in Italian. That was a little boy out there in the sea! His head popped up, then a wave crashed over him and he disappeared. My friends were still on the beach. I was the only one who was on the fastest way to reach the drowning boy. Yet I was as frightened as he. I forced myself to move.

I whirled around, hoping that some strong-armed swimmer would come to help the boy. No one was there. Sucking in a deep breath, I threw myself into the water. As soon as I went under it, I felt like I was back in that city pool, breathless, struggling. Salt stung my eyes. Focus, I shouted in my head. Where is he? Then I saw it—a thin arm waving weakly a few yards away. I tried to think of how I’d seen real swimmers do it. I threw my arms out in front of me one after the other.

I reached the boy and grabbed his arms just as he sank below the surface. I pulled as hard as I could, and he popped back up, coughing, eyes wide with terror. Only one Italian word came to mind. “Riposo.” I told the boy. If he struggled, I’d never get him to safety. “Riposo.” I said again. He relaxed.

I held him and fought to get us back to land. And I realized that I was no longer afraid. Not at all. I knew how terrified I got at the mere sight of water. Yet the absence of fear was absolutely miraculous.

36. Thirteen years earlier, the author .

A. learned to play the guitar

B. fell in love with diving

C. survived a flood

D. nearly drowned

37. When the author jumped into the water, he felt .

A. terrified

B. powerful

C. disappointed

D. regretful

38. The Italian word “Riposo” probably means “”.

A. Close your eyes

B. Hold your breath

C. Keep awake

D. Stop moving

39. The best title of the passage is .

A. With Hope

B. Beyond Fear

C. In Return

D. Under Pressure

B

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I want to begin by telling you about some people I know.

Martin McLeod, 94-year old, is still in good health, but no longer drives. When he goes to the doctor or the grocery store, someone must pick him up.

Emily Sanders, a university student, has to ride a bike across town to school every day because she can’t afford a car or the expensive rent near the university. One day in January, while riding down Chatula Street, she broke her ankle. She ended up dropping out of school because of no transportation.

Martin and Emily are people who would benefit if our city invested in a more comprehensive public transportation system. But they are not the only ones, for I am convinced that you, too, would benefit. Let me explain why.

Consi der first the cost. Let’s say Hannah buys a used car for $10,000 and uses it for ten years. She spends $1,000 per year just to own it. She easily spends $4,000 per year on insurance, gas, parking, safety inspections, tune-ups and repairs. Suppose, however, the city public transportation could cost Hannah less than $300 a year.

2017 city report says that we have more than 700,000 cars on the road every day. Multiply Hannah by 700,000, and the cost of driving cars begins to look pretty amazing! If everyone took public transportation, we would put over $2.5 billion back into the pocketbooks of our citizens.

Besides, public transportation would greatly improve the quality of life. It helps the environment, reduces traffic and the need for parking and so on.

All these reasons and more scream for us to invest in a public transportation system, but certainly there is a cost. The rail and bus systems require vehicles and staff to run. This part of the cost can be borne through user fees. Also much of the remaining cost can be offset by reducing the need to construct new roads. When all is said and done, then, the final, real cost of a public transportation system is less than you might think.

So, here is the situation. Our city needs to invest in public

transportati on. Isn’t this really something you need to think over?

40. With the examples of Martin and Emily, the speaker wants to show .

A. the danger of traffic

B. the age groups of drivers

C. the demand for public transportation

D. the complaints about transportation means

41. Taking public transportation instead of a car, Hannah may save

per year.

A. $10,000

B. $4,700

C. $4,000

D. $1,000

42. According to the speaker, the public transportation system may .

A. reduce the employment opportunities

B. decrease the chance of dangerous driving

C. bring more benefit without extra expense

D. increase the budget for roads construction

43. The intended audience of the speech are .

A. government officials

B. university students

C. the citizens

D. the elderly

C

In the past many studies placed too much emphasis on how animals are trained to learn. But recently more and more studies have focused on how animals equip themselves to learn.

One study started with a school field trip to a pine

forest where many pine cones were discovered, stripped(剥壳)

to the central core. So the investigation was directed at finding

out what was eating the pine seeds and how they managed to

get them out of the cones. The culprit proved to be the black rat,

and the technique was to bite each cone from base to top, following the growth pattern of the cone.

Urban black rats were found to lack the skill. However, babies of urban mothers cross-fostered by stripper mothers acquired the skill, whereas babies of stripper mothers fostered by an urban mother could not. Clearly the skill had to be learned from the mother. In the case of rats, the youngsters take cones away from the mother when she is still eating them, allowing them to acquire the stripping skill.

Another study, Bird Behaviour, provides a different view of the adaptiveness of social learning. It concerns the seed caching(hiding) behaviour of Clark’s Nutcracker and the Mexican Jay. The former is a specialist, caching about 30,000 seeds in scattered locations that it will recover over the months of winter; the Mexican Jay will also cache food but is much less dependent on this than the Nutcracker. The two species also differ in their social structure: the Nutcracker prefers living alone while, the Jay, in social groups.

The experiment is to discover if a bird can remember where it hid a seed but also if it can remember where it saw another bird hide a seed. The design is funny with a cacher bird hiding food in a room, while watched by a caged observer bird. Two days later, cachers and observers are tested for their discovery rate against estimated random performance(预估随机表现). Both cachers performed above chance. More surprisingly, jay observers were as successful as jay cachers, whereas nutcracker observers did no better than chance. It seems that, whereas the Nutcracker is highly skilled at remembering where it hid its own seeds, the social living Mexican Jay is more adept at remembering, and so making use of, the caches of others.

44. Urban black rats were able to learn to strip when .

A. fed by stripper mothers

B. fostered by urban mothers

C. living with stripper babies

D. eating cones by themselves

45. In Bird Behavior Study, we can conclude that .

A. nutcraker observers perform well in remembering

B. the Clark’s Nutcraker has better learning skills

C. the Mexican Jay benefits from social living

D. jay cachers are only good at hiding food

46. According to the passage, both studies show that

.

A. skills are equipped in childhood

B. skills improve by practice

C. animals study through playing

D. animals learn by examples

pine cone

D

The organic food has gained a lot of popularity as they are being considered as healthier and tastier. A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. But this might not seem well-founded.

Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land, which can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland.

To make farming more efficient, conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertilizer(合成肥料) each year, and all that nitrogen(氮) enables much faster plant growth. However, the cost is paid in vast polluted dead zones at the mouths of many of the world’s rivers, because much of the nitrogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans. This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment.

To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture, improve soil quality as well as produce healthier foods, some farmers have turned to organic farming. Environmentalists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporations. Organic practices—refusing artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticides—are considered far more sustainable. Sales of organic food rose 7.7% in 2010, up to $26.7 billion—and people are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues.

Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than conventional agriculture. This is definitely a downside of organic farming, especially when global population is still growing rapidly.

In the Nature analysis, scientists performed an analysis of 66 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains. They found that organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type, though the difference varied widely. For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetables—all of which provide the world’s main calories—conventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%.

What that means is that while organic farming may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture, there are trade-offs(此消彼长) with each. So an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or conventional practices.

47. The purpose of the passage is to .

A. compare two types of farming

B. criticize conventional agriculture

C. discuss the development of farming

D. argue for a realistic agriculture system

48. According to the passage, conventional farming .

A. produces more crops with fewer fertilizers

B. achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment

C. offers a long-term solution to global demand for food

D. performs far better for each crop type than organic farming

49. The author may agree with .

A. employing organic farming to plant rice

B. adopting organic practices to grow potato

C. using conventional methods to plant cabbage

D. applying conventional farming to growing apple

2017丰台高三一模语文试卷及答案

丰台区2017年高三年级第二学期综合练习（一） 高三语文2017.03 本试卷满分共150分。考试时间150分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写 清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应 选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦涂干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔 书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题、草稿 纸上答题无效。 4.请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。 一、本大题共8小题，共24分。 阅读下面的材料，完成1—8题。 材料一 2011年以来，中国大气污染加重，雾霾覆盖面不断增加，出现时间不断增长，程度不断加深。 有关研究表明：中国近些年大气污染加重的直接原因在于大气主要污染物排放总量及其集聚程度上 升；在工业化速度快的地区，工业废气（二氧化硫、工业烟尘等）是最大的污染源。 工业废气产生量主要集中在中东部几个省市。2013年，工业烟尘产生量排名前五的是河南、山东、山西、河北与江苏。工业二氧化硫产生量前六名是山东、内蒙古、江苏、山西、河北与河南。 2013年12月，中国环境监测总站的全国城市空气质量实时发布平台显示，中国雾霾严重的城市主 要分布在京津冀、河南、山东等地区。其中，京津冀最为严重，除了气候干燥之外，与工业废气污 染源过于集中有很大关系。在地级与副省级城市的工业烟尘产生量排名中，河北的沧州、邯郸．．与石家庄分别排在第一、第二与第六位。中国雾霾严重的地区分布与工业废气的地区集聚、城市集聚状 况非常一致。 导致中国城市工业废气集聚的原因很多，其中，非均衡的工业化是中国城市工业废气集聚最根 本的原因。中国工业化进程中的非均衡主要包括两个方面：首先是工业化的地区不均衡——不同城市与地区之间工业化进程与速度存在很大差异。有的城市与地区已经完成工业化(如上海、北京等城市)，有的处于工业化后期(如武汉、郑州等诸多．．省会城市)，有的尚处于工业化第一阶段(如贵州、云南等落后地区的很多城市)；其次是工业内部结构的不均衡——包括轻重工业比例失调，重工业过度发展，技术含量低、粗放式发展的工业比例过高等。 工业化未完成阶段，工业化的地区不均衡会使得资金、人口与制造业向重点城市（直辖市、省 会城市等）和地区集中，从而导致工业污染源与废气产生量日益集中。工业化的结构不均衡则加速 了工业废气集聚过程，使得工业废气集聚更为迅猛，很容易超过生态环境承载能力，导致大气污染 日益严重。尤为担忧的是，已经完成或接近完成工业化的城市通过结构调整与技术创新等措施不断 降低工业废气产生量，但被调整下来的污染型企业与工业却源源不断地向相对落后、工业化程度相 对较低的城市转移并有了进一步的发展，从而导致工业废气集聚程度居高不下．．．．。

2018年高考英语真题(新课标全国一卷)有答案

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