关于北京的介绍(英文)
and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of
19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. The metropolis, located in northern China, borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and a small section to the east, and Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the national government, Beijing is divided into 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and motorways passing through the city, and the destination of many international flights to China.
Few cities in the world have served as long as the political and cultural centre of an area as immense. Beijing is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been the heart of China’s history for centuries, and there is scarcely a major building of any age in Beijing that does not have at least some national historical significance. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, and huge stone walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have long made it a centre of culture and art in China.
and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of
19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. The metropolis, located in northern China, borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and a small section to the east, and Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the national government, Beijing is divided into 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and motorways passing through the city, and the destination of many international flights to China.
Few cities in the world have served as long as the political and cultural centre of an area as immense. Beijing is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been the heart of China’s history for centuries, and there is scarcely a major building of any age in Beijing that does not have at least some national historical significance. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, and huge stone walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have long made it a centre of culture and art in China.
As the capital of the People's Republic of China, Beijing is located in norther n China, close to Tianjin Municipality and partially surrounded by Hebei Provin ce. The city covers an area of more than 16,410 square kilometers (6336 square miles) and has a population of 14.93 million people.
Beijing is a city with four distinct seasons. Its best is late spring and autum n. But autumn is taken as the golden tourist season of the year since there is sometimes in the spring of recent years, a yellow wind. We suggest tourists vis it Beijing during the months of May, September, and October when people can enj oy bright sunshine and blue skies. An abundance of international class performa nces are presented in May. If you like winter, you will have other chances to a ppreciate another landscape of Beijing. After skiing in Beihai and viewing the snowy sights on West Hill, enjoying the steaming hotpot is the best choice, whi ch is really the fun of tour in Beijing. Please keep warm and remember to bring your down garments and sweaters when you visit Beijing in the winter.
How can one city boast so many phenomenal places? Beijing's long and illustriou s history started some 500,000 years ago. It is here that the ancestors of mode rn Homo sapiens, Peking men, lived in caves. Records show that Beijing has been an inhabited city for more than three thousand years and has endured invasions by warlords and foreign powers, devastating fires, the rise and fall of powerf ul imperial dynasties and has emerged each time as a strong and vibrant city. F or more than 800 years, Beijing was a capital city - from the Yuan Dynasty (127 1 - 1368) to the Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. Thirty-fo ur emperors have lived and ruled the nation in Beijing and it has been an impor tant trading city from its earliest days.
Although now Beijing is a modern and fashionable city complete with a full 21st Century vitality, you can experience authentic Beijing life and become acquain ted with 'old Beijing' by exploring its many teahouses, temple fairs, Beijing's Hutong and Courtyard and enjoy the Peking Opera. Add any or all of these to yo ur Beijing tour and you will leave with a feeling of special appreciation in yo ur heart for this ancient city that has truly seen it all and tells its story w ith matchless grace, charm and vigor.
With the biggest central square in the world - Tian'anmen Square, the Forbidden City that is the largest and best-preserved imperial palace complex, a superbl y preserved section of the Great Wall,as well as the largest sacrificial comple x in the world - the Temple of Heaven, Beijing attracts both domestic and forei gn visitors who all come to wonder at its century-old history and unique cultur al relics.
Dwelling too much on the historical past of Beijing may give tourists the false impression that it is little more than an ancient city in style but this is de finitely not so! Strolling around Beijing, you'll find it has much in common wi th any other great metropolis elsewhere in today's world. There are towering sk yscrapers; busy shopping malls and an endless stream of traffic that makes the city much the same as others. The most famous and popular commercial circles an d commercial pedestrian streets are predominantly located near the Yansha Shopp ing Mall, Tiananmen and Wangfujing Street, Guomao Shopping Mall, Qianmen Street and Xidan Street, etc. However, although you will find multinational chains wi th their own brands to offer, nowhere else on earth will you find such a variet y of gourmet Chinese restaurants offering the very best of the eight different styles of Chinese cuisine as well as western style dishes. Modern hotels abound, each offering the highest standards of service and convenience.
After a day's Beijing tours, nighttime can hold other surprises for you. These can vary from traditional performances such as the Beijing Opera, acrobatics an d martial arts to modern ones including concerts, ballroom dancing, pubs and cl ubs. Each and every one has its individual enchantment for the tourist. No desc ription of our capital city is complete without mention of the friendly people
who throng the streets. Everywhere you will encounter smiling faces and a warm welcome, especially from the children who love to say 'Hello!' All these things add up to truly make your visit a cultural experience of a lifetime.
北京胡同历史介绍
北京胡同历史介绍 北京胡同简介 进入现代化的北京城，人们感兴趣的往往不是那鳞次栉比的高楼大厦、四通八达的宽马路，而是那曲折幽深的小小胡同，温馨美丽的四合院。因此，有人称北京的古都文化为“胡同文化”或“四合院文化”，此话实不为过。 来到北京的游客，经常问到的一个问题就是“北京的胡同在哪里”。北京胡同最早起源于元代，最多时有6000多条，历史最早的是朝阳门内大街和东四之间的一片胡同，规划相当整齐，胡同与胡同之间的距离大致相同。南北走向的一般为街，相对较宽，如从北京火车站到朝阳门内大街的南小街和北小街，因过去以走马车为主，所以也叫马路。东西走向的一般为胡同，相对较窄，以走人为主。胡同两边一般都是四合院。 北京的胡同有上千条，形成于中国历史上的元朝、明朝、清朝三个朝代，其中的大多数形成于13世纪的元朝。胡同的走向多为正东正西，宽度一般不过九米。胡同两旁的建筑大多都是四合院。四合院是一种由东西南北四座房屋以四四方方的对称形式围在一起的建筑物。大大小小的四合院一个紧挨一个排列起来，它们之间的通道就是胡同。 胡同从外表上看模样都差不多，但其内在特色却各不相同，它们不仅是城市的脉搏，更是北京普通老百姓生活的场所。北京人对胡同有着特殊感情，它是百姓们出入家门的通道，更是一座座民俗风情博物馆，烙下了许多社会生活的印记。胡同一般距离闹市很近，但没有车水马龙的喧闹，可谓闹中取静。而且对于邻里关系的融洽，胡同在其中发挥了有效的作用。 胡同现已成为北京文化的载体。老北京的生活气息就在这胡同的角落里，在这四合院的一砖一瓦里，在居民之间的邻里之情里。外人只有身处其中才能得到最深的体会。 历史渊源 胡同是元朝的产物，蒙古人把元大都的街巷叫做胡同——据说这蒙古语的意思是指水井。莫非那时候每条胡同都挖有一眼水井作微型水库，供居住的军民饮用?想一想也可以理解，来自沙漠与草原的游牧民族，是很重视水源的。当年水井可是深宅大院的居民人抬头不见低头见、摩肩接踵的社交场所，在井边与左邻右舍谈天说地、嘘寒问暖，恰恰可以弥补四合院的封闭性所带来的不足——既保护了每个家庭的隐秘空间，又为邻里之间提供了交流的机会。 胡同与四合院的完美组合。体现出元大都统治者在城市建设与管理方面的聪明之处。胡同横平竖直，四合院错落有致，怎么看都像是军事化管理的结果。有了胡同的分割与疏通，北京城便成了一座由游牧民族安营扎寨的大军营。难怪汪曾祺要赞叹：“北京城像一块大豆腐，四方四正。城里有大街，有胡同。大街、胡同都有是正南正北，正东正西。北
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍 天安门广场Tian' an Men Square 故宫Former Imperial Palace 天坛Temple of Heave n 地坛The Temple of Earth 长城the Great Wall 颐和园the Summer Palace 十三陵the Ming Tombs 雍和宫Yon gheg ong Lamasery 卢沟桥Lugou Bridge 碧云寺Biy un Temple 潭柘寺Tan zhe Temple 卧佛寺Wofo Temple 戒台寺Jietai Temple 法海寺Fahai Temple 云居寺Y unju Temple 白云寺Baiy un Temple 白云观the White Cloud Taoist Temple 恭王府Prince Gong' s Mansion 清东陵Easter n Royal Tombs of the Qi ng Dyn asty 乾清宫Palace of Heave nly Purity
香山公园Xia ngsha n Park 世界公园Beijing World Park 圆明园遗址the Ruins of Yuanmin gyua n 北京动物园Beiji ng Zoo 中华世纪坛China Cen tury Altar 故宫博物院the Palace Museum 人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People 民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nati on alities 劳动人民文化宫Worki ng People's Cultural Palace 北京工人体育馆Beiji ng Worker's Stadium 革命历史博物馆the Museum of Revoluti onary History
北京胡同游导游词参考文档
北京胡同游导游词参考文档Beijing Hutong tour guide words reference document 编订：JinTai College
北京胡同游导游词参考文档 前言：导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同 游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文 体之一。本文档根据导游词内容要求和针对旅游地点是北京的特点展 开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随 意调整修改及打印。 北京胡同是久远历史的产物，它反映了北京历史的面貌，是有丰富内容的。小泰给大家分享几篇关于北京胡同的导游词，希望你们喜欢哦。 北京胡同导游词 以目前通用的什刹海西岸、后海，鼓楼等三轮车路线为 主要参考。这里是北京市划出的25个文化区中最大的一个， 极有典型意义。 （开场白） 女士们、先生们：咱们今天下午的活动内容是逛胡同和 参观四合院。胡同和四合院是历史上北京城的有机体，是组成社会的细胞，是老北京人休养生息、繁衍挣扎的地方，是北京
城历史演进的的有力见证。我们想真正地了解北京人的生活，就得钻胡同，串四合院。 为了使大家游览中增加情趣，现在利用乘车的时间，向大家介绍一些有关胡同和四合院的知识。 （导游员可利用适当的时间，向客人们总述或分段介绍下面的内容） 女士们、先生们，大家千万不可小看北京的胡同和四合院，更不能把它们看成是仅供人们栖身住宿的地方，如果听我稍加讲解，就可发现，原来北京的胡同和四合院蕴藏着如此丰富的中华文化内涵!我先介绍一些有关“胡同”的知识。 （胡同一词的由来） 北京城内的胡同与繁华的大街比起来，确实有些不起眼，但是据专家们考证，明朝就有人对胡同进行研究了，至今已有了五六百年的研究史。胡同的写法明朝与现在不同，是将“胡同”二字，分别夹在“行”字的中间，如明嘉靖三十九年（1560）出版的《京师五城坊巷吞[集》中的“吞[”二字，就是典型的早期文献证明。明朝人对这种写法非常得意，说胡和同是“胡人大同”的意思，从表面上看具有“少数民族团结”
用英语介绍北京
Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Back in 3000 years ago in Zhou dynasty, Beijing, which was called Ji at the moment, had been named capital of Yan. Thereafter, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty all made Beijing their capital. Therefore, Beijing was famous for "Capital of a thousand years". The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of Beijing's life. Tian'anmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing. As Beijing has been confirmed home city of Olympics 2008, the spirit of "green Olympics, scientific Olympics and humanized Olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to Beijing, promote the development of sports and Olympics in China as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between Chinese and foreign people. The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle year 18 of the Ming Dynasty (in 1420). Situated in the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuild during the Ming, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious, the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful, it is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty's Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implies "sky is round and earth is square" to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. The most important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven, The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the Seven-Star Stone and others of historic interest and scenic beauty. The Temple
北京四合院有什么特点
北京四合院有什么特点 四合院&胡同，13世纪的天才设计元大都奠定了北京棋盘形的格局，元大都北城墙设有两座城门，其余三面城墙各设三座城门。每座城门内都有一条笔直的干道，两座城门之间，除少数例外，也都加辟干道一条。这些干道纵横交错，连同顺城街在内，全城共有南北干道和东西干道各九条。这些纵横交错的干道，在城市结构中起着不同作用，其中占主导作用的是南北干道，全城次要街道或称胡同，基本沿着南北干道的东西两侧平行排列。干道宽约25米，胡同宽只6～7米。元大都城市街区的排列形式被明清沿承下来，胡同作为北京街区的代表，不但构成了城市交通的基本格局，而且伴随城市历史发展进程成为北京文化的载体。元朝之前的北京城用“坊墙”来布局的，“坊墙”上有“坊门”，围出每一个相对封闭的生活区或商业区，用高高的围墙隔离起来，一头扎进去，便像拧成了死疙瘩般沉寂。就像唐朝并不能沿街叫卖，而是有东市和西市，专门买卖商品。到了元朝，忽必烈拆了“坊墙”，用街巷的方式重新规划了北京城。建造居民区以胡同为肌理，排列在两条胡同之间的就是四合院。所谓“四合”，“四”即在东、西、南、北四面盖房子，“合”即将四面房屋围在一起，形成一个院子。看似简单，入住之后方觉其乐融融。元朝的标准胡同，东西向相隔约70米，从东到西大概用5
分钟的时间。一般比较好的四合院都是在胡同中间位置，在胡同的两头(东西称“胡同”，南北称“街”)，是提供在四合院中生活的人们日常需要的铺面，比如粮店等。而所有的胡同的巷口相连处就成了南北走向的街，数家店铺相连宛若一条商业街。这是内城的情况，而外城的胡同是嘉庆三十七年才建好的，由于相对形成较晚，所以外城的胡同规制没有那么完整。这些建筑很多不具备四合院的格局，而是前店后厂的商用院落。目前，四合院保存较完整的，内城以东四一带还比较多，东四从三条到八条保存得比较完整，还是四合院原生态的感觉，过去这一片住的大户比较多，两进院、三进院、四进院者都不少见。漫步在南罗鼓巷一带，你会发现那或直或曲或宽或窄、排列在胡同两侧的古香古色的街门，以及大小不等装饰各异的门当户对，真是一道别样的风景线。这里也是北京四合院保存最完好的地区之一。 南锣鼓巷59号“洪家大门”，它曾经的主人就是赫赫有名的明末大将，大清开国功臣洪承畴 北京的每个胡同还遍布着戏楼、茶楼，寺庙都如四合院般是四四方方的结构。这方块就像北京的DNA一样，遍布了整个城市，成了北京城的符号，也最大程度地方便着百姓的生活。这些戏楼、茶楼、寺庙就像老北京身上的穴位，把北京城扎活了。历史闪回“街道甚直，此端可见彼端。盖其布置，使此城门可望彼城门也。”
中国传统节日和民俗简介(附英文).pdf
中国传统节日Traditional Chinese holiday 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、 吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家 庭团聚。因此，中秋节(TheMid-autumnFestival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。 ，除了常见的家禽和春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday) 肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。 端午节The Duanwu Festival 端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人 敬仰的大臣,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终 投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈 原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 春节The Spring Festival 在我国，一年有很多节日，在这些节日中，我最喜欢春节。这不仅因为它 是一年中最大的节日，更因为它是新一年的开始，给人们带来新的希望，也因 为它是亲朋好友团聚的时刻。不管身在何方，人们总会在春节前回到家里准备 过节。通常，我们会在除夕夜吃一顿丰盛的晚餐，之后家人团座一起，分享一 年以来的生活以及新年计划。有的人则会玩游戏或者出去玩。 大年初一，人们通常会早起，会与见到的人说吉祥话。孩子们会得到压岁 钱。在接下来的几天里，人们会带上新年祝福互相串门拜年。总之，春节是一 个欢聚一堂、供人享乐的日子。 元旦New Year's Day -day holiday, so I can go out have fun Today is the New Year’s Day. I have a three or stay at hometo have a good rest. Today, my parents take me out. We go to the mall. Many things are cheap somy mother buys many. I have a new cloth and a pair
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍 天安门广场 Tian’an Men Square 故宫 Former Imperial Palace 天坛 Temple of Heaven 地坛 The Temple of Earth 长城 the Great Wall 颐和园 the Summer Palace 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 雍和宫 Yonghegong Lamasery 卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge 碧云寺 Biyun Temple 潭柘寺 Tanzhe Temple 卧佛寺 Wofo Temple 戒台寺 Jietai Temple 法海寺 Fahai Temple 云居寺 Yunju Temple 白云寺 Baiyun Temple 白云观 the White Cloud Taoist Temple 恭王府 Prince Gong’s Mansion 清东陵 Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty 乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity
北海公园 Beihai Park 香山公园 Xiangshan Park 世界公园 Beijing World Park 圆明园遗址 the Ruins of Yuanmingyuan 北京动物园 Beijing Zoo 中华世纪坛 China Century Altar 故宫博物院 the Palace Museum 人民大会堂 the Great Hall of the People 民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nationalities 劳动人民文化宫 Working People's Cultural Palace 北京工人体育馆 Beijing Worker's Stadium 革命历史博 物馆 the Museum of Revolutionary History
北京胡同英语导游词
Good morning，Ladies and Gentlemen：Welcome to Beijing，and welcome to today's Hutong tour！First of all，I would like to start with the term"Hutong"，H-U-T-O-N-G what does Hutong mean？ According to experts，the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning"Well".In ancient times，people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be"a place where people gather and live." Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But one thing is for sure，if we connected all the Hutongs together，their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall，which is about 4000 miles longer. Today you can find various Hutongs with different shapes，lengths or directions.The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide, And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.As we walk through the Hutongs，you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored walls and bricks. Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses，where people live. In Chinese we call them"siheyuan". The gate building of each Siheyuan is the only thing that we can see along the Hutongs. Chinese people used to try to protect their privacy from being intruded by strangers. So the gate building，in old times，was a symbol to show the position of each house owner. look at thtis one nest door，it has the lion design，because that owner used to be a military officer. Interesting？ Now let's see the doorway. Almost every doorway has a threshold，that high step over there. For what reason they put a big step at the door？You know Chinese people believe all the evil spirits are short. They can not jump over high steps. So the threshold is actually for warding off evil spirits. In old times，transportation was not as convenient as today，so street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life. They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services. People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments. The food they sold usually include baked pancakes，seasoned millet mush，or Youzhaguo，a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks，and all kinds of vegetables. But now，with modern life all around，it's hard for people to hear the traditional melodious hawking. Look at the crowd sitting over there！What do you think they are doing？Talking about Vic Tanny？Oprah's？Or just gossiping？Any ideas？Let's go and see！ Oh，they are building a new Great Wall. But their bricks are Chinese Mahjong！A very popular pastime among the Hutong people，especially among the senior citizens who have retired. The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication.
北京胡同 Beijing Hutong
北京胡同Beijing Hutong traditional Chinese culture, tea house, Peking Opera, paper cutting 中国传统文化，茶馆，京剧，剪纸 Hi, Tony! 嗨，托尼！ Im glad that you will come to Beijing soon. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing. In order to experience traditional Chinese culture better, I do recommend Beijing Hutong tour. 我很高兴你很快就要来北京了。北京有很多名胜。为了更好地体验中国传统文化，我推荐北京胡同之旅。 First, were going to go sightseeing along the lanes in Hutong. The houses in Hutong are traditional, such as Siheyuan. From them, you can imagine how people used to live. Of course you can stop anywhere you like and it is interesting to take pictures or have a close look. Second, we
are going to pay visits to a Hutong family. We can have lunch there and have a short talk with the local residents, which can help you learn about many stories of the past. We can not only appreciate the dramatic changes that Hutong has undergone, but also see evidence of the history of Beijing, experience the old way of life and experience traditional Beijing culture. 首先，我们要沿着胡同的小路去观光。胡同里的房子是传统的，比如四合院。从他们身上，你可以想象过去人们是如何生活的。当然，你可以停在你喜欢的任何地方，拍照或近距离观察是很有趣的。第二，我们要去拜访一个胡同人家。我们可以在那里吃午饭，和当地居民进行简短的交谈，这可以帮助你了解许多过去的故事。我们不仅可以欣赏胡同发生的巨大变化，还可以看到北京历史的见证，体验古老的生活方式，体验传统的北京文化。 In a word, Hutongs are the homes of common people in the past. It is easy to know how people lived and had fun in the old days. So it is a good choice to learn about traditional Chinese culture. 总之，胡同是过去老百姓的家。很容易知道在过去的日子里人们是如何生活和娱乐的。所以学习中国传统文化是一个很好的选择。 Im looking forward to your coming.
介绍北京四合院作文
介绍北京四合院作文 篇一：北京四合院 四合院就与北京的宫殿、衙署、街区、坊巷和胡同同时出现了。北京的四合院所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，形成??一个“口”字形。 四合院虽有一定的规制，但规模大小却有不等，大致可分为大四合、中四合、小四合三种： 小四合院一般是北房三间，一明两暗或者两明一暗，东西厢房各两间，南房三间，中四合院比小四合院宽敞，一般是北房5间，3正2耳，东、西厢房各3间，房前有廊以避风雨；大四合院习惯上称作”大宅门”，房屋设置可为5南5北、7南7北，甚至还有9间或者11间大正房，一般是复式四合院，即由多个四合院向纵深相连而成。院落极多，有前院与后院,有东院与西院,有正院与偏院,有跨院,书房院与围房院,有马号,还有一进,二进,与三进……等等。 北京的四合院属砖木结构建筑，房架子檩、柱、梁（柁）、槛、椽以及门窗、隔??扇等等均为木制，木制房架子周围则以砖砌墙。梁柱门窗及檐口椽头都要油漆彩画，虽然没有宫廷苑囿那样金碧辉煌，但也是色彩缤纷。墙习惯用磨砖、碎砖垒墙，所谓“北京城有三宝……烂砖头垒墙墙不倒”。屋瓦大多用青板瓦，正反互扣，檐前装滴水，或者不铺瓦，全用青灰抹顶，称“灰棚”。 北京冬季和春季风沙较多，居民住宅多用门帘。一般人家，冬季要挂
有夹板的棉门帘，春、秋要挂有夹板的夹门帘，夏季要挂有夹板的竹门帘。贫苦人家则可用稻草帘或破毡帘。门帘可吊起，上、中、下三部分装夹板的目的是为增加重量，以免得被风掀起。后来，门帘被风门所取代，但夏天仍然用竹帘，凉快透亮而实用。 四合院的顶棚都是用高梁杆作架子，外面糊纸。北京糊顶棚是一门技术，四合院内，由顶棚到墙壁、窗帘、窗户全部用白纸裱糊，称之“四白到底”。 北京的四合院很讲究绿化，院内种树种花，确是花木扶疏，幽雅宜人。老北京爱种的花有丁香、海棠、榆叶梅、山桃花等等，树多是枣树、槐树。花草除栽种外，还可盆栽、水养。盆栽花木最常见的是石榴树、夹竹桃、金桂、银桂、杜鹃、栀子等等，种石榴取石榴“多子”之兆。至于阶前花圃中的草茉莉、凤仙花、牵牛花、扁豆花，更是四合院的家常美景了。清代有句俗语形容四合院内的生活：“天棚、鱼缸、石榴树、老爷、小姐、胖丫头”，可以说是四合院生活比较典型的写照。这就是咱们的首都——北京!!!这就是,有着悠久的历史竹筒的“大住宅”,这美丽的“大花园”,那就是——北京的四合院！ 篇二：北京四合院 北京的四合院，所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，四合院是封闭式的住宅，对外只有一个街门，四合院的大门一般开在东南角或西北角，关起门来自成天地，具有很强的私密性，院内，四面房门都开向院落，由于院落宽敞，可以在院内植树栽花，饲鸟养鱼。一家人和美相亲，其乐融融。清代有句俗语形
北京中英文介绍
Beijing 北京 Beijing is the capital of China and a fascinating mixture of the old and new. With an area of 16,808 sq. kilometers, it is today the political, cultural and administrative center of the People's Republic of China which was founded in 1949, the home of more than 13.8 million citizens and the seat of government. 1 北京作为中国的首都是一个新旧交融，魅力无限的地方。今天的北京占地16,808平方公里，是中华人民共和国（建于1949年）的政治、文化和行政管理的中心，是1,380多万北京市民的家园和中央政府的所在地。 2 Beijing has been in existence as a settlement for more than 3,000 years, although the remains of "Peking Man" show that human life existed in this part of China half a million years ago. It has been a center of power under the Mongols, the Ming, the Manchu and now the People's Republic of China for a period spanning almost seven hundred years. 2 尽管“北京人”的遗骨表明早在50万年以前已有人类生存于此，北京作为人类的居住地已超过了3000多年。它是蒙古、明朝、满族直到现在的中华人民共和国的权力中心，跨越了近700年的历史。 3 Being one of the few inland capitals of the world not built on a major river, it owes its long preeminence to its strategic geographical
北京八大胡同介绍
八大胡同 北京的胡同多如牛毛，独独八大胡同闻名中外。因为当年，这里曾是烟叶花柳巷的代名词。“八大胡同”在西珠市口大街以北、铁树斜街以南，由西往东依次为：百顺胡同、胭脂胡同、韩家潭、陕西巷、石头胡同、王广福斜街、朱家胡同、李纱帽胡同（外郎营、皮条营）。其实，老北京人所说的“八大胡同”，并不专指这八条街巷，而是泛指前门外大栅栏一带，因为在这八条街巷之外的胡同里，还分布着近百家大小妓院。只不过当年，这八条胡同的妓院多是一等二等，妓女的“档次”也比较高，所以才如此知名。 八大胡同位于北京前门外大栅栏地区，1.26平方公里，西边是现在的新华街，东边到前门大街，南边在珠市口，北边就在前门大街。八大胡同不仅是娼妓业的代名词，还是老北京商业繁荣的缩影。据载，当年这里不仅妓院林立，还是老字商号、会馆文化及戏曲文化的发源地。八大胡同的形成，它一定是依靠了当年繁华的商业。从清初开始繁荣，到乾隆，到清末一直非常繁华。 八大胡同的成名与大栅栏的崛起密不可分。大栅栏的繁荣起源于清初的“旗民分住”政策。大清朝的这一国策形成了满汉分治的格局，这也意外地带火了今天前门外大栅栏一带。随着汉人外迁，北京的商业娱乐中心开始转移到大栅栏一带。这里也成了戏园子、饭馆子、窑子的汇集之所。 大栅栏一带至今还集中了北京最多的老字号。其中有家鞋店叫内联升。内联升是河北武清县人赵廷于100多年前创办的。有趣的是，当时就凭“内联升”这三个字，他的鞋店竟火爆了京城的官场天成斋，做老百姓穿的低档鞋，而内联升专做坐轿子的人穿的鞋。当时，北京有句俗语，叫“爷不爷，先看鞋”，是说鞋能抬高人的身价，赵廷把眼光盯上了官员们上朝穿的朝靴。妙招：就是把清政府大小官员范式在他店里买过朝靴的人的姓名、年龄、住址、靴子尺寸、特殊爱好、特殊脚型等计入专门的账中，叫做《履中备载》。根据这个《履中备载》做的靴子准保合脚。甚至他媳妇、孩子穿多大的鞋都有记载，不让别人看。据说，一些官员经常到他这里来打听上司或恩师的“足下之需”，花重金给上司或恩师制作几双朝靴送去。连上司穿多大尺寸的鞋都知道，自然是“心腹”之人。因此，内联升生产的朝靴身价倍增，一双可卖白银数十两。 还有一招：顾客一进门，门口有一个沙子的箱子，一踩就过去了，后边的伙计就赶紧给你量鞋底子的长度，等于你还没说话呢，店里就已经知道你穿多大的鞋子。 鞋店的成功还得益于鞋店的字号。“内联升”这三个字是赵廷专门为逢迎做官者心理取的，“内”指大内宫廷，“连升”寓意穿他的鞋能官运亨生。甚至皇帝的龙靴也出自内联升。 老北京城的妓院分若干等级。最早的妓院分布在内城，多是官妓。现东四南大街路东有几条胡同，曾是明朝官妓的所在地，如演乐胡同，是官妓乐队演习奏乐之所。内务部街在明清时叫勾栏胡同，是由妓女和艺人扶着栏杆卖唱演绎而来的。以后“勾栏”成为妓院的别称。明清时期，当官的和有钱的饮宴时要妓女陪酒、奏乐、演唱，叫做“叫条子”，在妓女一方，则叫“出条子”。百顺胡同到了清末民初，妓院主要集中在前门外大街，一是因为这里离内城较近，官员们出城享乐比较方便；二是这里有火车站，南来北往的旅客多；三是前门外大街是京城著名的商业街，相当繁华；四是这一带是戏园子、茶馆、酒楼的集中地，吃喝玩乐，可自成一体。据30年代末的一份统计资料，当时“八大胡同”入册登记准予营业的妓院达117家，妓女有750多人，这只是正式“挂牌”的，还不算“野妓”和“暗娼”。老北京的妓女分为“南班”与“北班”两种，一般来说，“南班”的妓女主要是江南一带的女子，档次高一些，不但有色，而且有才。这样的妓女陪的多是达官显贵，如京城名妓赛金
京剧相关英语介绍Beijing Opera
京剧相关英语介绍Beijing Opera Four Famous Dan Actors 四大名旦；Stage Props in Peking Opera 京剧道具 Types of Facial Make-up in Beijing Opera 京剧脸谱 Roles in Beijing Opera 京剧的角色；Xipi and Erhuang 西皮和二簧 Wenchang and Wuchang 文场和武场；Piao You and Xia Hai 票友和下海 Longtao and Figurant "龙套”和“跑龙套”；Qiba “起霸” ；Liangxiang “亮相” In 1927, an open selection of the top Dan actors, sponsored by the Shuntian Times newspaper, was launched. As a result, Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), Shang Xiaoyun (1900-1976), Cheng Yanqiu and Xun Huisheng (1900-1968) were the most outstanding in the selection, and were named the four most famous Dan actors of Peking Opera at this time, each having his own unique characteristics in regard to action, expression and music. In addition, each had his own special repertoire, and these have been handed down from generation to generation. Eventually, they formed the four main schools of Peking Opera. Later, groups of excellent young actors were active on the opera stages, among whom the most famous were: Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai and Song Dezhu, selected by the Liyan Newspaper. Each of the four had his own special repertoire, and their wonderful performances were well received by the mass. Eventually, they were recognized as the four sub-leading Dan actors of Peking Opera. China entered the modern era amidst turbulence and change in the 20th century. The Revolution of 1911 put an end to the 2,000-year rule of the feudal dynasties. Thus there was a spate of famous actors and actresses and schools of Peking Opera in the early decades of this century. 二十世纪20年代年京剧旦行先后成名的四位有代表性的演员：梅兰芳、尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生。 四大名旦在艺术上不断进取，表演、唱腔精益求精，各有独门剧目，蔚成流派。 四小名旦继“四大名旦”以后，二十世纪30年代又有一批旦行演员脱颖而出。 1940年，北京《立言报》邀请李世芳、张君秋、毛世来、宋德珠四人合作，在北京新新大戏院演出两场《白蛇传》，四个人分演自己擅长的一折戏，各展所长，社会影响强烈。从此即被公认为四小名旦。
北京的英文介绍
北京英文介绍： Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Back in 3000 years ago in Zhou dynasty, Beijing, which was called Ji at the moment, had been named capital of Yan. Thereafter, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty all made Beijing their capital. Therefore, Beijing was famous for "Capital of a thousand years". The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of Beijing's life. Tian'anmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing. As Beijing has been confirmed home city of Olympics 2008, the spirit of "green Olympics, scientific Olympics and humanized Olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to Beijing, promote the development of sports and Olympics in China as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between Chinese and foreign people. The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle year 18 of the Ming Dynasty (in 1420). Situated in the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuild during the Ming, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious, the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful, it is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty's Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implies "sky is round and earth is square" to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. The most important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven, The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the