关于2015年高考英的新型语法填空复习思路

关于2015年高考英的新型语法填空复习思路

楚雄师院附中李春

一、语法填空题设置分析

近年来，高考英语语法填空题型已在全国很多省市出现，早在2008年语法填空题首次出现在广东省。去年是普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语大纲调整较大的第一年，取消了新中国成立后高考英语延续数十年的单项选择题，代之为语篇型语法填空题。

2014年全国高考英语新课标卷II中，语法填空作为新题型首次出现，体裁为记叙文,话题是作者个人乘坐公交车的经历，语言朴实，自然，难度适宜。十个空中，给词为七个，占了绝大的比重。其中动词五个，三个改为非谓语形式，一个谓语用过去式形式，一个改为形容词。代词一个，由人称代词主格改为名词性物主代词或宾格；形容词一个，改为副词。其余三个空为，并列连词一个，介词一个，助动词一个。由此看出，动词在考点中占了绝大的比重。对于动词考点，考生首先要把握住一个问题，即该空需要填谓语还是非谓语，再去考虑以怎样的形式填空，这样能最大限度的避免出现误填现象。至于其它考点，均为考生比较熟悉的固定搭配。从做题的参考时间上来说，完形填空和语法填空两个题型一共是30分钟，而完形填空做题时间一般是18分钟。由此可知，语法填空题的做题参考时间是12分钟。

语法填空，以对话、短文为载体，考查词法和句法知识在语篇中的应用，也考查了考生对整个语篇的理解。与单项填空题型相比，与单项选择题相比，这种题型的情景真实性更强、更能够对英语教学产生良好的反拨作用（加强精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养）、更有助于高考英语试卷继续保持较高的可信度、增加试题中题型多样性，难度有所加大。另外，语法填空与完形填空有相似之处，但考查的侧重点不同，语法填空重点考查的是语法知识在篇章中的运用，也考查词汇在语境中的应用，强调语言的交际功能，而完形填空仅侧重考查词汇或短语的含义在语篇和语境中的运用。

二、语法填空题型特点

1．文章字数：一般在150～200个词之间，其中2012年广东高考题是221个词，2013年广东高考题是206个词，2014年高考英语样题是189个词,2014年高考题是201个词。

2．文章体裁：目前主要有两类：短文体和对话体

3. 试题要求：在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出十个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。

1、纯空格需要填词的基本是连词(连接代词、连接副词)、代词(人称代词、不定代词、关系代词也可能有关系副词、it用法等)、介词、冠词和情态动词，但是广东历年都没有考过情态动词。因此对这些内容要格外注意熟练掌握。

2、新课标语法填空给出词和纯空格之比约为7:3,且给出的词多为动词、名词、代词、形容词或副词。

3、给出的动词主要体现时态、语态和非谓语动词的使用。如样题的65空填making,当然这主要取决于前面的finish这个词后只能接v.ing形式,不能接不定式。所以哪些动词后接v.ing,哪些动词后接不定式就显得很重要。再如2011年广东卷…and then I noticed a man sitting(sit)at the front.这是v.ing作宾补,又因为宾语和补语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

4、样题67空应填it,这是it用法之一:确定某人是何人。再如2009年广东卷she remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present forher father.这里用it作形式主语。所以我们还应关注it用法。

5、如果需要填情态动词,那么情态动词+have done的用法值得注意,因为只有这种结构适合这样的命题。基本可以断定如果空格后面是动词的完成时,则此处填入情态动词。当然情态动词+have done的结构有诸多情况,需结合文义选择用什么情态动词。这里需要注意的是，情态动词的选择不能想当然，一定要根据句子的意思来决定。

6、形容词和副词应注意他们的转化,还有它们的比较等级。

7.名词也是出现过在高考题中的一个考察点，但是经过对比分析，考察名词的时候，单复数比较少，多是把名词转换为其他的词性。如2013年广东卷19题，reason 需要变成其形容词形式reasonable。

三、2014年高考英语语法填空试题分析

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41 (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 42

some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 44 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 45 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 47 (ride) . He was carrying something

over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “48 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 49 (I )” . She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 50 (sudden) became friendly to one another.

41.being 42.and 43.disappointed 44.to 45.caught 46.to stop

47.riding 48.Did 49.mine 50.suddenly

语法填空题的特点：

①短文长度与难度：短文长度为200词左右，首句不挖空，保持第一句的完整

性。从语篇的理解难度来看，明显低于完形填空，和短文改错的难度大致相当。

②考查的考点：十个空中，给词为七个，占了绝大的比重。其中动词五个，三

个改为非谓语形式，一个谓语用过去式形式，一个改为形容词。代词一个，由人称代词主格改为名词性物主代词或宾格。形容词一个，改为副词。其余三个空为，并列连词一个，介词一个，助动词一个。由此看出，动词在考点中占了绝大的比重。对于动词考点，考生首先要把握住一个问题，即该空需要填谓语还是非谓语，再去考虑以怎样的形式填空，这样能最大限度的避免出现误填现象。至于其它考点，均为考生比较熟悉的固定搭配。

③短文提供单词的数量及特点：有7个小题有提示词，而且以动词、形容词和代

词为主。其他小题是对连词、助动词、介词考点的考查。

④每空填写单词的数量。语法填空题填写的单词数量以一个为主，当然，考查

动词非谓语形式、时态、语态也可能出现一题，填两个单词或三个单词。

⑤所填写单词的范围。主要以初中学过的单词为主，均是常用词，未考查过于

生僻或较偏的词汇。

四、课标卷考试大纲内容与样题分析（语法填空）

2014年课标卷考纲样题第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

Mum: (putting on her coat) I'm going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.

Alan: Why?

Mum: I'm not sure what 61 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 62 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they're 63 (go).

Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen 6 4 (early).

Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 65 them, so he couldn't have done it. 66 , he couldn't carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I'm sure 67 wasn't him.

Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn't me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 68 fridge?

Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 69 (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 70 . Now, why did I put on my coat?

答案：61.happened 62.when 63.gone 64.earlier 65.making

66.Anyway 67.it 68.the 69.must have put 70.mind/memory

样题考查的考点样题考查的考点：时态（一般过去时），状语从句，形容词，副词比较级，非谓语（动名词），副词，代词it，冠词，情态动词，名词。

课标卷样题与真题区别

①文体不同。真题采用的是短文，而样题采用的是长对话形式。但这并不预示

今年高考课标卷采用的就是长对话形式，因为语篇型语法填空包括短文体和对话体两种。

②考点有明显区别。样题考点多，难度大，但真题未考查情态动词、状语从句、

副词、冠词和名词，侧重考查动词难度适中，。

五、语法填空试题解题技巧

1. 速读全文把握主旨，语法填空题是利用对话或短文较强的语境来命题，考查

考生在阅读理解的基础上语法知识的运用能力。把握好语篇的主旨是准确答题的前提。速读全文时，注意短文的开头和结尾，因为开头和结尾往往能提供关键性信息，能够帮助考生更好地把握短文的中心内容。

2. 透析短文推敲答案，考生在答题时，从头开始边细读边分析，依据词法和句

法知识，深入透析全文，在空白处填入逻辑合理、语法准确、语义贴切、符合语境的词作为答案。在这一过程中，考生需要耐心细致，稳扎稳打，在确定的前提下方可填写自己认为正确的答案。

（1）试题提供了单词的基本形式

①提示的是动词原形：考查的是时态、分词形容词化、非谓语动词、虚拟语气

等。答题时，分析好句子结构，确定空白处在句中的作用。空白处在句中作谓语，则考查的是时态或虚拟语气，如果作的是表语，则考查的是分词形容词化，空白处作宾语、状语、定语、补语等，考查的重点是非谓语动词例

1.（2013广东卷）He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly,

he 16 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.

解析：考查时态。空白处作谓语，结合空后的过去完成时“had run”

可知，空白处应用一般过去时，应填写提示词的过去式。答案：found 例2.（2013广东卷）In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important.

解析：考查非谓语。空白处在句中作伴随状语，且与主语everyone 是主动关系，因此空白处应用提示词的现在分词形式。答案：thinking 例3.（2012广东卷）He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .

解析：考查虚拟语气。“as if”是关键词，空白处表示的并不是事实，且指过去情况，故应用虚拟语气，即“had + 过去分词”。答案：had bought 例4.（2014新课标II）…some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint)… .

解析：考查形容词。空白处作表语，提示词为动词原形，很显然，此处应用过去分词形容词化，填写disappointed。答案：disappointed

②提示的是名词：该小题重点考查的是名词添加后缀构成形容词。对于名词转化

为形容词的考点，需要结合空白处作的成分来确定。

例1.（2013广东卷）“That would be a very 39 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,”

Nick said.

解析：空白处作定语，修饰名词thing，故空白处应填写形容词形式。

答案：reasonable

例2.（2008广东卷）This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course.

解析：考查形容词。空白处作定语，故应用提示词的形容词形式。答案：natural

③提示的是形容词：考查的是形容词添加后缀构成副词或考查形容词比较

级。可依据句子的逻辑关系判断是否应填写比较级，依据空白处作的成分来确定是否需要填写副词。

例1.（2013广东卷）“But such a small thing couldn’t 23 ( possible ) destroy a village.”

解析：考查副词。空白处在句中作状语，故应用提示词的副词形式。答案：possibly

例2（2014新课标II）…and the crowd of strangers 50 (sudden) became friendly to one another.

解析：考查副词。空白处在句中作状语，故空白处应该填写副词。答案：suddenly

例3. （2014新课标样题） I'm sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).

解析：考查形容词比较级。根据语境，他更早就在厨房了。空白处暗含了比较，故应用比较级形式。答案：earlier

④提示的是副词：该小题考查的副词比较级。答题时，需要结合好句子的具体

语境做出判断。

例1.（2008广东卷）He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow 38 (high).

解析：考查副词比较级。根据语境，庄稼长高了，故空白处应用副词比较级形式。

答案：higher

例2.（2012广东卷）One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day.

解析：考查副词比较级。空白处作状语。句中暗含了一种比较，因此应用副词比较级。答案：later

2）试题未提供单词的基本形式试题没有提示词的小题，考查的考点有复合句、冠词、介词、人称代词和物主代词等。做题时，结合句法知识、语境及相关考点做出分析判断。

①对复合句的考查：依据词法和句法知识分析好句子结构，确定从句的类型

及空白处在句中的作用，有的小题还需要结合句子的语境。

例 1.（2013广东卷）Nick’s guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.

解析：考查定语从句。两个逗号之间的部分作定语，符合非限制性定语从句特点，且先行词指人，故空白处应填写关系代词who。答案：who

例2.（2012广东卷）The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do.

解析：考查宾语从句。wondered之后是其宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指内容，故应用what作为引导词。答案：what

②对介词的考查：有时考查的是介词的基本用法，但是重点考查的是介词

搭配，也就是说，空白处与空前或空后构成了固定搭配。答题时，留意空白处是

否在句中构成了固定搭配，并结合好具体语境，这样才能确定答案。

例1.（2008广东卷）Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories.

解析：考查介词。根据语境，在这些谚语中，经常会有很有趣的故事。结合介词的用法可知，空白处应填写介词In。答案： In

例2.（2013广东卷）The only reason a man would sell salt 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.

解析：考查介词。空白处与空后构成了介词短语，即“at a low price”，意为“以低价”，因此空白处应该填写介词at。答案：at

广东卷多次考查过空白处与空后构成的介词搭配：

（2012广东卷）The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds. 答案：for

（2009广东卷）She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. 答案： on

（2009广东卷）When Jane got home, her parents were already 39 table having supper. 答案：at

例3.（2013广东卷）And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.

解析：考查介词。“show respect for”为固定短语，意为“对……表示尊敬”，即空白处与空前的内容构成了固定搭配，因此空白处应填写介词for。

答案：for

③对冠词的考查：分析空白处在句中的作用，并结合冠词的具体用法做出判断。 例1.（2012广东卷）But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.

解析：考查冠词。last是关键词和突破口，在此处表示顺序，因此之前应用定冠词the。答案：the

例2.（2011广东卷）We had 24 amazing conversation.

解析：考查冠词。依据语境，空白处表示泛指，结合空后的第一个词amazing，应填写冠词an。填写时，注意a或an的使用。答案：an

例3.（2009广东卷）Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience.

解析：考查冠词。空后的experience意为“经历”时，是可数名词，该词在句中表示泛指，故空白处应用不定冠词a。答案：a

④对其他考点的考查：根据题干语境、上下句语境和逻辑关系，同时结合空白

处在句中的作用等多方面、多角度分析推敲。

例1.（2011广东卷）Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away.

解析：考查人称代词。空白处作主语，且指代的是“other people”，故应填写人称代词they。答案：they

例2.（2013广东卷）His son looked s urprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save

a bit of money?”

解析：考查疑问副词。根据语境，结合空前的关键词why可知，空白处应该使用疑问副词why。另外此处也是固定句式“why not + 动词原形”。答案：why

（3）注意事项：细节决定成败！在空白处所填写的单词，应该书写工整，避免乱涂乱改现象。而且对于位于句首的小题，注意首字母的大写。

3. 通篇复核敲定答案：每小题填写完毕后，还应通篇复核。可从语境、单词拼

写、词法和句法等方面进行逐一复查。对于模棱两可的小题，不要轻易修改，需要结合语法知识和短文语境反复斟酌，有了充分把握再决定取舍。一般来说，所填写的单词语法正确，并与上下文语境及短文主旨充分吻合，使全文前后连贯，所填写的答案才是正确的，这时才能敲定答案。

六、语法复习建议：

1.在语法复习方面，应趋于简单化，对于过难、过于复杂的语法不再复习，

有些语法知识仅仅需要点到为止。另外，复习语法时，有时还应考虑短文改错题型的需要。

2. 对于构词法（派生、合成、转化和缩略）知识，应作为专题进行复习，而

且以派生法作为重点。

2016高考英语语法填空真题精选10篇

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