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英语报刊文章选读期末试题 A卷

内蒙古大学本科通识教育公共选修课之《英语报刊文章选读》期末考试试题

（A卷）

序号_______学号____________姓名___________专业__________ 年级________ 补考标记□

（请把答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效）

I. Reading comprehension. (20%)

How McNuggets Changed The World

The story of fast food: Yes, you are what you eat By Amanda Spake

Fed up with carhops, broken glassware, and rowdy teenage customers, Richard and Maurice McDonald opened McDonald’s restaurant in 1948 at the site of the former San Bernardino drive-in. To attract families driving California’s new freeways, they topped their building with eye-catching golden neon arches.

Hamburgers, cheese-burgers, French fries, milkshakes, and sodas, sold in paper wrappers and cups, were the only menu items. Each 15-cent burger came with ketchup, onions, mustard, and two pickles, and food preparation was driven into simple, repetitive tasks. One worker grilled burgers, another put on condiments, one wrapped food, one made fries and shakes, others took orders. With the principles of the assembly line added to the commercial kitchen, fast food was born, and with it a new way of life.

“Fast food has had an enormous impact not only on our eating habits but on our economy, our culture, and our values,” says Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation, out this month. On any given day, about one quarter of U.S. adults visit a fast-food restaurant. The typical American now eats three hamburgers and four orders of French fries each week. Thirty years ago Americans spent about $ 6 billion on fast food; in 2000 they spent over $ 110 billion, more than on higher education, personal computers, or new cars.

Let’s eat!McDonald’s, of course, primarily owes its success to Ray Kroc, who showed up at the Speedee Service selling milkshake mixing machines in 1954.

Kroc had a vision: a McDonald’s at every corner in every town in America. Soon, he made a deal to franchise the eateries. Low labor costs became his key to keeping prices down. “McDonald’s pioneered a sector of service employment — part-time, low-wage jobs, offering no benefits,”says Schlosser. Today fast food workers typically quit or get fired every three to four months. The industry pays most of them minimum wage, and companies benefit from federal programs that reward them for creating jobs for the poor. “American taxpayers in effect subsidize the industry’s high turnover rate,” Schlosser adds.

In more recent years, success has come from innovations like the “Chicken

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第 1 页共9 页

McNugget,”created by a chicken processor at McDonald’s request. Made from pieces of reconstituted chicken breast that are held together by stabilizers, breaded, fried, frozen, and then reheated, McNuggets were introduced in 1983. They became widely popular among young children and those adults who believe them to be healthier than burgers. ( In fact, McNuggets contain twice as much fat per ounce as hamburgers and are fried in hydrogenated vegetable oils containing high amounts of trans fatty acids, a culprit behind heart disease. )

Even apart from the McNugget, fast food’s most clever marketing has been to kids. Every month, 90 percent of American 3-to-9-year-olds go to a Mc Donald’s. The company mascot, Ronald McDonald, is more recognizable to youngsters than any character except Santa Claus. Many chains have tie-ins with Disney, Fox, and sport leagues, but McDonald’s 1997 promotion of the Teenie Beanie Baby, fee with each Happy Meals, is a classic. In 1997, McDonald’s was selling about 10 million Happy Meals per week. Over a 10-day period, sales of Happy Meals with Teenie Beanie Babies, aimed at 3-to-8-year-olds, jumped to 100 million per week.

Still, it may only be a matter of time before consumers force fast-food chains to tame their marketing talents and come up with healthier recipes, says Schlosser, who believes promoting fast food to kids should be banned like cigarette advertising. “Obesity is second after smoking as the leading cause of deadly illness,” he says, “ and childhood obesity is rising.” He points to In-N-Out Burger, a small California-based chain, as a sign of the future. The chain used fresh ingredients and healthy oils for frying, “and they treat workers well,”Schlosser adds. And as at McDonald’s 50 years ago, the lines outside In-N-Out burger grow longer every day.

Questions 1—8 are based on the passage you have just read.

1. Among the four items of personal computers, higher education, fast food and new cars, the spending on was the highest in the U.S.A. in 2000.

A. personal computers

B. higher education

C. fast food

D. new cars

2. McNuggets was introduced into U.S.A. in .

A. 1985

B. 1990

C. 2000

D. 1983

3. The author considers as a culprit behind heart disease.

A. trans fatty acids

B. smoking

C. fast-paced life

D. drinking

4. is believed to be the mascot of McDonald’s.

A. Mickey Mouse

B. Santa Claus

C. Teenie Beanie Babies

D. Ronald McDonald

5. How did fast food come into being?

6. What impact has fast food produced on Americans?

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7. What are the factors of McDonald’s success?

8. Why does Schlosser believe that fast food should be banned to children? II. Choose the best answers. (30%)

9. What is not one of the functions of newspaper headlines?

A.Summarizing the story.

B.Beautifying the newspaper page.

C.Indicating how much importance each news item has.

D.Indicating on which page the news item is.

10. “Supreme Court

Rejects Bush

Terror Powers”

The above headline is a .

A.Flush-left headline.

B.Drop or step form.

C.Inverted pyramid form.

D.Centered headline.

11. “Nightmare for Major

In tragedy of

Tony high flier”

The above headline is a .

A.Flush-left headline.

B.Drop or step form.

C.Inverted pyramid form.

D.Centered headline.

12.“Nato to press on with attack

Aircraft and artillery blast Serbs in allies’ fiercest onslaught”

The above underlined headline is called .

A. strap line

B. sub-headline

C. news lead

D. news summary

13.“Defiant president to seek support from Congress

Supreme court rejects Bush terror powers”

The above underlined headline is called .

A. strap line

B. sun-headline

C. news lead

D. news summary

14. What punctuation mark is usually not used in a headline?

A. Comma.

B. Quotation marks.

C. Period or full stop.

D. Colon.

15. What kind of news lead is usually preferred for hard news?

A.Direct news lead.

B. Delayed news lead.

C. Positive news lead.

D. Negative news lead.

16. The structure of a news story is usually .

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第 3 页共9 页

A. long

B. logical

C. illogical

D. loose

17. During nearly nine years with the company, Ms Galle has turned down job offers with higher pay.

A. moved around

B. refused

C. objected

D. shown

18. The study found that more than 70 percent of the workers, born between 1964 and 1975, rated companionship, a loving family and enjoying life as extremely important.

A. calculated

B. set a rate

C. ranked

D. listed

19. Among workers of all ages, the number who said they were likely to leave fell to 42 percent in the October survey from 50 percent in 1999.

A. began to

B. broke down

C. brought down to

D. decreased

20. While Generation X came of age during the country’s longest economic boom…

A.came into being

B. became adult

C. became aged

D. came out of

21. Congress might want to enact some of its own, which could entail a constitutional change.

A. increase

B. decrease

C. make…necessary

D. rank

22. Although appointed by governors and presidents, judges are by and large governed by the rule of law.

A. in general

B. in as much as

C. in that

D. in and out

23. Maybe then we’ll look back at Campaign 2000 as a minor electoral glitch.

A.false information

B. journal

C. small problem

D. journalist

24. And we’ll all be better off if we don’t sweep our problems under the rug.

A.sweep the problems

B. clean the problems

C. get rid off the problems

D. cover up problems

25. As this issue was going to press, we still didn’t know the outcome of the election…

A.the press conference

B. be published

C. stress

D. be permitted

26. Many Americans were surprised—and foreigners shocked—that a presidential election would be governed by state law and administered by lowly county officials.

A.controlled

B. gone along with

C. got to know

D. achieved

27. Most other democracies around the world have not just consistent standards, but national commissions and specific regulations governing close elections.

A. going along with

B. handling

C. achieving

D. surpassing

28. All relationships can have rough patches.

A.end up divorce

B. end up marriage

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C. experience happiness

D. experience difficulties

29. It made me feel like I wasn’t important in the relationship, like I was at the end of the line.

A.at the end of the bottom line

B. the last important person to him

C. at the other side

D. the last person to him

30. It takes commitment, but it can and does happen.

A.promise

B. accomplishment

C. committee

D. achievement

31. A North St. Paul, Minn., couple used to regularly blow up at each other and say things calculated to hurt.

A.explode

B. blow off

C. fight

D. lose one’s temper

32. …and the pressure of adapting to each other and dealing with stepchildren caused major rows.

A. problems

B. issues

C. quarrels

D. contradictions

33. New Yorker are spreading their blankets and kicking off their workday shoes to relish the romance of open-air cinema again.

A.realize

B. enjoy

C. make…come true

D. promote

34. What is singular about open-air cinema in New York City is the sheer scope of offerings.

A.single

B. unusual

C. strange

D. singable

35. “There’s French fries and ketchup,” her pal, Dawn Brighid, 32, chimed in.

A.said something in agreement

B. took in

C. looked at

D. blew in

36. With a combination of giant corporate sponsors and community-minded pluck,

a surfeit of arts institutions eager to organize summertime screenings.

A.respect

B. homage

C. shelter

D. courage

37. In her corner of the park, the crowd was engrossed in the dark twists of “Metropolis”.

A.black-colored

B. mysterious- atmosphered

C. dark-faced

D. black-lettered

38. …a surfeit of arts institutions eager to organize summertime screenings and movie buffs eager to watch the most deliciously arcane film.

A.movie fans

B. movie theatres

C. movie-goers

D. moving pictures

II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. (30%)

39. Generation Xers 40. job loyalty 41. job-hopping

42. job insecurities 43. release a study 44 carry out a survey

45. an economic downturn 46. dot-com revolution 47. a recruiting firm

48. human capital 49. electoral system 50. behind-the-scenes story

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第 5 页共9 页

51. eliminate the Electoral College 52. crisis-proof your marriage

53. drag up past transgressions 54. withdraw into oneself

55. take a low-paying job 56. dual-income couple 57. clinical depression 58. put one’s marriage on the back burner 59. develop irreparable breaches 60. speak one’s mind 61. drive-in movie theatre 62. executive director

63. home-grown film 64. cult film 65. feature attraction

66. B-movies 67. hiss at the bad guy 68. a selling point

III. Translate the following sentences into English. (10%)

:69.Still, Catalyst and other research organizations that have studied Generation X caution that this age group has high demands for employers that, if not met, could prompt employees to depart, downturn or no.

70. The Marshall Plan and the occupation of Japan were devoted to building democracy amid the wreckage of World War II, and postwar foreign policy has been driven, in part, by advancing democratic values.

71. The system has a high error rate and leaves those troublesome and now infamous “chad”—little bits of paper that don’t detach and confuse the card-counting machine about the true nature of the vote.

72. It’s helpful to have a therapist’s objective point of view because, typically, each person just sees what the other person is doing, not how he or she is contributing to the problem.

73. The Grand Poobah of outdoor cinema in New York City is, of course, the Monday night series at Bryant Park, which began nine years ago and is so popular that grabbing a spot means showing up hours in advance.

IV. Answer the following questions. (10%)

74. What are the main features of English newspaper headlines?

75. What are the main stylistic features of English newspaper article?

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第 6 页共9 页

内蒙古大学本科通识教育公共选修课之《英语报刊文章选读》期末考试试题（A卷）

序号_______学号____________姓名___________专业__________ 年级________

（请把答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效）

Answer Sheet

I. Reading Comprehension. (20%)

1. A. B. C. D.

2. A. B. C. D.

3. A. B. C. D.

4. A. B. C. D.

II. Choose the best answers. (30%)

9. A. B. C. D. 10. A. B. C. D.

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第7 页共9 页

11.A B. C. D. 12. A. B. C. D.

13.A. B. C. D. 14. A. B. C. D.

15.A. B. C. D. 16. A. B. C. D.

17.A. B. C. D. 18. A. B. C. D.

19.A. B. C. D. 20. A. B. C. D.

21.A. B. C. D. 22. A. B. C. D.

23.A. B. C. D. 24. A. B. C. D.

25.A. B. C. D. 26. A. B. C. D.

27.A. B. C. D. 28. A. B. C. D.

29.A. B. C. D. 30. A. B. C. D.

31.A. B. C. D. 32. A. B. C. D.

33.A. B. C. D. 34. A. B. C. D.

35.A. B. C. D. 36. A. B. C. D.

37.A. B. C. D. 38. A. B. C. D. III. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. (30%)

39. 40.

41. 42.

43. 44.

45. 46.

47. 48.

49. 50.

51. 52.

53. 54.

55. 56.

57. 58.

59. 60.

61. 62.

63. 64.

65. 66.

67. 68.

IV. Translate the following sentences. (10%)

69.

70.

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第8 页共9 页

71.

72.

73.

V. Answer the following questions. (10%)

74.

75.

《英语报刊文章选读》（A卷）第9 页共9 页

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