美国文学复习资料
殖民主义时期
John Smith 美国第一位作家
Anne Bradstreet第一位移民诗人
Edward Taylor 清教徒诗人
文艺复兴时期
Benjamin Franklin参与了起草独立宣言成名作《Poor Richard’s Almanack》
《Autobiography》Thomas Paine 拥护独立宣言成名作《Great Commoner of Mankind》最平凡的人
Thomas Jefferson起草了独立宣言
Philip Freneau 美国诗歌之父文艺复兴的诗人《the Wild Honey》野金银花
浪漫主义时期
Irving 第一位纯文学作家（belletrist）
有国际声誉
< a History of New York>第一部
诙谐作品
Copper 开创了海上传奇小说和边疆传奇小说
Bryant 第一个获得美国主要诗人的称号
Poe 现代短故事之父侦探小说之父
第一部短篇小说集
Emerson 超经验主义运动
Thoreau 成名作
Hawthorne 象征主义作家
Melville
Longfellow19世纪最受爱戴的诗人< a Psalm of Life>
史诗歌唯一被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人
现实主义时期
Whitman 创建了自由体诗歌free verse
Stowe 该时期唯一的女散文作家< Uncle Tom’s Cabin>
Mark Twain 现实主义文学代表作 Huckleberry Finn> 学的总结 O.Henry Henry James 心理现实主义的开创者 Jack London < the People of the Abyss> Dreiser 金钱万能 欲望三部曲 二十世纪文学 Pound 意象派的创始人< in a Station of Metro> Frost 自然派诗人 民族诗人 Stevens 秩序理念 Eliot 现代主义创始人 Fitzgerald Hemingway 推动报告文学的发展 强调moment of truth Steinbeck美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家 Faulkner 心灵与自己冲突是永恒的主题成名作 美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight 美国文学简史 复习资料 2016年12月23日 目录 殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 美国浪漫主义早期 新英格兰超验主义 美国浪漫主义后期 美国现实主义文学 美国乡土文学 美国现代诗歌 美国现代小说 美国南方文学 美国现代戏剧美国黑人文学美国华裔文学 殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, named by Captain John Smith ?Puritanism Doctrines of Puritanism：predestination（命运神定), original sin, total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace Puritans left Europe for America in order to prove that they were God’s chosen people who would enjoy God’s blessings on earth and in Heaven. They felt that they were exiles under the special grace of God to establish a theocracy in the New World. Style of writing：the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest；a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible Puritans’way of Life：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter there is a good description of the Puritans’life. Main writers William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯垦殖记 Thomas Paine Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；The Rights of Man人权；The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The Wild Honeysuckle野金银花 Benjamin Franklin Autobiography富兰克林自传 Thomas Jefferson Draft the Declaration of Independence. 美国浪漫主义早期 Romanticism Background of Romanticism：Economic boom and national optimism ；Favorable literary milieu: increasing number of magazines ；Foreign influences: the Romantic Movement in Europe. Characteristics of Romanticism： American Puritanism 殖民地时期 ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明?富兰克林 作品： 1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 浪漫主义American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. The social and cultural background of Romanticism The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics:moral enthusiasm,faith in value of in dividualism and intuitive perception,and a presumption that the natural world was a source of good ness and man’s societies as a source of corruption. 二、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡 ---poet,short story writer and literary critic(48poems,70short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of“Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism(心理分析批评),and the detective story.诗歌的精髓就是追求美 小说的主题常常是恐怖和死亡，其中还运用了象征手法。 The Poetic Principle: 1.The poem,should be short,readable at one sitting; 2.Beauty(the rhythmical creation of beauty); 3.Melancholy忧伤(especially the death of a beautiful woman). 2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management. Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The 1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1 美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight A Concise History of American Literature Chapter 1 Colonial Period I.Jonathan Edwards 1.life 2.works (1)The Freedom of the Will (2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended (3)The Nature of True Virtue 3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism (1)The spirit of revivalism (2)Regeneration of man (3)God’s presence (4)Puritan idealism II.Benjamin Franklin 1.works (1)Poor Richard’s Almanac (2)Autobiography 2.contribution (1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2)He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3)Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I.Washington Irving 1.several names attached to Irving (1)first American writer (2)the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3)father of American literature 2.works (1)A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3)The History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus (4)A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5)The Alhambra 3.Literary career: two parts (1)1809~1832 a.Subjects are either English or European b.Conservative love for the antique (2)1832~1859: back to US 4.style – beautiful (1)gentility, urbanity, pleasantness (2)avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining (3)enveloping stories in an atmosphere 一 1.―He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.‖(Sons and Lovers by https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fc5814043.html,wrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel’s attitude to her husband is ______ . A. sincerely warm B. genuinely kind C. seemingly angry D. merely contemptuous 2. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world. The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______. A. Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession C. Joyce’s story Araby D. Lawrence’s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter 3. Linguistically, compared with the writing s of Mark Twain, Henry James’s fiction is noted for his ______. A. frontier vernacular B. rich colloquialism C. vulgarly descriptive words D. refined elegant language 4. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true? A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture. B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. C. His stories are among the best of the American literature. D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism? A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely. B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―Oversoul.‖ D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.‖ 6. Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ . A. the strict poetic form B. the free and natural rhythm C. the easy flow of feelings D. the simple and conversational language 7. ―Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.‖ In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______. A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human history B. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own de struction C. nature is evil as it was 5000 years ago D. nature has the ultimate creative power陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
美国文学简史复习
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析
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