一、内科常用字汇
心血管系统The Cardiovascular System
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病
Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤
Vasodilatation 血管扩张
Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化
Hypertension 高血压
Hypertrophy 肥大
Hypotension 低血压
Varicose veins 静脉曲张
血液及淋巴系统The Hemic and Lymphatic System
Adenitis 腺炎
Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病
Leukocyte 白血球
Leukocytopenia白血球减少
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮
Splenomegaly 脾肿大
Anemia贫血
Aseptic 无菌的
Septicemia败血症
Hemostasis 止血
Transfusion输血
呼吸系统The Respiratory System Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
Mucosa 黏膜
Exhale呼吸
Apnea窒息
Tachypnea呼吸急促
Pneumonia肺炎
Bronchitis支气管炎
Lung Empyema 肺积脓
消化系统The Digestive System
Short of breath 呼吸短促
Dysphasia说话困难
Aphasia 失语症
Aphonia失声
Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎
Pharyngitis 咽炎
Laryngitis 喉炎
Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术
Gastric cancer 胃癌
Gastritis 胃炎
Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血
Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎
Enterorrhagia 肠出血
Enterorrhexis 肠破裂
Appendicitis 阑尾炎
Colon cancer结肠癌
Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查
Rectal cancer 直肠癌
Anal Fistual 肛门廔管
External hemorrhoid 外痔
Internal hemorrhoid 内痔
Excretion 排泄
Hepatitis肝炎
Hepatomegaly 肝肿大
Gall Stone 胆结石
Cholelithiasis 胆石症
Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化
Ascites腹水
内分泌系统The Endocrine System Glycemia糖血症
Goiter 甲状腺肿
Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病
Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症
Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤
神经系统The Nervous System Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿
Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹
Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞
Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血
Encephalitis 脑炎
Electromyography 肌电图
Neuritis神经炎
Epilepsy 癜痫
Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛
Rachitis 痀偻症
Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯
Spondylitis 脊椎炎
Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹
Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪
Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应
Verbal response 语言反应
Motor response 运动反应
Corneal reflex 角膜反射
Plantar reflex 膝反射
Sciatica坐骨神经痛
Chorea 舞蹈症
Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩
Migraine 偏头痛
Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症
Brain Swelling 脑肿胀
brain Concussion 脑震荡
brain Anoxia脑缺氧症
brain Death 脑死
肌肉骨骼系统The Musculoskeletal System Anterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosis关节硬化
Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎
Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折
Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折
Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏
Matastatic Lesion转移性损害
Osteoporosis骨质疏松症
Amputation 截肢
Bone graft 骨移植
Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻
Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术
Range of Motion 运动范围
Varus 内翻
Chondromalacia软骨软化症
泌尿及男性生殖系统The Urinary and Male Reproductive System Cystitis 膀胱炎
Circumcision包皮环割术
Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查
Hydronephrosis肾水肿
Renal Stone 肾结石
Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症
Spermatogenesis精子生成
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄
Dysuria 排尿困难
Hematuria血尿
Uremia尿毒症
Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染
Vasoligation 输精管结扎
Impotence 阳萎
特殊感觉器官The Organs of Special Senses Audiometer 听力计
Otitis耳炎
Otorrhea耳漏
Tympanitis中耳炎
Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术
Nasitis鼻炎
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢
Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物
Intraocular pressure 眼内压
Oculus Uterque 双眼
Oculus Sinister 左眼
Oculus Dexter 右眼
Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌
Ophthalmologist 眼科医师
Diplopia 复视
Myopia 近视
Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂
Corneitis 角膜炎
Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术
Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落
Visual field 视野
Vocal nodular 声带结节
Dermatologist 皮肤科医师
Dermatitis皮肤炎
Cataract白内障
Glaucoma青光眼
综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindication 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射
Lipoma 脂肪瘤
Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适
Necrosis坏死
Nocturia 夜尿症
Ployuria 多尿
Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛
二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经
Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴
Endometriosis子宫内膜异位
Ovary 卵巢
Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿
Ovulation排卵
Vaginitis阴道炎
Colposcopy 阴道镜检法
Galactocele乳腺囊肿
Mammography 乳房X光摄影术
Infertility 不孕症
InVitro Fertilization 体外受精
Amnion 羊膜
Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术
Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多
Anterpartal 产前的
Antepartum 分娩前
Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination 人工受精Engagement 进入产位
Estrogen动情基素
Colostrum 初乳
Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体
Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病
Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎
Laparoscope 腹腔镜
Embryo 胚胎
Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕
Primipara 初产妇
Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位
Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中
Multipara 经产妇
Parity 经产
Placenta Previa前置胎盘
Postpartum 产後
Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期
Basal Body Temperature 基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产
Expected Date of Confinement 预产期
Fallopian Tube 输卵管
Forceps 产钳
Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块
Labor Pain阵痛
Painless Labor 无痛分娩
Molding胎头变形
Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素
Stillbrith死产
Suture 缝合
Stump残物
Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血
三、小儿科常用字汇
Apnea呼吸暂停
Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血
Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿
Erythema红斑
Hypospadia尿道下裂
Dehydration 脱水
Hydrocephalus水脑
Hydrocele 阴囊积水
Polydactylia多指畸形
Pyoderma脓皮症
Sepsis 败血症
Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎
Encephalitis脑炎
Gastroenteritis肠胃炎
Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的
Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息
Cleft Palate 颚裂
Diarrhea腹泻
Dental Caries 龋齿
Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹
Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹
Torticollis斜颈
Vaccine疫苗
Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇
Chicken pox 水痘
Club foot 畸足
Diphtheria白喉
Dengue fever 登革热
Eczema湿疹
Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒
German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹
Giant baby巨婴
Gonorrhea 淋病
Hepatitis B B型肝炎
Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸
Mongolian spots 蒙古斑
Mumps 腮腺炎
Respiratory arrest呼吸停止
Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹
Vomiting呕吐
四、精神科常用字汇
Mental retardation 智能不足
autism自闭症
dement 痴呆症
alzheimer's dementia阿尔茲海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾
substances Intoxication 物质中毒
alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病
delusional Disorder 妄想性病患
Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症
obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖
exhibitionism 暴露狂
Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症
Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症
临床症状
blunted affect 感情迟钝
silly Laughter 傻笑
apathy冷漠
irritable 易怒的
euphoria欣快感
depression 忧郁
ambivalence感情矛盾
Flat Affect感情平淡
suicide attempt 自杀企图
queer behavior 怪异行为
bizarre behavior 特异行为hypertalkative 多话
hypotalkative 少话
mutistic不语
hyperactivity 活动过多hypoactivity 活动过少
compulsive behavior 强迫行为verbigeration 重复语言
catelepsy 僵直
negativism阻抗行动
Mannerism作态行为
destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考
poverty of speech 言语贫乏
flight of ideas 意念飞跃
loosening of association 思考连结松散illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫
thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次
thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问
delusion 妄想
delusion of persecution 被害妄想delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症
acrophobia 惧高症
algophobia 惧痛症
sexual drive 性欲
illusion 错觉
hallucination 幻觉
auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatation 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症
confabulation 虚谈症
orientation 定向力
judgement 判断力
derealization 失真感
insight病识感no insight 无病识感
intellectual insight 理性的病识感
true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感心理学名词
free association 自由联想
dream analysis 梦的解析
ego 自我
id 原我
super ego 超我
ego boundary 自我界限
libido 原欲
scapegoat 代罪羔羊
internal conflict 内在冲突
conscious 意识
unconscious 潜意识
preconscious前意识
transference 情感转移depersonalization 人格解体
derealization 脱离现实
neurosis神经精神病
Psychosis神经病
Pleasure Principle 享乐原则
Reality Principle 现实原则
Moral Principle 道德原则
Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素
Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation 补偿作用
conversion 转化作用
denial 否认作用
displacement 转移作用
dissociation 解离作用
fantasy 幻想作用
identification 认同作用
introjection 内射作用
projection 外射作用
retionalization 合理化作用
reaction formation 反向作用
degression 退化作用
repression 潜抑作用
suppression 压抑作用
restitution 归还作用
sublimation 升华作用
substitution 取代作用
symbolism 象徵作用
undoing 抵销作用
distortion 曲解作用
isolation 隔离作用
Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗Empathy 同理心
Resistance阻抗
testing out behavior 试探行为
self-awareness自我了解
separation anxiety 分离焦虑
reinforcement 增强原则
catharsis 情绪宣泄
confrontation 面质
listen 倾听
restraint 约束
physical restraint 身体的约束
chemical 药物的约束
五、各科常用缩写
A
AAD against-advice discharge 自动出院
A abdomen 腹部
ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活动
A/G albumin /globulin ration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例AK above knee 膝上
B.
BE below elbow 肘下
BH body height 身高
b.i.d twice a day 一日两次
Bil bilateral两侧的
BK below knee 膝下
BM bowel movement 肠蠕动
BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率
BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大BTI biliary tract infection胆道感染
BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便
BW body weight 体重
C.
Ca. Carcinoma 癌
CBC complete blood count 全血球计数
CBD common bile duct 总胆管
CH cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血
Chest P-A chest posterio-anterio 前後胸部
CO cardiac output 心输出量
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎
C/T chemotherapy 化学治疗法
CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞
CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 电脑断层检查
CVA cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外
CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压
D.
DC discontinue 停止
D&C dilatation and curettage 扩张及刮除术
DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病
DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风
DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤
E.
ECG eletrocardiogram 心电图
EEG electroecephalogram 脑电波图
ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉
F.
FH family history 家族史
FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音
FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧
Fr fracture 骨折
G.
GB gall bladder 胆囊
GI tract gastric intestinal tract 胃肠道
GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常规
gtt. Drops 滴
GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的
GYN gynecology 妇科学
H
Hb hemoglobin 血色素
HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血
h.s. at bedtime 睡前
HT Hypertension 高血压
Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容积
Hx History 病例
I
ICP Intermittent catheterization program 间歇性导尿
ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房
ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤
I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流
IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压Imp. Impression 臆断
IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的
I & O Intake and output 输入及排出
IV Intravenous 静脉内的
IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅J
Jej. Jejunum 空肠
Jt. Joint 关节
K
Kn. Knee 膝
KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱L.
LFT liver function test肝功能试验
LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限
LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月经
M
MBD may be discharged 可出院
MN midnight 午夜
N
NKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏
NP nothing particular 并无特别的
NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌
NPO nothing by mouth 禁食
O.
OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎
OB occult blood 潜血
OBS obstetrics 产科
OP operation 手术
OPD outpatient department 门诊
Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的
OS ocular sinistro 左眼
OT occupational therapy 职能治疗
OU Both eyes 双眼
P
p.c. after meals 饭後
PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验
PE Physical examination 身体检查
PI Present illness 目前病况
p.o. by mouth 由口
PPU Perforated petic ulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡
PT Physical therapy 物理治疗
PTA Prior to admission 入院前
PTN Parenteral total nutrition 肠道外的高营养Q
Q every 每一
q.d. every day 每日
q.h every hour 每小时
q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次
q.m. every morning 每日早晨
q.n. every night 每日晚间
R
RA rheumatoid a arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RBC red blood cell 红血球
RN registered nurse 护理师
R/O rule out 可能是
RR recovery room 恢复室
R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗
RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限
Rx take取拿
Medication 处方
Treatment 治疗
S
Sc. Subcutaneous 皮下的
SOB short of breath 呼吸短促
SP.g.r. specific gravity 比重
S/P status/ post operation 手术後
s-s half 一半
St(stat) immediately 立刻
Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
T
t.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次
TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 体温、脉搏、呼吸
TURP Trans-urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺
U
URI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染W
WBC White blood cell 白血球
White blood count 白血球计数
Y
Y/O year old 年龄
Z zero 零
六、解剖式内外科常用字汇
The cardiovascular system 心血管系统
lungs 肺脏
venis
vessels血管
capillaries微血管
cardi 心脏
arteries
blood clot凝血
The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液
Red blood cell 红血球
White blood cell白血球
Platelet血小板
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
Bronchial tube主支气管
Alveoii气泡
Pharynx咽
Larynx喉
Trachea气管
Lung肺
Bronchioles小支气管
Pleura胸膜
Chest 胸
Air 气
The Digestive System 消化系统
Lips唇
teeth 牙齿
tongue舌
bile duct 胆管
gallbladder 胆囊
duodenum十二指肠
jejunum空肠
ileum 回肠
appendix 阑尾
small intestine小肠
large intestine大肠
rectum 直肠
anus 肛门
pancreas胰
stomach 胃
esophagus食道
pharynx咽
The Endocrine System
Glands 腺体
Adrenals肾上腺
Pancreas胰
Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids 甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房
Ovaries 卵巢
Testes睾丸
The Nervous System
Brain 脑
Spinal cord 脊髓
Vertebra脊椎
Cranium颅腔
Meninges脑膜
Nerves神经
The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系统
Skull 头骨
Clavicle锁骨
Sternum 胸骨
Ribs 助骨
Joints 关节
Ligaments 韧带
Tendons 肌腱
Cartilage 软骨
The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统
Cortex皮质
Urinary膀胱
Urethra尿道
Ureters输尿管
Kidney 肾脏
Renal pelvis 肾孟
Vas deferens精管
Urinary bladder 膀胱
prostate gland前列腺
scrotum 阴囊
testis 睾丸
penis阴茎
urethra尿道
The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve听神经
Ear 耳朵
Hearing 听觉的
tube 耳咽管
Eardrum 耳骨膜
Eustachian 欧式管
Nasal cavities鼻腔
Nose 鼻
Eyelid眼睑
Lens晶球体
Carnea角膜
Tear duct泪管
Conjunctiva结膜
Choroid layer 脉络膜
Retina视网膜
Sclera巩膜
Optic nerve视神经
Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇Fallopian tube输卵管
Ovary 卵巢
Uterus子宫
Vagina阴道
Vulva女阴(外生殖器官)
脑部系统
cerebrum 大脑
corpus callosum 胼胝体
thalamus 视丘
cerebellum 小脑
diencephalon 间脑
cerebral peduncles大脑脚infundibulum漏斗
hypophysis 脑下垂体
midbrain 中脑
pons 桥脑
medulla 延脑
brain stem 脑干
眼球构造
pupil 瞳孔
suspensory ligaments 悬韧带
ciliary process捷状突
retinal veins网膜静脉
retinal arteries网膜动脉
optic nerve视神经
anterior chamber前眼房
posterior chamber 後眼房
iris虹膜
vitreous body 玻璃状体
internal rectus muscle 内直肌
lacrimal puncta泪孔
lacrimal canaliculi泪小管
lacrimal gland 泪腺
excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管eyebrow眉毛
耳朵构造
cochlea 耳蜗
eustachian tube 耳咽管
helix 耳壳
tympanic membrance 鼓膜external auditory canal 外耳道semicircular canals半规管
malleus锤骨
vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经口腔
gingiva 齿龈
molars 大臼齿
premolars 小臼齿
canines犬齿
incisors 门齿
vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭
upper lip 上唇
upper lip frenulum 上唇系带alveolar provess齿槽突
hard palate硬颚
palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺
sublingual caruncle 舌下阜
七、癌症相关单字
1. gastric cancer胃癌
2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌
3. colon cancer结肠癌
4. rectal cancer直肠癌
5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌
6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌
7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌
8. lung cancer肺癌
9. esophageal cancer食道癌
10. bladder cancer膀胱癌
11. laryngl caner喉癌
12. ovarian cancer软巢癌
13. liver cancer肝癌
14. skin cancer皮肤癌
15. breast cancer乳癌
16. leukemia血癌
17. bone cancer骨癌
18. brain tumor脑癌
19. heart disease 心脏病
20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤
八、医院内常见单字
Hospital 医院
Nursing school = nursing home 护理学校(nursing home) Private convalescence
hospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院
(nursery school) 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 内科
Resident in medicine 内科住院医师
Chief of Medicine 内科主任(Medical man) Internist = intern = intern 实习生(Internist = 内科医师)
House officer 医院医师的称呼
Junior and senior students 医学院学生(通常3或4学生)
Extern 医院实习生
Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生
Student nurse 护理学生
Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考试许可证Supervisor督导护士
Head nurse护士长
Scrub nurse 手术助理护士
Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 开业医生
Ambulance = ambulatory 救护车(不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机)
Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动(May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib,
may walk)
Malingerer 装病的人(malinger 装病)
Paretic 麻痹患者
Malpractice 诊疗错误
Emergency room 急诊室
Ward 病房
station护理站
por恢复室
Patient患者,病人
Narcotic 麻醉药
Nurse护士
Doctor 医生
Internist内科医生Surgeon外科医生
Dentist 牙科医生
Gynecologist 妇科医生
Orthopedist 骨科医生
Oculist 眼科医生
Pediatrician 小儿科医生
Psychiatrist 精神病医生
Intern实习医生
Examination table 诊疗台
Clinical thermometer 体温计
Stethoscope 听诊器
Reflector 反光镜
X-ray checkup X 光检查
X-ray photograph X光像片
Operation 手术
Scalpel 手术刀
Syringe 针筒
Hypodermic needle 注射针
Injection 注射
Ice bag 冰袋
Fixation forceps 固定镊
Medicine, drug药品
Bandage 绷带
Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉
Gauze 纱布
Mask 口罩
Wheel chair 轮椅
Crutches 柺杖
Ambulance 救护车
Stretcher 担架
Chart 病历表
Prescription处方
Blood pressure 血压
Blood type 血型
Artificial respiration 人工呼吸
Pill 药丸
Capsule胶囊
Ointment 软膏
Iodine tincture 碘酒
Sedative 镇静剂
Intensive care unit 加护病房Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏术Intravenous drip 点滴
Chemotherapy化学治疗
Computerized Topography电脑断层
magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振
Bureau of National Health Insurance中央健保局Fracture骨折
Gypsum 石膏
九、病历表内常见单字
Front sheet, Summary sheet 首页,摘要表History sheet 病历表
Physical examination sheet 身体检查表Physician's order sheet 医嘱单
Physician's progress note 医生用病情进展记录Laboratory reports 检验报告
Radiographic reports X光检查报告
Nursing notes 护理记录
Graphic chart 图式病历
Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要
Operation report 手术报告
Anesthesia record 麻醉记录
Consultation sheet 会诊单
Intake and output sheet 摄取与排泄记录Consent (or permission) for operation 手术同意书Emergency room record 急诊室记录
住院病历表
身家调查事项( identifying data or biographic data)
admission date 住院日期
hospital number = chart number 病历号码
room number 病房号码
name
sex
age
birth date
birth place
marital status = civil status 婚姻状况
address
occupation
empolyer 雇主公司行号
health insurance number 医疗保险号码referring physician 转介医生
各系统的表现状况--全身状态
违和感
malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)
feel unwell (ill, poorly) 疲劳感.倦怠感
lassitude
fatigue
tiredness
weariness
languor
lack of energy (vigor)
listlessness
exhaustion
worn-out
虚脱无力状态
weakness
feebleness
lack (loss) of strength
debility
powerlessness
prostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion) asthenia
睡眠状态
sleep
slumber (=light sleep)
a nap (=a short sleep)
a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)
入睡fall asleep ; go to sleep
小睡take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse
欲睡的sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic
睡意sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence
摧睡become(= feel =get) sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent)
睡眠不足loss(= lack = want) of sleep
失眠insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep
失眠症的人insomniac
熟睡sound (profound) sleep
睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken
作梦dream
恶梦nightmare
梦游症sleepwalking ; somnambulism
梦游病者sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker
体重方面(weight ; body weight)
体重为weigh~ ; be ~ in weight
最高maximum
最低minimum
平均average
最适optimum
现在present
体重减少weight loss ; loss of weight
体重增加weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight
瘦thin ; lean ; skinny
瘦弱emaciated (emaciation)
肥胖fat ; stout ; fatty
体温状况(body temperature
量体温take one's temperature
发烧fever ; pyrexia ; rise (elevation) of temperature ; increase in temperature
发烧的feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial
无发烧的afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial
发冷a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit
寒颤shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills
退热fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit
发汗sweating ; perspiration
弛张热remittent fever
间歇热intermittent fever
连续热continuous fever
危险期by crisis
转轻期by lysis
疼痛方面
偏头痛migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;
後头部痛occipital pain
侧头部痛temporal pain
前头部痛frontal pain
头痛have(suffer) a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head
耳痛earache ; sore ears ; toalgia
咽喉痛sore throat ; pharyngalgia
眼痛have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurt(smart) 齿痛toothache
胸痛chest pain
心前部痛precordial pain
心绞痛anginal pain
胸股下後痛substernal (retrosternal) pain
胸膜炎痛pleuritic pain
腹痛abdominal pain ; belly(stomach) ache 上腹痛epigastric pain ; pain in the epigastrium 上腹部痛upper abdominal pain
下腹部痛lower abdominal pain
左上腹部痛left upper quadrant pain
侧腹部痛flank pain
背痛backache
腰痛low backache ; lumbago
关节痛joint pain
肌肉痛muscular pain
神经痛neuralgia
绞痛colic ; colicky pain
胆石绞痛biliary or gallstone colic
肾石痛renal colic
痛cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic 博动痛throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain
转移性痛radiating pain ; pain with radiation
牵连痛referred pain
电击痛lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain
带状痛girdle pain
神经根性痛root pain
空腹痛hunger pain
夜间痛nocturnal pain
自发痛spontaneous pain
压痛tenderness
固定痛fixed (steady) pain
灼热痛burning pain
刺状痛lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing
分裂状头痛splitting ; racking
撕裂状痛tearing ; rending ;
钝痛dull ; obtuse ;
剧烈痛sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe
不断阵痛gnawing ; griping
擦伤痛stinging ; smarting ; sore
针刺痛pricking ; pricking
呼吸器管和循环器管系统
呼吸breath ; respiration
呼吸困难difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea
呼吸短促be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath
深呼吸breathe deeply
叹息sigh ; draw a long breath
喘息pant
端坐呼吸orthopnea
劳动时呼吸困难exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion( physical activity)
夜间呼吸困难nocturnal dyspnea
呼吸快速tachypnea ; rapid breathing
喘呜wheeze ; wheezing
打喷嚏sneezing ; sneeze
打嗝hiccup (hiccough) ; singultus
咳嗽cough
阵发性咳嗽have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal
清喉clear the throat
乾咳dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough
有痰咳productive cough ; cough with sputum
喀痰sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate
喀血hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration
粘喀痰viscid (tenaceous ; thick ) sputum
浓喀痰frothy sputum
泡沫状喀痰mucoid sputum
脓性喀痰purulent sputum
血性喀痰bloody sputum
混血喀痰blood-streaked sputum
绿色喀痰greenish sputum
锈色喀痰rusty sputum
感冒common cold
流形性感冒influenze ; flu ; grippe
上呼吸道感染upper respiratory infection (U.R.I.) 胸膜炎pleruisy
气喘asthma
心悸palpitation
悸动palpitate ; throb
脉搏暂停pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse (heart beat)
速脉rapid pulse ; tachycardia
徐脉slow pulse ; bradycardia
高血压high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension
心脏麻痹heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill
狭心症angina (=angina pectoris)
心脏瓣膜症valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve (leaky heart)
动脉硬化hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis
血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood
间歇性跛行intermittent claudication
消化器官系统
食欲不振a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia
食欲增进increase (improvement) of appetite
无食欲have no (little ; a poor) appetite
食欲旺盛have a strong (voracious) appetite
丧失食欲lose one's apptite
空腹an empty stomach
咀嚼chewing ; mastication
吞咽swallow gulp
吞咽困难difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia
嗳气打噎belching ; eructation
打酸噎sour eructation
心灼热heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash
逆流regugitation
恶心nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling
感到恶feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting
呕吐vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew
呕吐物vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter
咖啡渣coffee-grounds
消化digestion
消化不良indigestion ; dyspepsia
腹部饱胀abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness
腹鸣borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling
黄疸jaundice ; icterus
腹水ascites
通便bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;
下痢diarrhea ; loose bowels ;
便秘constipation
水状watery stool (feces)
血状bloody stool
柏油状tarry stool
泥状mushy stool
软状loose stool
硬状hard stool
呈固状formed stool
呈半固状semiformed stool
大便失禁fecal incontinence
放屁pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus
泌尿与生殖器官系统
排尿urination ; micturition ; pass(void) urine ; urinate ; micturate
尿意urge (desire ) to urinate
尿急urinary urgency
频尿urinary frequency
夜间频尿frequent urination during the night ; nycturia
多尿polyuria
少尿oliguria
无尿anuria
排尿困难difficulty in urination ; dysuria
闭尿urinary retention
尿失禁urinary incontinence
夜间多尿nocutria
夜尿症bed-wetting ; enuresis
混浊尿cloudy (turbid) urine
血尿bloody urine ; hematuria
性欲sexual desire ; libido
性交sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition
杨萎impotence
勃起erection
射精ejaculation
早泄premature ejaculation
遗精pollution
梦遗nocturnal pollution(emission); wet dream
包茎phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin (prepuce)
割礼circumcision
性病veneral disease (V.D.)
月经menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods
初潮menarche ; onset of menses
停经menopause
更年期climacteric ; changeof life
痛经dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation 无月经amenorrhea ; missed periods
月经过多menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow
白带vaginal discharge
阴道出血vaginal bleeding
少量时yaginal spoting
子宫出血metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding
妊娠pregnancy ; conception
怀孕conceive ; be pregnant
不妊sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive
流产abortion ; miscarriage ;
人工流产induced abortion
避孕contraception; birth control
避孕药contraceptive
阵痛labor
生产分娩childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered
坐月子childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period
孕吐morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy
骨关节与肌肉系统
脱臼joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint
扭伤sprain
挫伤sprain (twist ; wrench )
关节炎arthritis
风湿症theumatism
痛风gout (gaut)
关节痛arthralgia ; joint pain
变形deformity
骨折fracture
石膏cast ; plaster of Paris
义腿(肢) artificial limb
肌肉痛muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle
扭筋strain ; sprain
肩坚硬stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ; a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp
抽筋have a cramp ; be cramped
肌肉压痛tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness
精神与神经系统
意识混浊clouding of consciousness
丧失意识loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness
恢复意识recover consciousness
昏厥fainting ; syncope
昏睡soma
昏迷stupor
嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy 错乱confusion ; distracted ; distraught
胆妄的delirious
幻觉hallucination
痉挛convulsion ; cramp ; spasm
癫痫epilepsy
半身不遂be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic
肌无力muscular weakness
步行困难difficulty in walking
说话不清speak thickly
蹒跚stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along
肌肉萎缩atrophy of muscle
左手性left-handedness
右手性right-handedness
运动失调ataxia
无感觉loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia 失去感觉become numb ; loss sensibility
知觉过敏hypersthesia
知觉迟钝hypesthesia
知觉异常paresthesia
神经质nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy
神经衰弱nervous breaksown
意志消沉depressed ; in low spirits
情绪佳in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric
情绪不稳定unstable ; labile capricious
易受刺激excitable ; easily excited ; irritable
不安的anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy
内向的人introvert
外向的人extrovert
健忘be forgetful ; have a poor memory
漠不关心indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned 自卑感inferiority complex
歇斯底里病hysteria
眼耳鼻咽喉
视力丧失lose one's sight 9eyesight) ; become blind 失明loss of vision ; blindness
视力减退impairment of visual acuity ; impaired vision ; fogglness (dimness) of vision ; poor (defective) vision ; blurring
近视near-sightedness ; myopia myopy
远视far-sightedness ; hypermetrope ; hyperope 折射异常refractive error
乱视astigmatism
斜视strabismus ; squint
复视diplopia ; double vision
夜盲night-blindness ; nyctalopia
盲点scotoma ; blind spot
眼睛疲劳eyestrain
流泪过多overflow of tears
异物感foreign body sensation ; a feeling of something ; grittiness ; sandiness
怕光photophoia ; abnormal intolerance of light ; inability to stand light
结膜炎conjunctivitis
砂眼trachoma
听力减退impaired hearing ; decreased hearing ; loss of hearing
重听be hard of hearing
耳聋deaf
耳鸣ringing of ears ; tinnitus
耳痛earache ; otalgia
耳垢cerumen ; erawax ;
中耳炎otitis media ; inflammation of the middle ear
流鼻水snivel ; run at the nose ; have a running nose ;
鼻伤风sniffles ; snuffles ; head cold ; coryza
擤鼻涕blow the nose ;
鼻声a nasal voice
鼻塞nasal obstruction ; nasal stuffiness ; nasal blockage ; nasal congestion
鼻出血nosebleed ; bleeding from the nose ; nasal hemorrhage ; epistaxis
鼻炎rhinitis
扁桃tonsil
扁桃炎tonsillitis
齿痛toothache
蛀齿decayed tooth ; dental caries ; tooth caries ; tooth cavity
义齿an artificial tooth
装假牙wear false teeth (a denture)
无齿toothless ; edentulous
掉齿lose a tooth ; come out
拔齿pull out ; extract a tooth
齿龈gums ; gingiva
皮肤
发疹eruption ; rash ; exanthema ; exanthem
湿疹eczema
荨麻疹urticaria ; hives
胎记birth mark(红斑)
青斑bruise
黑斑mole
水泡welt ; wheal ;wale
头皮屑dandruff ; scurf
痂scab ; curst ; slough
丘疹pimple ; acne
香港脚athlete's foot ; ringworm of the feet
痱子prickly heat ; heat rash
龟裂chaps ; cracks
糜烂sore ; erosion ; festering
疣warts
冻疮chilblain ; festering
尿布疹diaper rash
黄癣favus ; scaldhead
脓泡impetigo
雀斑freckles
晒斑sunburn
骚养itching ; pruritus
骚养伤scratch
生脓fester ; form pus ; suppurate
渗出exude ;ooze ; weep
股擦伤have a thigh sore (chafing in the groin) 脱毛loss of hair ; falling-out of hair
多毛症hirsutism
无毛hairless ; bald ;
秃头baldness ; bald- headedness
秃头症alopecia
十、诊断用具
stethoscope 听诊器
sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) 血压计
thermometer 体温计
ophthalmoscope 捡眼镜otoscope 耳镜
laryngeal mirror 喉镜
flashlight 手电统
tongue depressor (tongue blade) 压舌板hammer (percussion hammer ; reflex hammer) 叩诊锤
tuning fork 音叉
tape measure 卷尺
scale (ruler) 尺
loupe (magnifying glass ; hand lens) 放大镜rubber gloves 橡胶手套
finger cot 指套
vaginal speculum 阴道镜
Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能,对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学;研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用,并牵动骨胳肌,引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一,有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙,里面充填着骨髓,这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动,是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动,如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动,如肘关节;或是绕轴心旋转运动,如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里,大辐度的运动(如肩关节、髋关节)即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来,也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成,然后不断生长、
Chaper 1 psychoanalysis n. 精神分析brain n. 脑 intestine n.肠inflammation n.炎症endoscope n.内镜pancreas n.胰腺psychology n.心理学electrocardiogram n.心电图enteritis n.肠炎tumor n.肿瘤 muscle n.肌肉organ n.器官 abdomen n.腹(部)organism n.有机体,生物体surgeon n.外科医生surgery n.外科(学)malignant a.恶性的immune n.免疫 tissue n.组织molecule n.分子,微小颗粒urine n.尿液stool n.大便,粪便vertebra n.椎骨formula n.处方 cortex n.皮质,皮层appendix n.阑尾 thorax n.胸larynx n. 喉 pharynx n.咽 Chapter 2 kidney n.肾脏receptor n.感受器,受体chromosome n.染色体embryo n.胚胎 gene n.基因catabolism n.分解代谢
anabolism n.合成代谢infection n.感染puncture n.穿刺fat n.脂肪 spine n.脊柱exocrine a.外分泌的cartilage n.软骨spleen n.脾脏gallbladder n.胆囊digestive system 消化系统urinary a.泌尿的respiratory a.呼吸的uterus n.子宫skull n.头颅,头骨pelvic cavity 盆腔trachea n.气管esophagus n.食管bronchial tube 支气管aorta n.主动脉diaphragm n.横膈膜pleura(复,pleurae)n.胸膜urinary bladder 膀胱rectum n.直肠cartilage n.软骨umbilicus n.脐ovary n.卵巢 inferior a.下面的superior a.上面的skeletal muscle 骨骼肌striated muscle 横纹肌 Chapter 3 capillary n.毛细血管artery n.动脉chamber n.腔,小室atrium n.心房ventricle n.室,脑室,心室valve n.瓣膜 mitral a.僧帽状的,二尖瓣的breastbone n.胸骨
第一章医学英语词汇 医学领域涉及的科学和专业广泛,不仅包括基础医学和临床医学的诸多学科,还涉及化学和物理两大基础学科领域,甚至社会科学领域中的诸多学科和专业。因此,医学英语词汇数量庞大,其词汇量高达数十万。同时,由于医学专业的历史渊源,医学英语词汇大多含有希腊语和拉丁语成分,一些医学英语单词显得古怪而陌生,单词结构长而复杂。但就其构词法上基本遵循普通英语单词的构词规律,也往往由前缀、词根、后缀组成,虽然具有其自身的特点,也是可以找到规律的。因此,医学英语词汇构词法,理解与掌握单词尤其是组合词构成的基本知识,牢记必要的基本词素,就能找到掌握医学英语词汇的捷径。 第一节医学英语词汇的结构 一、医学词素 一般认为,词是语言中可独立使用表达意思的最小单位。但是,从结构方面来看时,词并不是最小的语言单位,许多单词可以细分为更小的,同时也是具有意义的单位.这些最小的有意义的单位就是词素。 医学词素(morpheme)是医学语词的组成部分,是医学英语中语音和语义的最小结合体。一个医学语词可以由一个词素构成,也可以由两个或两个以上的词素构成。从语义方面来看,医学词素有两种类型。一种医学词素含有明确的词汇意义,表达单词的主要意义,这类词素称为词根。例如,orth(o)-(正常的)、plasma(血浆)、reticul(o)-(网状)等。其中,plasma可以单独使用,这类词根称为自由词根。另外两个不能单独使用,是黏着词根,这类词根必须与其他词素结合使用。还有一类医学词素是词缀。词缀也有两种,一种屈折词缀只有语法意义而没有词汇的意义(如表示名词复数-s);另一咱派生词缀有一定的词汇意义,但只表达单词的次要意义。 二、医学词根 医学词根(root)是医学语词的基本形式,承载着医学语词的核心意义。一般认为,词根是同根词共有的、可以辨认的部分,也就是说,词根可以在不同的单词里出现,但它的基本形式和含义相同。例如,erythroblast(成红细胞)、erythrocatalysis(红细胞溶解)、erythroclasis(红细胞破碎)和erythrocytopenia(红细胞减少)都有一个共同的词根“erythr(o)-”(红的)。这一词根在不同的语词里出现,但形式没有什么变化,含义也相同。
常用骨科医学专业英语词汇 骨科ORTHOPEDICS 1、概论INTRODUCTION *fracture n.骨折 pathological fracture 病理骨折 fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折 *open fracture 开放骨折 close fracture 闭合骨折 *comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折 compressed fracture 压缩骨折 shock n.休克 *deformity n.畸形 tenderness n.压痛 swelling n.肿胀 ecchymosis n.瘀斑 obstacle n.功能障碍 *bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection n.感染 spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤 surrounding nerve 周围神经 *fat embolism 脂肪栓塞 bedsore n.褥疮 arthroclisis n.关节僵硬 ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死 ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩 *traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎 hematoma n.血肿 *callus n.骨痂 heal n.愈合 *synovitis n.滑膜炎 *ligament n.韧带 *tendon n.肌腱 * pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎 *reduction n.复位 *bone traction 骨牵引 *osteoporosis n.骨质疏松 2、上肢骨折FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES clavicle n.锁骨 *humerus n.肱骨 *rotation n.旋转 supracondyle n.髁上 blister n.水疱 pulsate n.搏动 thrombus n.血栓 *cancellous n.松质骨 *epiphysis n.骨骺 *injury n.损伤 *joint n.关节stability n.稳定 ulna n.尺骨 radius n.桡骨 metacarpal bone 掌骨 bone graft 植骨 hemostasis 止血 *periosteum n.骨膜 tension n.张力 adhesion n.粘连 *skin grafting 植皮 *arthrodesis n.关节融合 extrusion n.挤压 gangrene n.坏疽 pallor n.苍白、灰白 *amputation n.截肢 plaster n.石膏 paralysis n.瘫痪 bandage n.绷带 2、手外伤HAND TRAUMA avulsion n.撕脱 *dislocation n.脱位 stiff adj.僵硬 3、下肢骨折与关节损伤FRACTURE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURY femur n.股骨 adduction n.内收 separate v.分离 cartilage n.软骨 *synovialis n.滑膜 *spinal column 脊柱 5、脊柱及骨盆骨折FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS column n.椎体 cervical column 颈椎 *lumber vertebra 腰椎 sacrum n.骶椎 sense n.感觉 movement n.运动 reflect v.反射 *pelvis n.骨盆 6、关节脱位ARTICULAR DISLOCATION congenital dislocation 先天性脱位 pathological dislocation 病理性脱位 *osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎 *total hip replacement 全髋置换术 7、运动系统慢性损伤CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM strain n.劳损
医学专业英语翻译 医学专业英语翻译如下: portable electric dental engine 轻便电动钻牙机,轻便牙钻portable hearing aid 袖珍助听器 portable microtome 手提式切片机 portable monitor 手提式监护仪 portable obstetric table 轻便产床 portable operating table 轻便手术台 portable photoelectric colorimeter 便携式光电比色计 portable suction unit 便携式吸引器 portable testing set 便携式测试仪器 portable typewriter 手提式打字机 portable X-ray machine 手提式X 光机 portacid 移酸滴管,滴酸器 portal 门,入门 portal venography 门静脉造影术 port B/L 港口提单 portcaustic 腐蚀药把持器 porte 柄 porte-acid 移酸滴管,滴酸器
porte-aiguille 持针器 porte-caustique 腐蚀药把持器 porte-ligature 深部结扎器,缚线把持器porte-meche 填塞条器 porte-noeud 瘤蒂结扎器 porte-polisher 握柄磨光器 porterage 搬运费 portial impression trays 局部牙托portion 部分,段,份 portligature 深部结扎器,缚线把线器port of arrival 到达港 port of delivery 交货港 port of departure 出发港 port of destination 到达港目的港 port of discharge 卸货港 portogram 门静脉造影片 portoraphy 门静脉造影术portovenogram 门静脉造影片 posion 阴离子,阳向离子 position 位置,状态 positioner 定位器(牙),位置控制器
这里汇聚了中西医学行业的大部分英语词汇和详细解说,如果要查询相关词汇,你可以点此word 文档工具栏的“编辑”,找到“查找”,然后点开输入你要查询的词汇就可以查询了。 西医篇: 1、医院部门及科室名称 2、医务人员名称 3、诊断和治疗常用词汇 4、常见疾病名称 5、常见手术名称 6、常用药物名称 7、常用护理术语 8、常用临床医学术语 9、医疗器材 10、医学英语快速记忆-后缀 11、主要人体系统名称 12、医院类型名称 13、医学词汇 14、医学常用字首与字根 1.医院部门及科室名称 out-patient department 门诊部 In-patient department 住院部 Nursing department 护理部 Admission office 住院处 Discharge office 出院处 Registration office 挂号处 Reception room, waiting room 侯诊室 Consultation room 诊察室 Isolation room 隔离室 Delivery room 分娩室 Emergency room 急诊室 Ward 病房室 Department of internal medicine 内科 Department of surgery 外科 Department of pediatrics 儿科 Department of obstetrics and gynecology 妇科 Department of neurology 神经科 Department of ophtalmology 眼科 E.N.T.department 耳鼻喉科 Department of stomatology 口腔科 Department of urology 泌尿科 Department of orthopedic 骨科 Department of traumatology 创伤科 Department of endocrinology 内分泌科
cardiovascular diseases; 脑垂体的功能the function of pituitary; 泌尿道urinary tract; 分子molecule; 动脉artery; 内分泌学endocrinology; 呼吸困难dyspnea; 唾液saliva; 组织学histology; 血液循环blood circulation; 血液学hematology; 生理学physiology; 解剖学anatomy; 女性生殖系统femal reproductive system; 神经细胞nerve cell; 免疫学immunology; 消化不良dyspepsia; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 胚胎学embryology; 心理学psychology; 细胞学cytology; 原生质protoplasm; 细胞膜cell membrane; 细胞核nucleus; 细胞质(浆)cytoplasm; 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid; 能半渗透的semipermeable; 分子生物学molecular biology; 碳水化合物carbohydrate; 有区别性的differentially; 使…完整intact; 根据according to; 遗传特性hereditary trait; 渗滤diffusion; 转换transaction; 蓝图blueprint; 染色体chromosome; 色素pigment; 排出废液excrete waste fluid; 散开disperse; 脉冲信号impulse; 核糖核酸ribonucleic acid; 损害正常功能impair the normal function; 污染环境pollute environment; 功能失调malfunction; 致病因子causative agents; 易受侵害的人群vulnerable groups; 局部化的感染localized infection; 花柳病venereal disease; 抗原与抗体antigen&antibody; 肌电图electromyogram; 多发性硬化multiple sclerosis; 心电图electrocardiograph; 疾病的后遗症sequelea of disease; 光纤技术fiber optic technology; 造血系统hematopoietic system; 致命的疾病fatal disease; 体液body fluid; 无副作用的治疗hazard-free treatment; 无侵犯的实验检查non-invasive laboratory test; 核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance; 葡萄糖耐糖实验the glucose-tolerance test; 乐观的预后optimistic prognosis; 超声波检测法ultrasonography; 病史medical history; 随访活动follow-up visit; 营养不良nutritional deficiency; 使细节显著highlight detail; 脑电图electroencephalogram; 缺血的组织blood-starved tissue; 肌纤维muscle fiber; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 消化道alimentary canal; 肌腹fleshy belly of muscle; 横纹肌striated muscle; 肌肉痉挛cramps of muscle; 肌肉收缩muscle contraction; 肌肉附着点attachment of the muscle; 肌肉放松relaxation of muscle; 动脉出血arterial hemorrhage; 止端insertion;起端origion;供血blood supply; 屈肌flexor; 蛋白分子protein molecule; 纤维结缔组织fibrous connective tissue; 伸肌extensor; 意志力willpower; 横切面transverse section; 起搏器pacemaker; 肌萎缩muscle atrophy; 重症肌无力myasthenia gravis; 弥散性局部缺血diffuse ischemia; 常染色体隐性autosomal recessive; 全身性感染systemic infection; 受累的肌肉muscle involved; 显著相关性significant correlation; 神经末梢nerve terminal; 自体免疫反应autoimmune reaction; 神经支配innervation; 肌营养不良muscular dystrophy; 慢性营养不良chronic mulnutrition; 先天性肌病congenital myopathy; 预期寿命life expectancy; 免疫紊乱immunologic derangemant; 发病高峰年龄the peak age of onset; 胸腺肿瘤thymoma; 呼吸肌受累the involvement of respiratory muscle; 感染性肌炎inflammatory myositic; 去神经支配denervation; 矿物质吸收mineral absorption; 机械应力mechanical stress; 骨基质有机部分the organic parts of bone matrix; 青春期早熟premature puberty; 蛋白溶解酶protein-digesting enzyme; 破骨细胞osteoclast; 松质骨spongy bone; 骨折fracture; 不规则骨irregular bone;
Human Diseases The brief survey of the human body in Chapter One has given us a glimpse into two different studies that are considered the fundamentals of medical sciences, namely anatomy and physiology. However, the picture is not complete without considering pathology, the science that deals with the structural and functional changes produced by the disease. In fact, the modern approach to the study of disorder emphasizes the close relationship of the pathological and physiological aspects and the need to understand the fundamentals of each in treating any body diseases. 第一章中,通过对人体的概论,即解剖学与生理学,我们对两种被认为是医学基础的不同学科有了一个大致的印象。然而如果我们不考虑病理学,这门涉及由疾病带来的结构和功能变化的学科,上述的人体概论就不是完整的。实际上,现代对疾病的研究方法强调了病理学与生理学方面的密切关系,强调了我们在治疗任何人体疾病方面需要了解病理学与生理学基础的重要性。 Then what is a disease? It may be defined as a condition that impairs the proper function of the body or of one of its parts. Every living thing, both plants and animals, can succumb to disease. People, for example, are often infected by tiny bacteria, but bacteria, in turn, can be infected by even more minute viruses. 那么什么是疾病呢?它可能被定义为正常的功能或是部分功能遭受损害时的一种状态。每一种生物、植物和动物,都会受制于疾病。例如,人类常常被微小的细菌所感染,但是,反过来说,细菌又能够被甚至更加微小的病毒所感染。 Hundreds of different diseases exist. Each has its own particular set of symptoms and signs, clues that enable a physician to diagnose the problem. A symptom is something a patient can detect, such as fever, bleeding, or pain. A sign is something a doctor can detect, such as a swollen blood vessel or an enlarged internal body organ. 许多种疾病存在于世。每一种都有其特定的症状、征兆和线索,医生能以此诊断疾病之所在。症状是病人自己就能觉察到的,比如,高烧、流血,或是疼痛。而征兆则是医生能够观察到的,比如,血管扩张或是体内器官肿大。 Diseases can be classified differently. For instance, an epidemic disease is one that strikes many persons in a community. When it strikes the same region year after year it is an endemic disease. An acute disease has a quick onset and runs a short course. An acute heart attack, for example, often hits without warning and can be quickly fatal. A chronic disease has a slow onset and runs a sometimes years-long course. The gradual onset and long course of rheumatic fever makes it a chronic ailment. Between the acute and chronic, another type is called subacute. 疾病可以划分为不同的种类,例如,流行病是一种在某一社区内侵袭许多人的疾病。当它年复一年地袭击同一社区,就成了一种地方病。急性病发作快,但病程短,举个例子来说,急性心脏病发作常常没有前兆,而且会很快致命。慢性病发作则慢,但病程有时会长达几年之久。风湿热正是由于发病慢、病程长而成为一种慢性失调病(慢性病)。而介于急性与慢性之间的另一种类型,就被称为亚急性。 Diseases can also be classified by their causative agents. For instance, an infectious, or communicable, disease is the one that can be passed between persons such as by means of
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 医学专业英语的重点单词终结版 Human Body 1.anatomy(解剖学) 2.embryology(胚胎学) 3.histology(组织学) 4.hematology(血液学) 5.immunology(免疫学) 6.biology(生物学) 7.cytology(细胞学) 8.physiology(生理学) 9.endocrinology(内分泌学) 10.psychology(心理学) 11.skeletal system(骨骼系统) 12.muscular system (肌肉系统) 13.circulatory system (循环系统) 14.respiratory system(呼吸系统) 15.urinary system (泌尿系统) 16. endocrine system(内分泌系统) 17.reproductive system(生殖系统) 18.principal (重要的) 19.joint(关节) 20.cartilage(软骨) 21.bone marrow(骨髓) 22.cube-shaped(立方的) 23.interior(内部的) 24.external (外部的) 25.hinge joint(结合点) 26.pivot joint (区轴点) 27.socket (臼槽) 28.skull (颅骨) 29.elbow (肘部) 30.breast(胸部)31.hip joints (髂关节) 32.cushioning(缓冲) 33.striated muscles(条纹肌) 34.smooth muscles(平滑肌) 35.voluntary muscles(随意肌) 36.function (功能) 37.nourishment(营养) 38.nutrient(营养素) 39.blood vessel(血管) 40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统) 41.artery(动脉) 42.capillary(毛细血管) 43.vein (静脉) 44.lymphatic system(淋巴系统) 45.lymph vessel (淋巴管) 46.lymph nodes(淋巴结) 47.spleen(脾) 48.expel(排除) 49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) 50.oxygen (氧气) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fc6564210.html,rynx,throat(喉管) 52.windpipe、trachea(气管) 53.esophagus(食管) 54.exhale(呼出) 55.molecule(分子) 56.saliva(唾液) 57.enzyme(酶) 58.kidney(肾) 59.urine(尿液) 60.ureter(输尿管) 61.urethra(尿道) 62.bile(胆汁) 63.gallbladder (胆囊) 64.sodium(钠) 65.potassium(钾) 66.bladder(膀胱) 67.pancreas(胰腺) 68.hormone(激素) 69.pituitary(脑垂体) 70.thyroid(甲状腺) 71.adrenal gland (肾上腺) 72.cortisone(可的松) 73.adrenaline(肾上腺素) 74.insulin(胰岛素) 75.glucagon(胰高血糖素) 76.collar bone(锁骨) 77.spinal column(脊柱) 78.spinal cord (脊髓) 79.sperm(精子) 80.ovum (卵子) 81.testis,testes(睾丸) 82.ovary(卵巢) 83.testosterone (睾酮) 84.progesterone(孕酮) 85.estrogen(雌激素) 86.tactile(触觉的) 87.accessory (附属的) 88.pharynx(咽) Human disease 1.pathology (病理学) 2.pathogen(病原体) 3.fungi(真菌) fungus(s.) 4.bacteria(细菌) bacterium(s.) 5.virus(病毒) viruses(pl.) 6.diagnose(诊断) 7.paralysis(瘫痪, 麻痹) 8.symptom(症状) 9.sign(体征) 10.symptomatic(有症状的) 11.asymptomatic(无症状的) 12.acute disease(急性病) 13.chronic disease(慢性病) 14.subacute disease(亚急性病) 15.fatal(致命的) 16.rheumatic fever(风湿热) 17.subarachnoid(蛛网膜下的)18.epidemic disease(传染病) 19.endemic disease(地方病) 20.airborne droplets(空气传播的) 21.apnea(呼吸暂停) 22.atonia(张力缺乏) 23.degeneration(退化) 24.Stomatitis(口腔炎) 25.prolapse(直肠、子宫等脱垂脱出) 26.malfunction(功能失调) 27.obesity(肥胖) 28.malnutrition(营养不良的) 29.hereditary(遗传) 30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的) 31.venereal disease(花柳病) 32.hepatitis(肝炎) 33.colitis(结肠炎) 34.cholera(霍乱) 35.typhoid fever(伤寒) 36.boils(疥) 37.pimples(小脓包) 38.pus(脓) 39.abscess(脓肿) 40.armpit(腋窝) 41.blood poisoning/sepsis(败血症) 42.phagocyte(吞噬细胞) 43.antigen(抗原) 44.antibody(抗体) 45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白) 46.opsonization(调理作用) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fc6564210.html,plement(补体) 48.negative feedback control(负反 馈调节) The Digestive System 1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道) 2.ingestion(摄入) 3.absorption(吸收) 4.digestive(消化) 5.elimination(排泄) 6.oral cavity/buccal cavity(口腔)
一、绪论 中医学TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine), 中医学理论体系的形成Origination of TCM, 形成formation, 发展development 中医学理论体系的基本特点 The basic characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory 整体观the whole concept, 辨证论治syndrome differentiation and treatment 第一章阴阳五行学说 阴阳Yin-yang , 阴阳的特性the property of yin-yang 阴阳之间的相互关系Interaction between yin and yang 阴阳对立制约Opposition of yin and yang 阴阳互根互用Interdependence between yin and yang 阴阳消长平衡Wane and Wax between yin and yang 阴阳相互转化Mutual transformation between yin and yang 阴阳学说在中医学中的应用 The applications of the theory of yin-yang in TCM 说明人体的组织结构Explanation of the histological structure of the human body 解释人体的生理功能Explanation of the physiology function activity of the human body 阐释病理变化Explanation of pathogenesis 阴阳偏盛Relative predominance of yin or yang 阳偏盛Relative predominance of yang 阴偏盛Relative predominance of yin 阴阳偏衰Relative decline of yin or yang 阳偏衰Relative decline of yang 阴偏衰Relative decline of yin 五行the five elements,
医学英语课后翻译答案完 整版 Revised by Jack on December 14,2020
Translation: Unit one 1 医院,在现代意义上,就是由专业人员和专业的设备为病人提供医疗服务的机构,通常但也不总是提供长期的住院治疗。它的历史意义,直至最近,是给退伍战士提供服务的地方。 2 在现代社会,从广义上说,医院或者由它所处的国家的政府提供资助,或者在私营部门通过竞争在经济上生存下来。目前,为医院提供赞助的通常有公共部门,医疗机构,赢利或者非赢利的,医疗保险公司或者教会,包括直接由教会提供捐赠。在历史上,医院通常由宗教机构或者教会的成员或领导来建立和资助。与此不同的是,现代医院主要由专业的内科医生、外科医生和护士组成,在过去这些工作主要由成立医院的宗教机构或者志愿者来完成。 3 一些病人去医院只是去接受诊断和治疗,然后离开,不在医院过夜(门诊病人);也有一些病人被收入院,在医院过夜,甚至长达几个星期或几个月(住院病人)。医院的等级划分通常由它们所提供的医疗设施的类型和为住院病人提供的医疗服务,以及其他的在门诊所提供的医疗服务水平所决定。(医院与其他医疗机构的区别在于它具有将病人收住院并为住院病人提供医疗服务的能力,而其他一类通常称为诊所。) Unit two 1它们平均是每两位医生为一千位病人提供预防性和初级医疗服务。下一级别的为城镇医疗中心,这些中心通常主要为一万到三万位病人
提供门诊医疗服务。每一个中心有十到三十个床位,中心的专业医生为医士(助理医师)。这两个较低级别的医疗机构构成了乡村合作医疗系统,为大多数的乡村病人提供医疗服务。 2强调公共卫生和预防性治疗为主的医疗政策始于50年代早期,在那个时候,共产党开始有大批的人口流动,(动员群众)参与大规模的“爱国卫生运动”,目的在于改进较差的环境卫生,预防某些疾病。 3这一转变对农村医疗卫生产生了一系列重要影响,合作医疗缺乏资金来源,致使赤脚医生数量减少,这就意味着健康教育、初级保健和家庭保健都受挫,在一些村庄,卫生状况和饮用水(水源检测这个大家自己看哈)很少得到监控。 Unit three 1金刚烷阻碍(阻断)了由m2蛋白质形成的离子通道,这一通道在vRNPs释放进入细胞质的过程中是至关重要的。对金刚烷的排斥(耐药)迅速形成,大多数的人类传染性H1N1和H3N2病毒,一些H5N1病毒,大多数的欧洲猪H1N1、H1N2和H3N2病毒都能抵制(耐受)金刚烷。 2(然而),万一(一旦)发生流行性疾病(大流行),鸡蛋供应就会短缺,相反的是,细胞培养是可高度控制的系统,可以促使疫苗的大批量生产,包括这些对抗高致病性H5N1的禽流感病毒(可以促使包括那些针对高致病性H5N1病毒在内的疫苗大批量生产),通过以狗肾传代细胞或者非洲绿猴子肾细胞生产的流感疫苗的纯度和免疫能力