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第二十一章 倒装句

第二十一章  倒装句
第二十一章  倒装句

第二十一章倒装句

英语中主语在前、谓语在后的这种语序一般较为固定,这叫做自然语序"但是在一些句子中,由于语法、修辞强调或句子结构上的需要,谓语移到主语之前,构成了倒装语序(Inverted Word Order)。如果把谓语动词全部移到主语之前,这叫做全部倒装(Full Inversion);如果只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词和连系动词)移到主语之前,这叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。对倒装语序的考查主要体现在以下几个方面。

一、以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句

[高考试题传真]

Be quick! ________. (1986)

A. The bus comes here

B. The bus here comes

C. Here the bus comes

D. Here comes the bus

为了使叙述或描绘更加生动,常将表示运动方向的副词(如here,there,out,in,up,off,down,away,back等)放在句首,谓语动词为go,come,run,rush等表示位置转移的动词,主语为名词,如:

Up went the arrow into the air.飕的一声箭射向天空。

Down came the rain.雨落了下来。

Out rushed a tiger from the woods.忽地一声从树林里冲出一只老虎。

[注意]当主语是人称代词时不用倒装

Away they went.他们一下子走开了。

二、以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句

[高考试题传真]

On the wall _______ two large portraits. (1985)

A. hangs

B. hang

C. hanged

D. hanging

当句首为表示地点的介词短语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,或为了使上下文衔接紧密时,常使用倒装结构。如:

Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.沿着尘土飞扬的路来了一伙游人。

Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns. 入口处外面站着两个带枪的警官。

Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer. 大树底下坐着一个老农夫。

三、以so/neither/nor开头的倒装句

[高考试题传真]

1. ---I like swimming in winter.

---________. (1987)

A. So do I

B. Soldo

C. So do I, too

D. So I do, too

2. ---David has made great progress recently.

---________, and________. (1997, 上海)

A. So he has; so you have

B. So he has; so have you

C. So has he; so have you

D. So has he; so you have

3.---Do you enjoy that trip?

---I'm afraid not. And________. (1985)

A. my classmates don't either

B. my classmates don't too

C. neither do my classmates

D. neither did my classmates

4. After that we never saw her again, nor ________ from her.(1987)

A. did we hear

B. we heard

C. had we heard

D. we have heard

5. ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brothers?

---I don't know, ______ . (1991)

A. nor don’t I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neither

D. I don’t care also

在肯定句中,表达“……也……”这样顺从对方的话题而表达同样的意向时,常用“so+be/have/助动词+主语”的结构,说明前一句谓语表示的情况也适用于另一个/些人或物。如:

In an earthquake, the earth shakes. And so do you. 地震时,地球震动,你也会震动。

The boy died, and a week later, so did his sister.这男孩死了,一星期之后,他姐姐也死了。Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了,人也跟着变了。

[注意]“so+主语+助动词”结构的用法

如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思,表示同意对方的看法,意为“是的,确实”时,句子不用倒装语序。如:

1. ---It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

---My God!___________(1999,上海)

A.So did I

B.So I did

C.So were you

D.So did you

2. ---John won the first prize in the contest.

---_________.(1987)

A.So he did

B.So did he

C.So he did too

D.So did he,too

在否定句中,用nor/neither/no more表示前面的所否定的情况也适用于另一个/些人或物,说明另一主语“也不……”时,需用倒装语序。如:

The first one wasn't good and neither was the second.第一个不好,第二个也不好。

I have never been abroad. Neither has he.我从未出过国,他也没出过国。

I didn't read the notice on the blackboard, nor did he.我没看黑板上的通知,他也没看。

四、以only强调状语的倒装句

[高考试题传真]

1. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings. (1985)

A. did they begin

B. they had begun

C. they did begin

D. had they begun

2. Only by taking a taxi________on time. (1992)

A. you can arrive there

B. arrive there you can

C. can you arrive there

D. there you can arrive

3. Only by practising a few hours every day _______ be able to master the language. (1990,上海)

A. you can

B. can you

C. you will

D. will you

4.Only when the war was over in 1945 ________ to get to a college education. (1986, 上海)

A. he was able

B. he is able

C. was he able

D. is he able

5.Only in this way________progress in your English. (1984)

A. you make

B. can you make

C. you be able to make

D. you will be able to make

副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时,引起部分倒装。如:

Only by seizing every minute can we finish the work on time.我们只有抓住每一分钟,才能完成这项工作。

Only then did we realize that the man was blind.只在那时我们才意识到那人是个瞎子。

Only after three operations was she able to walk without sticks.只有动过3次手术之后,她才能丢弃拐杖走路。

[注意]only修饰主语时不用倒装的情况

如果only修饰的词不是作状语,而是作主语时,句子就不用倒装。如:

Only his mother was invited.只有他的妈妈被邀请了。

0nly sowie of the children passed the examination.只有几个孩子通过了考试。

五、以否定词开头的倒装句

[高考试题传真]

1. Not until I began to work _______ how much time I had wasted. (1990)

A. didrit I realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize

D. I realized

2. Little ________ about his own safety though he was in great danger himself. (1994, 上海)

A. does he care

B. did he care

C. he cares

D. he cared

3. Not until all the fish died in the river ________ how serious the pollution was. (1995)

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn't the villagers realize

4. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ________so happy. (2000,春季)

A. did I feel

B. I felt

C. I had felt

D. had I felt

5. Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ what heat is. (1989)

A. man did know

B. man know

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

6. Not only ______ polluted but _____ crowded. (1991,上海)

A. was the city; were the streets

B. the city was; were the streets

C. was the city; the streets were

D. the city was; the streets were 7. ________ got into the room ________ the telephone rang.(1988)

A. He hardly had; then

B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; than

D. Not had he; when

为了强调句子中的否定状语,常将其置于句首,这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有: at no time, by no means, hardly /scarcely /barely...when, few, little, never, no sooner...than, not, not until, nowhere, not only...but also, on no account, rarely, seldom, under / in no circumstances等。如:

Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person. 我一生中中很少见到过这样意志坚强的人。

Never before had she carried out a brain operation. 她以前从未进行过脑部手术。

Little does he care about what others think. 他一点儿也不在乎别人怎么想。

Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 世界上没有别的地方能像这样美,这样幽静。

Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不但要对找工作的人提供帮助,而且也对需要治病的人提供医疗。

[注意]否定词只否定主语或副词时就不用倒装

Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到处见不到一个人。

Hardly anybody believes that. 几乎没有人相信那件事。

Not long ago it rained. 不久前下过雨。

Not only...but also... 如果连接两个句子,则第一个句子倒装,第二个句子不倒装。如:

Not only is the story interesting, but also its English will help us in writing. 这故事不但有趣,而且它的英文文字对我们写作也有帮助。

六、省略了if的虚拟条件从句

[高考试题传真]

1. ________for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often. (1995,上海)

A. If it is not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

2. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (1994, 上海)

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

在含有were,had,should等词的虚拟条件句中,可把连词if省去,把这三个词移至句首,从而形成倒装。如:

Were he here now (=If he were here now) , he would tell us what to do.要是他现在在这儿,他会告诉我们怎么办的。

Had you been at the meeting yesterday, I should have seen you.要是你昨天参加了会议,我会看到你的。

Should it not rain, the crops would die.要是不下雨,庄稼就要枯死了。

七、连词as/though引导的让步状语从句

[高考试题传真]

________, he doesn't study well. (1985)

A. As he is clever

B. He is as clever

C. Clever as he is

D. As clever he is

这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。在句首的如果是名词,不要带冠词;但如果名词前有形容词修饰,则常常带冠词。如:

Old as he is, he is full of energy.他虽然年老,但精力充沛。

Tired ax fee was, he worked late into the night.

尽管他很累,但他仍工作到深夜。

Child as he was, he was very brave.尽管他是个孩子,但他非常勇敢。

Poor though I am, I can afford beer.我虽穷,但还喝得起啤酒。

八、so…that引导的结果状语从句

[高考试题传真]

So________that no fish can live in it. (1992,上海)

A. the lake is shallow

B. shallow the lake is

C. shallow is the lake

D. is the lake shallow

so在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时,主句要用倒装语序,后面通常接that引导的结果状语从句。如:

So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.他说话的声音那么大,楼上都听得见。

So astonished was he that he could scarcely contain himself for joy.他如此惊讶,以至于高兴得不能自制。

九、however引导的让步状语从句

[高考试题传真]

1. We'll have to finish the job, ________. (1999)

A. long it takes however

B. it takes however long

C. long however it takes

D. however long it takes

2. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.(1997)

A. However late is he

B. However he is late

C. However is he late

D. However late he is

however为连接副词,引导让步状语从句,其意义和作用相当于no matter how。however 后面接形容词或副词,其基本结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。如:

However cold it is, she always goes swimming.无论天气多么冷,她总是去游泳。

教你巧学巧记:

巧学倒装句

倒装句是中学英语语法重点,也是高考试题的热点。其用法较为复杂。为了便于同学们掌握记忆,我们总结归纳了以下“四个要点”和“三个口诀”。希望对同学们学习与掌握这一知识有所帮助。

一、辨清结构就是要分清是全部还是部分倒装。可记以下顺口溜:

A.位置副词①there句②,

全为句子保平衡③,

neither,nor,so也如此④,

上述全部倒着行。

B. 部分倒装要记清。

位置副词主人称⑤,

only⑥,否定词⑦放句首,

让步⑧、虚拟⑨有感情⑩。

说明:A.①②③④情况一般全部倒装。①表示位置关系的副词(如here,there,out,in,up,down,away等)开头的句型。如:

Out rushed the soldiers.

②there开头的固定倒装句型。如:There goes the bell.

③为了保持句子平衡,或强调表语或状语时,一般用全部倒装。如:

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

④“so(neither,nor)+助动词+主语”句型。如:

He has never been to New York,neither have I.

B.⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩情况下一般用部分倒装。⑤当表位置关系的副词开头的句子主语是人称代词时,用部分倒装。如:

Here you are.

⑥only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句用于句首时。如:

Only in this way can you learn from the mistakes.

⑦表示否定意义的副词和连词(如no,not,never,little,hardly等)用于句首时,用部分倒装结构。如:

Not a single mistake did he make.

⑧让步状语从句常用部分倒装。如:

Proud as these nobles are,they dare not see me.

⑨含有were,had,should的虚拟条件句,常用部分倒装而把if省略。如:

Had I had a knife,I would have lent it to you.

⑩感叹句用部分倒装。如:

What good news it is!

二、记牢引词就是要记住哪些常用副词和连词常能引起倒装结构。中学教材常用到:

9N①2S②和only,

还有little,hardly。

说明:①9N:no,not,never,neither,nor,not until,not only but also,no soonerthan,no matter。②2S:so,seldom。

三、注意位置就是要注意在复合句或并列句中,要在何处倒装。可记下列口诀:only,NU主倒装①,

NB前句也一样②,

NM前后不用管③,

NN前后全倒装④。

说明:①only+状语从句和Not until+状语从句位于句首时,只有主句倒装,从句不倒装。如:Only when he told me did I know it.

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

②Not onlybut also引导的并列句。当Not only位于句首时,前一个分句倒装。如:

Not only did he come,but also he was very happy.

③No matter+状语从句,主句和从句的主语谓语均不倒装。如:

No matter how busy he is,he always comes to help us.

④Neither,nor引导的并列句,若两词均位于分句之前,前后两句谓语动词均倒装。如:Neither do I know her name,nor does he.

巩固性练习:

1.Look,________.

A.here the bus comes

B.here is the bus coming

C.here comes the bus

D.here the bus is coming

2.----Where is Kate?

----Look,_______.She is at the school gate.

A.there she is

B.there is she

C.here you are

D.here it is

3.Which of the following sentences is right?

A.In the teacher came

B.In did come the teacher

C.In did the teacher

D.In came the teacher

4.Out______,with a stick in his hand.

A.did he rush

B.rushed he

C.he rushed

D.he did rush

5._________,he is honest.

A.As he is poor

B.Poor is he

C.Poor as he is

D.Poor as is he

6.__________,he knows a lot of things.

A.A child as he is

B.Child as he is

C.A child as is he

D.Child as is he

7.________,you can’t lift the heavy box up.

A.Even you’re strong

B.Strong as you are

C.How strong you are

D.As you’re strong

8.So carelessly________that he almost killed himself.

A.he was driving

B.he drove

C.has he driven

D.did he drive

9.Early in the day______the enemy were gone.

A.the news came that

B.came the news that

C.did the news come that

D.came the news which

10.Only when you realize the importance of foreign langauges______them well.

A.you can learn

B.can you learn

C.that you can learn

D.and you can learn

11.Only after liberation_______to be treated as human beings.

A.did they begin

B.they began

C.that they began

D.had they begun

12.Not only_______to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.

A.that he was forced

B.he was forced

C.had he been forced

D.was he forced

13.Not until his father was out of prison______to school.

A.that John could go

B.John couldn’t go

C.could John go

D.John could go

14.Never before_______such a stupid man.

A.I have seen

B.I saw

C.have I seen

D.did I see

15.Rarely_________such a silly thing.

A.have I heard of

B.I have heard of

C.I had heard of

D.had I heard of

16.Little________about his own health though he was very ill.

A.he cared

B.did he care

C.has he cared

D.he would care

17.Seldom_______him recently.

A.I met

B.I have met

C.have I met

D.I had met

18.Hardly_________down when stepped in.

A.I sat

B.I had sat

C.did I sit

D.had I sat

19.No sooner_______asleep_______she heard a knock at the door.

A.had she fallen;when

B.had she fallen;than

C.did she fall;than

D.did she fall;when

20.He did not see Smith.________.

A.Neither did I

B.Nor didn’t I

C.Neither I did

D.So didn’t I

21.----You ought to have given them some advice.

----________,but who cared what I said.

A.So ought I

B.So I ought

C.So I have

D.So I did

22.----It was hot yesterday.

----_______.

A.It was so

B.So was it

C.So it was

D.So it did

23.She’s passed the examination._________.

A.So did I

B.So have I

C.So I have

D.So I did

24.----You like football very much.

----_________.

A.So do I

B.I did so

C.So I like

D.So I do

25.If you don’t go,_________.

A.I won’t go,too

B.neither will I

C.nor do I

D.so don’t I

26.Not only______polluted but______crowded. (上海91)

A.was the city;were the streets

B. the city was;were the streets

C.was the city; the streets were

D. the city was; the streets were

27.So______that no fish can live in it. (上海92)

A.the lake is shallow

B.shallow the lake is

C.shallow is the lake

D.is the lake shallow

28.I finally get the job I dreamed about.Never in all my life______so happy. (2000春季)

A.did I feel

B.I felt

C.I had felt

D.had I felt

29.---Have a cup of tea,_______?

---Thank you.

A.shall we

B.won’t you

C.don’t you

D.haven’t you

30.The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,______?

A.did they

B.didn’t they

C.did it

D.didn’t it

答案:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.B 30.D

文言文中的四种倒装句

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主要格式如下: [疑问代词宾语+(能愿动词)+动词](疑问代词做动词的宾语必须前置) 例:吾谁欺?欺天乎?(《论语?子罕》)——我欺骗谁呢?欺骗天吗? [疑问代词宾语+介词] 例:何为不去也?(《苛政猛于虎》)——为什么不离开这里呢? (3)一般句式中动词的代词宾语的前置 这种现象一般出现在先秦古籍里。 其特点是:代词宾语+动词 例:民献有十夫予翼。(《尚书?大诰》)——民间贤人有十个协助我。 (4)一般句式中介词宾语的前置 为了强调介词的宾语,将宾语提到介词的前面,构成宾语+介词格式。 例1:诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。(《论语?为政》)——《诗经》三百篇,用一句话概括它,叫做:思想内容没有邪恶的。 例2:楚战士无不一以当十。(《史记?项羽本纪》)——楚国的战士没有什么人不是用一个抵挡十个的。 以上两个例句的“一言”和“一”做介词“以”的宾语,前置以后,就突出强调宾语“一言”和“一”。 值得注意的是代词“自”做动词、介词的宾语必须前置,这是文言文中宾语前置的一种情况,不多见。例曰:“宁信度,无自信也。”(《郑人买履》)——回答说:“宁可相信尺码,不相信自己(的脚)啊。” (5)宾语前置的标志——“之”“是”等 宾语提到动词或介词的前面,可以在宾语的后面加助词 “之”“是”“为”“来”“焉”等做标志。 例:何不可之有?(《左传?昭公五年》)——有什么不可? 二、谓语前置句(主谓倒装句) 按照现代汉语的语序规则,主语和谓语的次序,通常是主语在前,

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英语倒装句(最全面_最简洁)

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英语倒装句用法

英语倒装句用法

英语倒装句用法 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

倒装句用法总结归纳 一、部分倒装: 1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装: I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 注意: (1) 对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序: He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装: On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 (3) 但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序: In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序: Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 3.“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装: So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。 4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构: You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。 注意: (1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor: You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。 (2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别: "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。” "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应

倒装句的用法总结

倒装句的用法总结 今天给大家带来倒装句的用法,让我们一起来学习吧。下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。 倒装句的用法 倒装有两种: 将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面*就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。 一、表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

文言文中的倒装句式

文言文中的倒装句式 请牢记以下汉语句子结构图: (定)主+(状)谓+(定)宾 (补) 这是讲述一切语法知识的根本! 一、定语后置 我们知道,定语(形容词或形容词性短语)是用来限制或修饰中心词(名词或名词性短语)的,一般放在中心词的前面。这是古今汉语的共同规律。但在古汉语里,有时为了强调和突出定语,把它放到中心词的后面,这种语法现象就称为定语后置。 形式变为:主(定)+谓+宾或者:主+谓+宾(定) 定语后置一般有标志性的词语。所以,我们可以根据这些特点把它归结为四种常见的形式: 1.中心词+之+后置定语 例如:①(古)蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。(《劝学》) (今)蚯蚓没有锋利的爪牙,强健的筋骨。 ②(古)居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。(《岳阳楼记》) (今)处在高高的庙堂上,就为他的人民忧虑,处在僻远的江湖间,就替他的君主担忧。 分析: ①②句中的中心词分别是“爪牙”、“筋骨”、“庙堂”、“江湖”,后置定语分别是“利”、“强”、“高”、“远”,四个“之”是定语后置句的标志,无实在意义。 2.中心词+之(而)+后置定语+者 例如: ③(古)马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石。(《马说》)

(今)能日行千里的马,吃一顿有时要吃一担粮食。 ④(古)此四者,天下之穷民而无告者。(《孟子"梁惠王下》) (今)这四种人,是天下无依无靠的走投无路的老百姓。 ⑤石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。 分析: ③④句中的中心词分别是“马”、“穷民”,后置定语分别是“千里”、“无告”,标志性的词语分别是“之……者”、“而……者”,其中的“者”相当现代汉语中联系定语和中心词的结构助词“的”。 3.中心词+后置定语+者 例如: ⑥(古)村中少年好事者,驯养一虫。(《促织》) (今)村里好事的少年,养了一只蟋蟀。 ⑦太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠送之。 分析: ⑥句中的中心词是“少年”,后置定语是“好事”,“者”是标志性词语。 4.中心词+数量词: 例如: ⑧(古)尝贻余核舟一。(《核舟记》) (今) (他)曾经送给我一只用桃核雕刻的小船。 ⑨为人五,为窗八,……为字三十有四 分析: ⑧句中的“一”作“核舟”的定语。 另外,辨识定语后置要注意两点:一是表示领属性的定语(如“永州之野产异蛇”)不能后置,只有一般用来表示人或事物的性质、状态、时间、处所、数量等修饰性定语才能后置。二是要注意把定语后置和某些表面上相类似的语言形式区别开来。例如: ⑨村中少年好事 (定语+主语+谓语+宾语) ⑩村中少年之好事者 (定语后置) ⑾村中少年之好事 (主语与谓语之间加了一个结构助词“之”,取消句子的独立性) 小结:

最新倒装句用法总结

倒装句用法总结专题 英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装,只将助动词或情态到主语之前称为部分倒装 一、完全倒装(主谓倒装)是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。 例:In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 1.以here, there,now, then引导的句子,要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell! 注意:若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。 Here he comes . / Here it is . 2句首以out , in , up ,away , down 等副词开头,句子要完全倒装。(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构。)如:Up went the rocket. /Up it went. 3. 介词短语作状语在句首,句子要完全倒装。注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker. 4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。 如:Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat. 5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的不是同一人或物。 如:She has finished her homework, so has her brother. She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he. 二、部分倒装(助动词倒装)是指把谓语的一部分(助动词)提到主语的前面。例:Never in my life have I seen such a thing. 1.用于疑问句中。 如:How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday? 2. if 从句中如有were ( had , should ) , if 省去后,要部分倒装,把were,had,should提到主语前面。如:If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him. ---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 3.as 引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装(表语、状语倒装)。有以下几种形式: 1)副词置于句首。 如:Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.

倒装句例句

倒装句型的用法 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1.倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是________________________________________。此结构通常只用什么时态________________________。常见的结构有:1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 Then came the chairman. 你的信。_______________________ 2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 前面坐着一个老妪。___________________________________ 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. 他们走开了。___________________________ 2. 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指________________________________________如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需__________________________ 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 ________________________________________________________

文言文倒装句详解_0

文言文倒装句详解 倒装句式(主谓倒装宾语前置定语后置介词结构作状语后置) 现代汉语的句子成分的顺序,一般为“王─谓─宾”“定(状)─中心词”,但在文言文中,在一定条件下,句子成分的顺序会发生变化的,这就是古汉语中的所谓倒装句,即指文言文中一些句子成分的顺序出现了前后颠倒的情况。主要有以下几种倒装形式:主谓倒装(谓语前置或主语后说)古汉语中,谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样,一般放在主语之后,但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些疑问句或感叹句中,就把谓语提前到主语前面。 如:“甚矣,汝之不惠!”(《愚公移山》)实际上是“汝之不惠甚矣!” 宾语前置 文言文中,动词或介词的宾语,一般置于动词或介词之后,但在一定条件下,宾语会前置,其条件是:第一、疑问句中,疑问代词作宾语,宾语前置。这类句子,介词的宾语也是前置的。如:“沛公安在?”(《史记.项羽本记》)这种类型的句子关键是作宾语的疑问代词(像:谁、何、奚、曷、胡、恶、安、焉等)。值得注意的是,介词“以”的宾语比较活跃,即使不是疑问代词,也可以前置。如:“余是以记之,以俟观人风者得焉。”(柳宗元《捕蛇者说》)其中的“是”是一般代词,但也前置了。第二、文言否定句中,代词作宾语,宾语前置。这类句子有两点要注意,一是否定句(一般句中必须有“不”、“未”“毋”、“无”、“莫”等否定词);二是代词作宾语。如:“时人莫之许也。”(陈寿《三国志.诸葛亮传》)正常语序应该是“时人莫许之也。”第三、用“之”或“是”把宾语提前取动词前,以突出强调宾语。这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义。如:“句读之不知,惑之不解。”(韩愈《师说》)有时,还可以在前置的宾语前加上一个范围副词“唯”,构成“唯......是......”的格式。如:“唯利是图”、“唯命是从”等。第四、介词宾语前置的情况除了第一种情况外,还有一种情况,就是方位词、时间词作宾语时,有时也前置;例如:“亚父南向坐。”(《史记.项羽本记》)意思是“业文面向南坐。” 定语后置 文言文中,定语的位置一般也在中心词前边,但有时为了突出,中心词的地位,强调定语所表现的内容,或使语气流畅,往往把定语放在中心词之后,并用“者”结句,形成“中心词+后置定语+者”或“中心词+之+后置定语+者”的形式。如:“求人可使报秦者,未得。”(《史记.廉颇蔺相如列传》)以及:“石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。”(苏轼《石钟山记》)等。应注意的是,文言文中定语后置只限于表示修饰关系的句子,表领属关系的定语则不后置。 介词结构作状语后置介词结构即介宾短语,文言文中常见的是用“以”、“于”组成的介宾短语,作状语后置有以下几种情况:第一、用介词“于”组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都处在补语的位置,译成现代汉语时,除少数仍作补语外,大多数都要移到动词前作状语。如:“青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝。”(荀子《劝学》)两个“于蓝”在翻译时,都要放在动词前做状语。第二、介词“以”组成的介宾短语,在今译时,一般都作状语。如:“具告以事。”(《史记.项羽本记》)即“以事具告。”这种句子往往是承前省略了动词宾语,实际就是“以事具告(之)。”还有一种民政部要注意,介词“乎”组成的介宾短语在补语位置时,在翻译时,可视情况而定其成分。如:“生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾。”(韩愈《师说》)句子中的“生乎吾前”既可译为“在我的前面出生”,作状语,又可译为“生在我的前面”,作补语,一般来说仍作补语,而“固先乎吾”的“乎吾”则一定要作状语。 省略句式

特殊句式之倒装句(上)

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f915364569.html, 特殊句式之倒装句(上) 作者:朱忠乐 来源:《作文周刊(高中·人教版)》2010年第24期 《考试大纲》指出,在中学阶段,学生应理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。宾语前置句属于倒装句的一种(其他几种分别为:主谓倒装句、定语后置句和状语后置句),了解并掌握宾语前 置的文言句式,对学生正确翻译句子,了解文意,提高文言文阅读能力有很大的帮助。下面我们就针对在高中课本中出现的宾语前置的情况进行简要的归类分析。 从大的方向来看,宾语前置一般分为两大类型,即动词宾语前置和介词宾语前置。 一、动词宾语前置 文言文中宾语提到动词前的情况有两种: 1.否定句中代词作宾语,有两个必须满足的条件就是“否定句”和“代词”。这是判断文句是不是宾语前置的标准之一。否定句就是表示否定的句子,无论句中是有否定副词“不、弗、未、非、否、毋”,还是有表示否定的动词“无”、不定代词“莫”,这种句子都叫否定句。如果在这种句子中,它的宾语是代词,那么,宾语一般放在谓语动词之前、否定词之后。如“保民而王,莫之能御也”(《齐桓晋文之事》)一句中有否定代词“莫”和代词“之”,宾语“之”放在谓语动词之前、否定词之后,所以这句话属于宾语前置,其正常语序应该为“保民而王,莫能御之也”,翻译为“保全百姓而称王,没有谁能够抵挡他”。 2.疑问句中代词作宾语,有两个必须满足的条件就是“疑问句”和“代词”。这也是判断文句是不是宾语前置的标准之一。在古代并没有标点符号断句,所以在阅读古文典籍的时候,文句句末并没有问号,那么我们可以通过疑问代词来判断它是不是疑问句。在古代汉语里,疑问代词一般有“何、谁、恶(作代词时读wū)、安、焉、胡、奚、曷、孰等”。如“大王来何操?”(《鸿门宴》)一句中有明显的问号提示,同时又有疑问代词“何”,所以这句话属于宾语前置,其正常语序应该为“大王来操何”,翻译为“大王来的时候拿了什么东西没有”。 综合以上两点,我们必须明确以下几方面内容: 1.判断动词宾语前置的标准是“在否定句或在疑问句中,代词作宾语的时候要前置”。如果宾语不是代词,即使整个句子是否定句或疑问句,也不会把宾语前置。如“时天下承平日久,自王侯 以下莫不逾侈”(《张衡传》)一句中虽然出现了不定代词“莫”,但不属于宾语前置。 2.常用的代词有“我”“吾”“余”“彼”“女”“尔”“之”等,有些词(如“君”“子”“等”)虽然有一定的称代作用,但因为它们终究不是代词,而是名词,所以,即使在否定句中作宾语也不前置。如“山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处”(《白雪歌送武判官归京》)一句中,“君”在这里作名词,所以这句话不属于宾语前置。

英语倒装句的用法讲解

英语倒装句的用法讲解 倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。 完全倒装 1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。 例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装) In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。) 2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。 例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。) 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如: 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如: 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如: 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如: 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装) 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (6)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如: 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如: 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。

全部倒装

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文言文倒装句解析

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