新世纪博士生综合英语Unit 6 Death and Justice课文及译文

Unit 6：Death and Justice

How Capital Punishment Affirms Life

By Edward I. Koch

死亡与司法

死刑如何肯定生命

Edward I. Koch

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fb15526694.html,st December a man named Robert Lee Willie, who had been convicted of raping and murdering an eighteen-year-old woman, was executed in the Louisiana state prison. In a statement issued several minutes before his death, Mr. Willie said: “Killing people is wrong… It makes no difference whether it’s citizens, countries, or governments. Killing is wrong.” Two weeks later in South Carolina, an admitt ed killer named Joseph Carl Shaw was put to death for murdering two teenagers. In an appeal to the governor for clemency, Mr. Shaw wrote: “Killing was wrong when I did it. Killing was wrong when you do it. I hope you have the courage and moral strength to stop the killing.”

去年12月，一个名叫罗伯特.李.威利的罪犯在路易斯安那州的监狱中被处决，罪名是强奸和谋杀一名18岁的女子。在其死亡前几分钟发表的一份声明中，威利先生说：“杀人是错误的... ... 无论是公民、国家，还是政府，都没有区别。杀人是不对的”。两周后在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为约瑟夫.卡尔.肖的杀人犯因为杀害两名青少年被处死。在上诉到州长请求宽恕时，肖先生说：“当我杀人时杀人是错误的。当你杀人时杀人也是错误的。我希望你有勇气和道德力量来阻止杀戮。”

2.It is a curiosity of modern life that we find ourselves being lectured on morality by cold-blooded killers. Mr. Willie previously had been convicted of aggravated rape, aggravated kidnapping, and the murders of a Louisiana deputy and a man from Missouri. Mr. Shaw committed another murder a week before the two for which he was executed, and admitted mutilating the body of the fourteen-year-old girl he killed. I can’t help wondering what prompted these murderers to speak out against killing as they entered the death-house door. Did their newfound reverence for life stem from the realization that they were about to lose their own?

冷血的杀人犯对我们进行道德说教，这真是现代社会的一件奇事。威利先生之前已经犯有恶性强奸罪、恶性绑架罪和谋杀一名路易斯安那州副州长和一名密苏里州人的谋杀罪。肖先生在杀害致其被处死的两个人的一周前，还进行了另一起谋杀，他承认肢解了他所杀害的14岁女孩的身体。我不禁要问，是什么原因促使这些凶手在走入鬼门关的时候发表反对杀人的言论。他们重新发现对生命的尊重是源于意识到即将失去自己的生命了吗？

3.Life is indeed precious, and I believe the death penalty helps to affirm this fact. Had the death penalty been a real possibility in the minds of these murderers, they might well have stayed their hand. They might have shown moral awareness before their victims died, and not after. Consider the tragic death of Rosa Velez, who happened to be home when a man named Luis Vera burglarized her apartment in Brooklyn. “Yeah, I shot her,” Vera admitted. “She knew me, and I knew I wouldn’t go to the chair.”

生命无疑是宝贵的，我相信死刑可以肯定这一事实。如果这些杀人犯脑子里真想到过死刑的话，他们就可能会手下留情，就应该会在受害者死亡之前而不是之后表现出道德良知。考虑罗莎.贝莱斯的悲惨死亡，当一个名为路易斯.维拉的人在她布鲁克林的公寓内盗窃时，她碰巧回家。“是的，我射杀了她，”维拉承认。“她认识我，并且我知道我不会被处死刑。”

4.During my twenty-two years in public service, I have heard the pros and cons of capital punishment expressed with special intensity. As a district leader, councilman, congressman, and mayor, I have represented constituencies generally thought of as liberal. Because I support the death penalty for heinous crimes of murder, I have sometimes been the subject of emotional and outraged attacked by voters who find my position reprehensible or worse. I have listened to their ideas. I have weighed their objections carefully. I still support the death penalty. The reasons I maintain my position can be best understood by examining the arguments most frequently heard in opposition.

在我二十多年的公共服务期间，我听过关于死刑利弊的种种表达。作为一个选区的领导人、议会议员、国会议员和市长，我代表了普遍被认为是自由派的选民。因为我支持对十恶不赦的谋杀判处死刑，我有时是选民情绪和愤怒的攻击对象，他们觉得我的立场应该受到攻击或者更糟。我听取了他们的想法，仔细权衡了他们的反对意见，但仍然支持死刑。我坚持自己立场的原因，可以通过剖析最常听到的反对观点来解释。

5.Reason 1. The death penalty is “barbaric.”Sometimes opponents of capital punishment horrify with tales of lingering death on the gallows, of faulty electric chairs, or of agony in the gas chamber. Partly in response to such protests, several states such as North Carolina and Texas switched to execution by lethal injection. The condemned person is put to death painlessly, without ropes, voltage, bullets, or gas. Did this answer the objections of death penalty opponents? Of course not. On June 22, 1984, the New York Times published an editorial that sarcastically attacked the new “hygienic” method of death by injection, and stated that “execution can never be made humane through science.” So it’s not the method that really troubles opponents. It’s the death itself they consider barbaric.

5. 原因1：死刑是“野蛮的”。有时候，绞刑架上凌迟的讲述、故障死刑电椅上的讲述、或在毒气室中临死挣扎的讲述使得死刑反对者更害怕。在一定程度上是为了响应这样的抗议，北卡罗莱纳州和得克萨斯州等几个州改为注射毒针来执行死刑。判刑的人被无痛苦地杀死，没有绳索、电压、子弹或气体。这就回答了死刑反对者的异议了吗？当然没有。1984年6月22日，纽约时报发表了一篇社论，讽刺性地攻击了新的“卫生”的注射死亡方法，并指出“科学从来不能使死刑变得仁慈”。所以真正困扰反对者的不是方法，而是他们认为死亡本身是野蛮的。

6.Admittedly, capital punishment is not a pleasant topic. However, one does not have to like the death penalty in order to support it any more than one must like radical surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy in order to find necessary these attempts at curing cancer. Ultimately, we may learn how to cure cancer with a simple pill. Unfortunately, the day has not yet arrived. Today we are faced with the choice of letting the cancer spread or trying to cure it with the methods available, methods that one day will almost certainly be

considered barbaric. But to give up and do nothing would be far more barbaric and would certainly delay the discovery of an eventual cure. The analogy between cancer and murder is imperfect, because murder is not the “disease” we are trying to cure. The disease is injustice. We may not like the death penalty, but it must be available to punish crimes of cold-blooded murder, cases in which any other form of punishment would be inadequate and, therefore, unjust. If we create a society in which injustice is not tolerated, incidents of murder—the most flagrant form of injustice—will diminish.

诚然，死刑是不愉快的话题。然而，正如一个人不必喜欢根治性手术、放疗或化疗，以便找到治疗癌症的必要尝试；一个人也没必要为了支持死刑而喜欢死刑。最终，我们可能学会如何用简单的药丸治愈癌症。不幸的是，这一天还没有来到。现在，我们面临着选择让癌细胞扩散，还是选择试图用现有的方法治愈它。现有方法最终几乎肯定会被认为是野蛮的。但放弃，或什么也不做将更为野蛮，肯定会延迟最终治愈方法的发现。癌症和谋杀之间的比喻是不完美的，因为谋杀不是我们试图治愈的“疾病”。这种疾病是不公正。因此，我们可能不喜欢死刑，但必须用死刑来惩罚冷血杀手的谋杀，在这些案件中任何其他形式的惩罚是不够的和不公正的。如果我们构建一个不能容忍不公正的社会，谋杀这种最臭名远扬的不公正形式将会减少。

7.Reason 2. No other major democracy uses the death penalty.No other major democracy—in fact, few other countries of any description—are plagued by a murder rate such as that in the United States. Fewer and fewer Americans can remember the days when unlocked doors were the norm and murder was a rare and terrible offense. In America the murder rate climbed 122 percent between 1963 and 1980. During the same period, the murder rate in New York increased by almost 400 percent, and the statistics are even worse in many other cities. A study at MIT showed that based on 1970 homicide rates a person who lived in a large American city ran a greater risk of being murdered than an American soldier in World War Two ran of being killed in combat. It is not surprising that the laws of each country differ according to differing conditions and traditions. If other countries had our murder problem, the cry for capital punishment would be just as loud as it is here. And I dare say that any other major democracy where 75 percent of the people supported the death penalty would soon enact it into law.

原因2、没有其他主要的民主国家使用死刑。没有其他主要的民主国家，事实上是其他任何描述的国家，都没有美国的谋杀率高。越来越少的美国人记得不锁门是一种习惯，谋杀是一种罕见的、可怕的罪行的时代。1963年和1980年间，美国的谋杀率上升了122％。同一时期，纽约的谋杀率上升了近400％，其他许多城市的统计则更糟糕。麻省理工学院的一项研究表明，根据1970年谋杀率，一个住在美国大城市的人被谋杀的风险，要比在二战时美国士兵在战斗中被打死的风险大。依据不同的条件和传统，每个国家的法律也不同这并不奇怪。如果其他国家存在我们的谋杀问题，死刑的呼声会同样响亮。我敢说，有75％的人支持死刑的任何其他主要民主国家将会尽快将死刑写入法律。

8.Reason 3. An innocent person might be executed by mistake. Consider the work of Hugo Adam Bedau, one of the most implacable foes of capital punishment in this country. According to Mr. Bedau, it is “false sentimentality to argue that the death penalty should be abolished because of the abstract possibility that an innocent person

might be executed.” He cites a study of the seven thousand executions in this country from 1892 to 1971, and concludes that the record fails to show that such cases occur. The main point, however, is this. If government function ed only when the possibility of error didn’t exist, government wouldn’t function at all. Human life deserves special protection, and one of the best ways to guarantee that protection is to assure that convicted murderers do not kill again. Only the death penalty can accomplish this end. In a recent case in New Jersey, a man named Richard Biegenwald was freed from prison after serving eighteen years for murder; since his release he has been convicted of committing four murders. A prisoner named Lemuel Smith, who, while serving four life sentences for murder (plus two life sentences for kidnapping and robbery) in New York’s Green Haven Prison, lured a wom an corrections officer into the chaplain’s office and strangled her. He then mutilated and dismembered her body. An additional life sentence for Smith is meaningless. Because New York has no death penalty statute, Smith has effectively been given a license to kill.

原因3、一个无辜的人可能会被错误地处死。考虑雨果.亚当.贝多的著作，他是美国最坚决的死刑反对者之一。根据贝多先生的观点，因可能误杀无辜这种抽象的可能性而废除死刑的主张是虚假的感情用事。他引用了一项关于1892年到1971年间美国的7000例执行死刑的研究，并得出该项研究并不能表明这些案例的发生。然而，主要的一点正是如此。如果政府只在不存在错误可能性的时候发挥作用时，那么政府将不会发挥任何作用。人的生命值得特别保护，而保证这种保护的最佳方式之一是保证杀人犯不再杀人。只有死刑可以做到这一点。最近在新泽西州的一个案件中，一个名叫Richard Biegenwald的男子因谋杀而服刑十八年后被释放；自从被释放，他已经又被控诉犯了四起谋杀罪。一个名为莱缪尔.史密斯的囚犯，因谋杀罪被判四次终身监禁（加上因绑架和抢劫被判处的两次终身监禁），在纽约的绿岛监狱服刑期间，将一名女劳教官诱骗到牧师办公室，将其扼死，并肢解了她的尸体。再加上一个终身监禁对史密斯来说已经没有意义。因为纽约没有死刑法规，实际上已经给了史密斯一个杀人执照。

9.But the problem of multiple murder is not confined to the nation’s penitentiaries. In 1981, ninety-one police officers were killed in the line of duty in this country. Seven percent of those arrested in the cases that have been solved had a previous arrest for murder. In New York City in 1976 and 1977, eighty-five persons arrested for homicide. Six of these individuals had two previous arrests for murder, and one had four previous murder arrests. During the two years the New York police were arresting for murder persons with a previous arrest for murder on the average of one every eight and a half days. This is not surprising when we learn that in 1975, for example, the median time served in Massachusetts for homicide was less than two and a half years. In 1976 a study sponsored by the Twentieth Century Fund found that the average time served in the United States for first-degree murder is ten years. The median time served may be considerably lower.

但多重谋杀的问题并不仅仅局限于国家监狱。1981年，在美国有91名警察在执行任务的时候被杀害。在已经破获的案件中，7%的被捕者之前都曾因谋杀而被逮捕过。在纽约，1976年和1977年有85人因涉嫌杀人被捕，其中,6个人之前曾因谋杀罪被逮捕过两次，其中1名之前曾因谋杀罪被逮捕过四次。在这两年纽约警察逮捕的杀人犯中，平均每八天半就会有一个杀人犯之前曾因谋杀而被逮过。当我们了解这个事实：例如，1975年，马萨诸塞州杀人犯的平均服刑时间不足两年半；就不会感到奇怪。1976年，由二十世纪基金赞助的一项研究发

现，美国一级谋杀罪的平均服刑时间是十年。平均服刑时间可能会更低。

10.Reason 4. Capital punishment cheapens the value of human life. On the contrary, it can be easily demonstrated that the death penalty strengthens the value of human life. If the penalty for rape were lowered, clearly it would signal a lessened regard for the victim’s suffering, humiliation, and personal integrity. It would cheapen their horrible experience, and expose them to an increased danger of recurrence. When we lower the penalty for murder, it signals a lessened regard for the value of the victim’s life. Some critics of capital punishment, such as columnist Jimmy Breslin, have suggested that a life sentence is actually a harsher penalty for murder than death. This is sophistic nonsense. A few killers may decide not to appeal a death sentence, but the overwhelming majority make every effort to stay alive. It is by exacting the highest penalty for the taking of human life that we affirm the highest value of human life.

原因4、死刑贬低人的生命价值。相反，可以很容易地证明，死刑提高了人的生命价值。如果强奸罪的刑罚降低，那显然标志着对受害者痛苦、屈辱和个人诚信方面的关注降低。这些受害者的痛苦经历就会失去价值，她们就会再次处于受到伤害的危险中。当我们降低谋杀罪的刑罚，这就标志着对受害者生命夹着的关注降低。一些死刑的批评家，如专栏作家吉米.布雷斯林，认为判处杀人犯终身监禁其实是一种比死亡更严厉的刑罚。这是诡辩的无稽之谈。一些杀人犯可能不会提出死刑上诉，但绝大多数人会尽一切努力维持生命。我们正是使用剥夺人生命的最高刑罚，来肯定人类生命的最高价值。

11.Reason 5. The death penalty is applied in a discriminatory manner. This factor no longer seems to be problem it once was. The appeals process for a condemned prisoner is lengthy and painstaking. Every effort is made to see that the verdict and sentence were fairly arrived at. However, assertions of discrimination are not an argument for ending the death penalty but for extending it. It is not justice to exclude everyone from the penalty of the law if a few are found to be so favored. Justice requires that the law be applied equally to all.

原因5、死刑是一种歧视方式。这一因素似乎不再和曾经一样是个问题了。一个死囚的上诉过程是漫长而艰苦的，尽一切努力确定作出的判决和刑罚公正地相符。然而，歧视的断言不是结束死刑的理由，而是延长死刑的理由。如果发现一些人受此优待而使每个人都免除法律惩罚是不公正的。正义要求法律平等地适用于所有人。

12.Reason 6. Thou Shlat Not Kill.Opponents of the death penalty frequently cite the sixth of the Ten Commandments in an attempt to prove that capital punishment is divinely proscribed. In the original Hebrew, however, the Sixth Commandment reads “Thou Shalt Not Commit Murder,” and the Toral specifies capital punishment for a variety of offenses. The biblical viewpoint has been upheld by philosopher throughout history. The greatest thinkers of the nineteenth century—Kant, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Mill—agreed that natural law properly authorizes the sovereign to take life in order to vindicate justice. Only Jeremy Bentham was ambivalent. Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin endorsed it. Abraham Lincoln authorized executions for deserters in wartime. Alexsis de Tocqueville, who expressed profound respect for American institutions, believed that the death penalty was indispensable to the support of social order. The United

States Constitution, widely admired as one of the seminal achievements in the history of humanity, condemns cruel and inhumane punishment, but does not condemn capital punishment.

原因6、你不可杀人。死刑的反对者经常引用十诫中的第六条，试图证明死刑是神禁止的。然而，在希伯来原文中，第六诫是“不可杀人”，Toral 为列举了各种罪行的死刑。历史上，哲学家一直坚持圣经的观点。十九世纪最伟大的思想家，如康德、洛克、霍布斯、卢梭、孟德斯鸠和穆勒，认为自然法恰当地授予了统治者剥夺生命的权力以便维护公正。只有Jeremy Bentham是矛盾的。华盛顿、杰斐逊、富兰克林赞同这一点。亚伯拉罕林肯批准处决战时的逃兵。Alexsis de Tocqueville表达了对美国体制的深深敬意，认为死刑是维持社会秩序必不可少的。广泛被誉为人类历史上开创性成就之一的美国宪法，谴责残忍和不人道的惩罚，但不谴责死刑。

13.Reason 7. The death penalty is state-sanctioned murder. This is the defense with which Messrs. Willie and Shaw hoped to soften the resolve of those who sentenced them to death. By saying in effect, “You are no better than I am,” the murderer seeks to bring his accusers down t o his own level.It is also a popular argument among opponents of capital punishment, but a transparently false one. Simply put, the state has rights that the private individual does not. In a democracy, those rights are given to the state by the electorate. The execution of a lawfully condemned killer is no more an act of murder than is legal imprisonment an act of kidnapping. If an individual forces a neighbor to pay him money u nder threat of punishment, it’s called extortion. If the state does it, it’s called taxation. Rights and responsibilities surrendered by the individual are what give the state its power to govern. This contract is the foundation of civilization itself.

原因7、死刑是国家批准的谋杀。这是威利先生和肖先生希望用于软化判处他们死刑的人的决心的辩护。实际上是说“你不比我更好，”凶手的目的是使他的控诉人降到与自己相同的地位。这也是死刑反对者中流行的说法，但显然是一个错误的说法。简单地说，国家拥有个人无法拥有的权利。在一个民主国家，选民赋予国家这些权利。正如合法监禁不是绑架一样，依法处决杀人犯也不是谋杀行为。如果一个人在惩罚的威胁下强迫向邻居要钱时，就是所谓的敲诈勒索。如果国家这样做了，就是所谓的税收。个人所赋予的权利和责任就是其赋予国家的统治权。这个契约是文明本身的基础。

14.Everyone wants his or her rights, and will defend them jealously. Not everyone, however, wants responsibilities, especially the painful responsibilities that come with law enforcement. Twenty-one years ago a woman named Kitty Genovese was assaulted and murdered on a street in New York. Dozens of neighbors heard her cries for help but did nothing to assist her. They didn’t even call the police. In such a climate the criminal understandably grows bolder. In the presence of moral cowardice, he lectures us on our supposed failings and tries to equate his crimes with our quest for justice.

每个人都希望拥有权利，并且小心翼翼地捍卫它们。然而，并不是每个人都想要责任，特别是那些法律强制力带来的痛苦责任。21年前，一个名为Kitty Genovese的女人在纽约的街道上被强暴和谋杀。数十名邻居听到她的求救声，但并没有人帮助她，他们甚至没有报警。在这样环境中，显然犯罪者更胆大。因为大家道德勇气的缺失，凶手便就我们所谓的过失来教训我们，企图将他的罪行等同于我们对正义的追求。

15.The death of anyone—even a convicted killer—diminish us all. But we are diminished even more by a justice system that fails to function. It is an illusion to set ourselves believe that doing away with capital punishment removes the murderer’s deed from our conscience. The rights of society are paramount. When we protect guilty lives, we give up innocent lives in exchange. When opponents of capital punishment say to the state, “I will not let you kill in my name,” they are also saying to the murderers, “You can kill in your own name as long as I have an excuse for not getting involved.

任何人的死，甚至被定罪的杀手的死，都会减少我们人类的数量。但无法正常发挥作用的司法系统会让我们人类减少得更多。让我们相信废除死刑是从我们良知中消除凶手的行为，是一种错觉。社会权利是至高无上的。当我们保护罪犯的生命时，我们就将以放弃无辜的生命作为交换。当死刑反对者对国家说：“我不会让你以我的名义杀人，”他们也同时对说凶手“你可以以自己的名义杀人，只要我有不受牵涉的借口。”

16.It is hard to imagine anything worse than being murdered while neighbors do nothing. But something worse exists. When those same neighbors shrink back from justly punishing the murderer, the victim dies twice.

很难想象比自己被谋杀而邻居却袖手旁观更糟的事情了。但是，更糟的事情确实存在。当那些同样的邻居在公正惩治凶手面前畏缩时，受害人将死亡两次。

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

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新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案

Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took

新世纪研究生综合英语unit8教学文案

新世纪研究生综合英 语u n i t8

Unit8 Power to the people Almost a century has gone by since humans began exploiting a compelling new way to power the global economy. The switch to fossil fuels prompted促使 an explosion innovation either side of the 1900s.including creations such as the internal combustion engine. Such technologies have since provided the means to drive our thirsty, energy-intensive modern societies. Today we stand at a similar turning point. Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power--- the preserve of visionaries 有预见的人and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago--- are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. The need to create clean energy has become a pressing concern for policy makers and big business--- not to mention the consumer. Such thinking is fuelled by the growing realization that all along nature has provided ready-made means to power modern civilizations, namely through the elements. Crucial advances in new technology have these inexhaustible sources cheaper to use with, for example, the cost of solar energy plunging by up to 98 percent over the past 20 years. In theory, these renewable energy resources are incongruous large. The sun alone provides the means to deliver 7,000times our own energy consumption; blanking just 2.6 percent of the Sahara desert with solar cells could supply our entire needs. Yet for all this impressive potential, renewable energy currently produces just two percent of our total energy output. However, as the computer industry discovered in the 1980s, rapid growth can swiftly transform a minority sector into a giant capable of dominating our lives. Already companies across the globe are scrambling征服争夺 to become the next Intel or Microsoft of the new energy revolution. Our homes, cities, and workplaces--- our lives--- may be reshaped in ways we can only begin to guess at the solar cell, the wind farm and the electric car enter larger sectors of the marketplace. Blazing a trail The sun’s capability to power the planet is phenomenal杰出的. Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annual growth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. But the price of solar technology has always been its biggest sticking point, and the cost of solar cells will need to fall by up to 50 percent in order to fully competitive with coal-fired electricity.

基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译

作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的

新世纪英语综合教程答案

The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly quick cheaply cheap continually continual probably probable adventurously adventurous finally final steadily steady slowly slow solemnly solemn really real apparently apparent tentatively tentative exactly exact 4. No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake easily → easy No Mistake individually → individual much → many high → highly apparently → apparent remarkably → remarkable probable → probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: (1) would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can't (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1) We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2) On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3) When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4) To write well, a person must read good books. (IV) Cloze

新世纪研究生英语答案

Unit 1 1. permanent 2. had assembled 3. discharging 4. meekly 5. apprentice 6. partiality 7. obscure 8.exalted 9.intruding 10. cordially11. ambition 12. gallantly 1. transient 2. faded out 3. blew up 4. ruthless 5. trivial 6. in a twinkling 7. under way 8. tranquil 9. gorgeous 10. for the time being11. conspicuous 12. exalted 1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3.Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. A l. A 2. B 3. C 4.A 5. B 6.C 7. C 8. C B l.B 2.D 3. C 4.C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B Unit 2 i1. advocated 2. extravagant 3. vulnerable4. guru 5. potential 6. dispel 7. shunned 8. acclaimed 9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 11. attendant 12. ventured ii.1. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obsolete 4. disproved 5. foster 6. ludicrous 7. apparent 8. avert 9. displaced https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fb15526694.html,patriots 11.endeavors 12. hailed IV. Translation 1. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities 4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access. 5.Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased. 6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. Reading:cdabca Unit 4 i 1.Physical 2.accumulation 3.diversity 4.precipitated 5.muscular 6.pathological 7.symptomatic 8.vigorous 9.psychologically10.Anxiety11.restored 12.refreshed ii1.manifestations 2.resume 3.precipitate 4.consequence 5.diverse 6.a skimpy 7.taxing 8.prolong 9.overlooked 10.vigor 11.enhanced 12.relapse 1. I find that walking along the quiet lake in the evening can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job. 2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue. 3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems. 4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want. 5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but sleep and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed. 6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation. Unit 5 i1.uniform2.distinguish/recognize3.ascertained 4.recognized 5.unique 6.outlet 7.tactile 8.rigid 9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundation ii1.determined 2.cumulative 3.innate 4.warped 5.train 6.underlie 7.zest 8.imposed 9.precept 10.a marked 11.forbidding 12. consistency Supplementary Readings A 1.A 2. B 3.D 4.B 5.C B 1.B 2. C 3. D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 1.It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school. 2.Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations. 3.It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her. 4.This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases. 5.Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy. 6.Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other. Unit 6 i.1. as a matter of fact 2. are plagued 3.versus4. have been reflecting on 5. positive 6. is implementing 7. will enroll 8. has been enriched 9. aspiration 10. academic 11. well-informed12. commitment to ii. 1. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. reflected 6. otherwise 7. aspirations 8. rated 9. strenthened 10.has been declining Key to Supplementary Readings A 1.D 2.D 3.C 4. B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D B 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.T 1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post. 2.The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area. 3.Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money. 4.The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers. 5.An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry. 6.Mary’s pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she’s certain to get a university place this year. Unit 7 i1.downsized 2.dynamic 3.yield 4.hadguaranteed 5.inflict 6.budget 7.priority 8.accelerating 9.shirk10.vitally 11.jaopardize 12.criteria ii 1.aggregate 2.excessive 3.scrutiny 4.reap 5.opined 6.casualties 7.inception 8.prosperity 9.paradox10.tangible 11.life expectancy 12.vistas Key to Supplementary Reading A 1. B 2.D 3. C 4.A 5. D 6.B B 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 1.Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers. 2.The government officials are inclined to apply the science

研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理

Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者） 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人） 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fb15526694.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案(完整版)

Unit1 Working with words and expressions 1. 2. cloze Translation

Answers to Unit 2 Book 4 Unit Two Man and Technology Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) rough 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at work Increasing Your Word Power 1. Adjectives Nouns Adjectives

Nouns 1) technological technology 6) luxurious luxury 2) eternal eternity 7) leisurely leisure 3) miraculous miracle 8) subjective subject 4) relevant relevance 9) prosperous prosperity 5) analytical Analysis 10) innovative innovation 2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational 1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire 4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera