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听力原文

Culture

Living in a new country means experiencing a different way of life. This is very exciting and interesting, but it can also be a little challenging at times, because the cultures of all countries are unique.

Culture is like an iceberg. You can see some parts of an iceberg---just like you can see some parts of a country’s culture when you visit it. For example, you can see different ways of greeting people, hear different languages and observe different festivals and customs. However, a much bigger part of every iceberg is hidden under water. Even though this part of the iceberg is hard to see, it is very important---without it, the iceberg would not exist. The same is true of culture. There are many aspects of it which you cannot see when you visit a different country, for example, the nature of friendship and the importance of time. It will take a long time to understand those values and beliefs.

文化

生活在一个新的国家意味着体验不同的生活方式。这是非常令人兴奋和有趣，但它也可以是一个小有挑战性，因为所有国家的文化都是独特的。

文化是一座冰山。你能看见冰山的部分——就像你可以看到一个国家的文化，当你访问它的某些部分。例如，你可以看到不同的打招呼方式，听到不同的语言，观察不同的节日和习俗。然而，每座冰山的绝大部分是隐藏在水下。虽然这部分的一角是很难看到的，这是非常重要的，没有它，冰山就不存在了。同样是真实的文化。有很多方面，你不能看到当你访问一个不同的国家，例如，友谊的性质和时间的重要性。这将需要很长的时间去了解那些价值观和信仰。

Stress

Stress is what you feel when you react to pressure, either from the outside world or from inside yourself. Stress is a normal reaction for people of all ages.

Most people think that pressure is always a bad thing. In fact, a little bit of stress is good. Without stress, most of us couldn’t push ourselves to do well, especially in difficult things.

People usually complain about feeling pressed for time when they are under certain pressure. It is true that you can’t always control the things that are stressing you out, but you can control how you react to them. The way you feel about things results from the way you think about things. If you change how you think, you can change the way you feel. Try the following tips to deal with your stress:

Make a list of the things that are causing your stress.

Give yourself an excuse.

Don't promise to do things you can't do or don't want to do.

Find someone to talk to.

压力

压力是什么你觉得当你对压力作出反应，无论是从外面的世界或者从你的内心。应力是所有年龄的人的正常反应。

大多数人认为压力是一件很糟糕的事情。事实上，一点点的压力是好事。没有压力，我们大多数人不能把自己做的很好，特别是在困难的事。

人们通常会抱怨感到时间紧迫时，在一定的压力下。这是真的，你不能总是控制是讲你的事，但你能够控制你的反应，他们。你对事情的感觉从你思考事情的方式效果的途径。如果你改变你的思想，你就可以改变你的感觉。试试下面的技巧来处理你的压力：

列出引起你压力的事情。

给自己一个理由。

不答应的事你不能做或不愿意做的事。

Cultural Differences

Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job.

In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar value; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decision more quickly.

文化差异

会议从另一种文化的人是很困难的。不同的文化，强调建立关系的重要性在较大或较小的程度。例如，在一些国家的业务到信任关系的存在是不可能的。即使有人在工作，这是需要花费大量的时间在“闲聊”，通常在一杯茶，再做任何工作。

在许多欧洲国家，比如英国和法国的人更容易建立持久的工作关系，在餐厅或咖啡馆里而不是在办公室。

即使在欧洲北部，文化差异会导致严重的问题。当然，英国和德国的文化分享相似的价值；然而，德国人喜欢下去更迅速的业务。我们认为他们是粗鲁的。事实上，这是因为一个文化开始讨论和决定更迅速。

self-image

Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

It might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you c an’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those, you will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image.

self-image 自我形象

flaw 缺点，瑕疵，缺陷

the character flaw of arrogance傲慢的缺点

a flaw in a plan计划不周全

convince of 使……相信

go a long way走了一大段路，对……大有帮助

自我形象

自我形象是你自己心灵的图片。这种形象包括你的样子，你的行为方式，你说话的方式和你思考的方式。有趣的是，我们的自我形象往往不同于别人不同的图像举行关于美国。不幸的是，大多数这些图像是比他们更应该负。因此，改变你对自己的看法是改变你的自我形象和你的整个世界的关键。

它可能是你正在经历一个负面的自我形象，因为你不能改变过去的缺陷或弱点，你看到的自己。好吧，卷起你的袖子，做出一个改变它作为你的首要任务。摆脱负面自我形象的最好方法是认识到你的形象不是客观的，并积极说服自己正面的品质。改变你的思考和工作的方式，你将有助于促进一个积极的自我形象。

Mistakes Are Good Teachers

After the birth of my second child，I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced waitress for a few days，I was allowed to wait on tables on my own. When Saturday night came，I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. However，I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays. So I moved slowly, minding every step. I remembered how happy I was when I saw a tray standing next to the tables. It looked different from the one I was trained on，and it had nice handles which made it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was natural at this job. Then, an old man came to me and said that was his wife's walker. I stood frozen as ice，but my face was on fire. Since then, I have learned to be more careful and not to be too sure of myself. (164 words)

Useful Words and Expressions

tray [trei] ；n.盘子，托盘

handle ['heendl] n.把手，手柄

frozen (freeze的过去分词）adj.冷冻的，冷藏的

frozen food冷冻食品

frozen assets冻结的资产

keep. . . frozen 冷藏

犯错误是很好的老师

我的第二个孩子出生后，我在一家餐馆找到了一份工作。曾在几天一个有经验的女服务员，我可以等待自己的表。星期六晚上，我很幸运地被安排在离厨房不远处的表。然而，我还是觉得有点难以携带重型托盘。所以我走得很慢，照顾每一步。我记得我是多么的高兴当我看到一个托盘站在旁边的桌子。它看起来不同于我训练，并有很好的处理，使它更容易移动。我很高兴一切都开始相信我是自然在这工作。然后，一个老人走过来对我说那是他妻子的沃克。我站在冰冻的冰，但是我的脸着火了。自那时以来，我已经学会了小心，对自己不太确定。

Monkeys That Eat Less Live Longer

A study of monkeys over a twenty-year period suggests that eating less may extend life and prevent disease. American researchers said they believe their findings could apply to people as well.

Half of the monkeys were permitted to eat as much as they wanted. The other half ate a controlled diet.

The researchers found that thirty-seven percent of the monkeys that ate as much as they wanted had died of causes related to aging after twenty years. In comparison, only thirteen percent of the monkeys on restricted diets had died.

Extended life was not the only observable difference between the two groups. The monkeys that ate less had half the amount of heart disease and cancer.

In addition, there is also a difference in the appearance The monkeys that ate less look younger and healthier than fatter monkeys on a normal diet.

The researchers say this study is not complete and that they will continue to observe the remaining monkeys throughout their lives.

猴子吃少活得更长

超过一二零年期的猴子的一项研究表明，吃得少可以延长寿命和防止疾病。美国的研究人员说他们相信他们的发现能够适用于人也。

一半的猴子被允许吃多少就吃多少。另一半吃了控制饮食。

研究人员发现，吃多少就吃多少去世后的二十年老化相关的原因百分之三十七个猴子。相比之下，只有百分之十三的猴子在限制饮食已经死了。

延长寿命并不是唯一观察两组之间的差异。吃更少的猴子有心脏病和癌症的一半。

此外，还有在外观上看起来比吃不胖猴子正常饮食的猴子的年轻和健康的差异。

研究人员说，这项研究是不完整的，他们会继续观察其整个生命余下的猴子。

Depression

The dictionary describes depression as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and hopeless. The question here is why one gets depressed. Is the inability to deal with the situation or the high stress levels that come with success or failure?

Life is full of twists and turns. Some are pleasant and some are not so pleasant, and sometimes even terrible.

Seasonal changes are the main reason for depression in nature. Change is unavoidable. It may happen in nature or in life. But the way the change makes us feel is subjective. They differ from person to person, along with the ways we deal with them.

Feeling depression is a normal phenomenon, but letting it overtake us completely is not the best thing. There are no specific rules or concepts in dealing with it. A person should adopt whatever way he or she feels is the best, but be sure it will not hurt another person. (157 words)

抑郁症

字典描述抑郁的感觉很伤心，焦虑和绝望。这里的问题是，为什么会沮丧。是无法应对的情况或高应力水平是成功还是失败？

生活充满坎坷。有些是愉快的和一些不那么愉快，有时甚至是可怕的。

季节变化是抑郁性的主要原因。变化是不可避免的。它可能在自然界或生活中发生。但这样的变化使我们感觉是主观的。他们因人而异，随着我们的方式对付他们。

感觉抑郁是正常现象，但让它超越我们完全是不是最好的。在没有特定的规则或概念。一个人应该采取什么方式他或她是最好的，但可以肯定它不会伤害另一个人。

Light Pollution

We usually think of pollution as a harmful waste substance thatthreaten s the air and water. But some people have becomeconcerned about another ki nd of pollution. It can beeverywhere, depending on the time of day. And it is notthought of as a substance. It is light.

The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase oflights in ci ties. In many areas, this light makes it difficult orimpossible to observe stars and planets in the night sky. Light pollution threatens to reduce thescientific value of research telescopes.

Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light that shines int o the sky is not being usedto provide light where it is needed on Earth. Light s that are brighter than necessary also cause lightpollution. Recently, two Ital ian astronomers and an American environmental scientist created aworld ma p of the night sky. The map shows that North America, Western Europe and Japan havethe greatest amount of light pollution. (165 words)

光污染

我们通常认为的污染，有害废物的物质，威胁到空气和水。也有一些人开始担心另一种污染。它可以每一个地方，取决于一天的时间。它不被认为是一种物质。它是光。

光污染的意识与在城市的灯光增加了。在许多地区，这使得光线很难或不可能观察到恒星和行星在夜晚的天空。光污染会减少研究望远镜的科学价值。

光污染是浪费能源的结果。明亮的光线照射到天空没有被用来提供光的地球上需要的地方。灯是不是亮也造成光污染。最近，两个意大利天文学家和一位美国环境科学家创造了世界地图的夜空。地图显示，北美国，西欧和日本有最大数量的光污染。

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