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英美文学作品翻译

英美文学作品翻译
英美文学作品翻译

中西文化差异视野下的英美文学作品之翻译

摘要:中西文化差异对文学作品的翻译有着重要的影响。在文化多元化背景下,我们有必要对中西文化的差异进行研究,分析西方文化对英美文学作品的渗透,进而更好地做好英美文学作品的翻译工作。

关键词:中西文化;差异;文学作品;翻译

文化是人类在社会历史的伟大实践中所创造的物质财富与精神财富的总和。不同的文化对应了不同的观念和审美情趣。翻译是文化信息的传递,是一种涉及不同语言和文化领域的一种文化信息传递活动,在翻译的过程中应该特别注意语言的社会环境。中西文化有着众多差异,这种差异影响到我们对英美文学作品的理解、翻译和鉴赏。所以,我们在对文学作品进行翻译方面的研究时,不仅要研究语言,也要研究文学作品所诞生的社会、历史和文化背景,了解文学作品反映的文化信息和思想内涵,很好地实现中西文化的对接。

、中国文化与西方文化的差异分析

中国文化与西方文化相比,存在着诸多方面的差异,这主要体现在价值观、风俗文化以及思维方式等方面。

(一)价值观方面的差异

对于价值观体系,在西方文化中,个人是核心。而在中国,文化是群体文化,价值观当然也是代表群体性的价值。中国人总是在关心别人在干什么, 却常常忘了自己在干什么; 相反,外国人却不管别

人在干什么, 但却能清楚地明白自己在干什么。中国老百姓往往侧重于集体利益和整体价值, 识大体、顾大局,集体利益始终高于个人利益,个人利益应服从集体利益。而传统的西方文化非常推崇个人英雄主义, 有时候甚至是牺牲他人和集体利益以谋求自身价值。

个人英雄主义是西方社会文化价值观的本质。中西方在价值观上的这种差异表现在许多方面。我们可以从大量英语词汇中得到验证如“ self-confidence 、self-dependence 、self-esteem 、self-made ”

等。英语习语中也有“ god helps those who help themselves ” 等。相对而言,汉语中则有“众人拾材火焰高” “国家兴亡匹夫有责”等。

(二)风俗文化差异

不同的民族有不同的风俗习惯, 因此也传递着不同的民俗文化信息。在中国, 红色最为普遍,除了表示物体的颜色外, 还被看作是喜庆、吉祥、胜利、好运的象征。例如,“开门红”指工作一开始就取得了好的成绩; “走红运”指走好运; “大红人”指受领导器重的人; “事业红火”指事业兴隆。在文学作品中,“红”也用于指年轻女性,如“红妆” (女子盛装), “红颜” (少女)等。然而,英语中的

red ”和汉语中的“红”有所不同。例如,“go into red ”意为

出现赤字”、“发生亏损” ,“see red ”指“气得发疯”、“大发雷

霆” , “paint it red ”意为“把某事物描绘成骇人听闻的样子”

把某事物弄得引人注目” 。再如,在中国,“老”在汉语中可用来表达尊敬、敬仰的意思, 如“老先生”、“张老”、“王老”等都是表

达尊敬的称呼。而在西方, “old ”一词却意味着赶不上潮流,过时

等含义。

(三)思维方式的不同

由于各国的文化背景、风俗习惯、人文条件等不同,造成了中西

思维方式在客观上存在着许多差异。西方民族的分析型思维方式使

得西方人注重分析方法,句子结构以主语和谓语为核心,由主到次,递相叠加,形成“树形”句式结构。而东方民族的综合思维方式,使中国人注重整体和谐,句子结构以动词为中心,横向铺叙,层层推进,形成“竹形”句子结构。

二、西方文化对英美文学的渗透

西方文化的形成和发展不仅继承了古希腊、罗马文化传统,同时也深受基督教思想的影响。罗马、古希腊是欧洲文学的发祥地, 古希腊文明一直在影响着西方文明的发展和进步。而基督教思想则经过漫长的历史变迁, 早已深深地渗入到西方人的文化方式和价值观念之中, 并以哲学、信仰和文学艺术的形式影响和促进着西方文化的发展。

(一)古希腊罗马神话与英美文学

文化的代表是文学作品。因此, 为了更好地了解西方文化并对其进行传播和发扬, 就必须对孕育了西方文化的那一片沃土有所了解

古希腊罗马传统文化。例如,不断地涉猎一些古希腊罗马神话故事,多了解一些神话传说中的神祗和历史典故, 能帮助我们更好地理解作家在其作品中所蕴含的深刻寓意。英美文学和古希腊神话

关系深远 ,其主要表现为神话故事对英美文学作品的影响。许多西

方文学艺术家们都曾从古希腊罗马神话中汲取创作的灵感和素材。

如莎士比亚、雪莱、尤金奥尼尔等。 众多诗人、剧作家及小说家 无一不采用古希腊罗马神话来丰富他们的题材。由此可见 , 希腊罗 马神话极大地丰富了英美文学作品。倘若对于这些神话故事的了解 不够深刻或根本就不了解,就不能更充分地欣赏和理解这些名作 因而也不能更深刻地理解作者的主旨和意图 , 当然,对其翻译也就 会感到难以下手或表达不出原语所承载的文化信息。因此,了解古 希腊和罗马神话的故事及其渊源 , 是掌握典故内在涵义的重要手段

之一 。

句, 就必须了解与之相关的一段神话故事。 achilles 是古希腊神话 中的一位英雄人物 , 他的母亲在生他之后手握他的脚踵让他在冥河 中浸了浸,除了未受到浸洗的脚踵部以外 , 他身体的其他部位都变 的刀枪不入。结果,他却被对手用箭射中脚踵而死。因此“ achilles ' heel”后来就被用来代指一个人的致命弱点。 所以,“shyness is her achilles ' heel ”这句话就可译为“害羞是她的致命弱点” 。倘若 不了解这些神话故事 , 在理解和翻译的时候就会感到不知所措,无 从下手。

(二) 文化根基《圣经》与英美文学

作为西方文化根基的 《圣经》一直被人们视为生活中所遵循的 道德准则。它不仅是西方文化的重要组成部分 , 而且对英语语言文

化也很有很大的影响。 “《圣经》不仅是基督教的经典著作 , 同时也 是一部,题材多样,内容丰富的文学作品 , 它以小说、诗歌、历史、 戏剧、书信等不同体裁 , 记述了不同人物的困惑、祈望与朝圣的心 路历程。、许多英美文学作品中 , 源于《圣经》的典故不计其数。作 者们在进行文学创作的过程中 , 经常会巧妙地引用《圣经》里的词 句和典故、人物。例如, 英国著名诗人弥尔顿的三部杰作 《失乐园》、

复乐园》及《力士参孙》分别取材于《圣经旧约》故事中的《创 世

记》、《士师记》和《圣经新约》中的《路加福音》 。《圣经》的语 言, 尤其是其中的典故和成语故事早已在各国文学作品中广泛的被 引用,更有甚的是有的作品中甚至直接的对《圣经》进行整段的引 用。同时 , 《圣

例女口 : “shyness is her achilles

heel. ”要想完整的翻译此

经》中又有许多典故慢慢变成习语进入到英语语言之中,成为被广泛使用的英语词汇,例如“noah's ark (挪亚方舟)”、

judah ' s kiss(犹大之吻)、、“solomon (所罗门)、

“the apple of the eye ” (掌上明珠)等。而这些来自《圣经》的文化对英汉文

学翻译者来说, 往往就容易成为一个文化盲点, 从而造成理解上偏差;如果对《圣经》了解的深度不够, 就无法理解并翻译出英美文学作品中带有此类宗教色彩的语句。

三、英美文学作品翻译策略

近二十多年来,翻译研究逐渐转向文化间的比较。一般而言,翻译中文化的转换有两种基本的策略:以目的语文化为归宿的归化

(domestication) 和以源语文化为归宿的异化(foreignization) 。

归化与异化这一对概念, 最早是1995年由美国学者venuti 提出的。

而他的这种思想又是受德国哲学家和古典语言学家schleiermache

的观点的启发,即“翻译只有两种方法,不是译者不打扰作者, 尽可能让读者靠拢作者,就是译者尽量不打扰读者, 让作者靠拢读者”。

monabaker 认为:“看一个翻译是归化还是异化, 往往取决于文化形态的重构,只有在考虑到改变译入语文化的价值关系时才能得到界定。”

1987中国学者刘英凯的《归化——翻译的歧路》一文, 拉开了对此问题的论述的序幕。其中葛校琴指出: “当前在对‘归化'问题的认识上,译界同仁应该区分归化法的两种前提:其一是忠实原则

下的归化;其二是非忠实前提下的归化。前者总体上来说是规定性

的,而后者则是描述性的; 前者是原语中心论的,后者则是有译语和

译语文化取向的。”王东风认为: “归化和异化也可看成直译和意译概念的某种延伸,但这并不完全等同于直译与意译。……直译和意译之争的靶

心是意义和形式的得失问题, 而归化和异化之争的靶心则是处在意义和形式得失漩涡中的文化身份、文学性乃至话语权利的得失问题。”但是归化和异化也不是径渭分明的两个对立面。由于文化本身的各种特性,绝对的归化和绝对的异化, 即使从理论上讲也是不存在的。因为归化和异化无论从共时还是历时都是相对的所以无论采用归化或是异化策略, 其所用翻译方法都会出现不同程度的相互覆盖,因此, 归化和异化从表面上看只是两种大的方向,其

具体程度则是随着不同翻译方法所占的比重而各有不同, 并由此延

伸出策略上的不同倾向。具体来讲, 归化的主要手法包括省译、替换等; 而异化则主要通过音译、直译和注释等手法来实现。归化、异化并不对立,二者相辅相成,相互补充,相互渗透, 为不同的翻译目的和读者服务。

例如,张谷若先生在译哈代作品《德伯家的苔丝》的时候, 为了向译文读者介绍原语文化知识,增进他们对原文的了解, 就采用了直译的方法, 但同时又用脚注解释说明了许多基督教的知识和英国的风俗习惯, 以帮助不熟悉该作品历史文化背景的读者更好地理解原作。很多学者已经通过考

察各类作品的不同译文, 指出没有哪一部译作单纯采用一种翻译手法, 而是采用了归化异化互补的多元化译法。作者还认为异化与归化在文学作

品翻译的过程中也需要考虑到适度的问题。适度的归化可以增强译文的可

读性, 而适度的异化则可以使读者更加充分地了解原语文化, 进而加强文化的交流。过分的归化和异化都会阻碍对原作的理解, 多元互补才是做好文学翻

译的关键。

作为一种跨越洲际、民族、文化的交际沟通活动, 翻译必然涉及

到语言所处的特点文化背景。其中,我国当代翻译家和翻译理论家王佐良

先生是较早开始提出将翻译与文化研究相结合的一位作家并先后于1984

和1985年在《翻译通讯》上发表了《翻译中的文化

比较》和《翻译和文化繁荣》两篇论文, 他指出“翻译理论的研究,

包含语言和文化两个方面” ,在翻译中不仅要重视语言问题, 同时更要重视文化问题。因此, 应该把翻译置于广阔的大文化背景下进行研究。在他看来, 如果不了解语言中的社会文化背景, 就无法真正掌握语言,就无法翻译出真正优秀的作品。翻译作为一种“文化活动”, 在很大程度上受

文化自身特性的影响。正是在文化这种本身所具有特性的影响下,翻译就

很难在另一个系统中全方位展开。

参考文献:

[1]胡超. 文化思维模式差异对跨文化交际的影响,外语教学,

2010年05期。

[2]何玉敏. 汉英文化差异之我见,中州大学学报,2009年08期。

[3]迟庆立. 文化翻译策略的多样性与多译本互补研究,上海外国语大

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莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森(Ben Johnson)--他不属于一个时代,而是属于。(He was not of an age, but for all time.) 作品: ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之 梦; 威尼斯商人 ③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛 罗; 李尔王; 麦克白 ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francis l Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626 Bacon’s quote 1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 2、 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to cor rupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果,是容易腐烂而难保持的,世上有许多美人,她们有过放荡的青春,却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that n eed pruning by study; and studies themselves do give for

英美文学选读试题详解4

英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩:30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师,他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题,其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案:C 考生答案:D 本题得分:0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness (P518para2)迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面,而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的,所以答案是C。 标准答案:C 考生答案:A

英国文学作品选读复习提纲

English Renaissance (1500-1625) 14.15世纪 Humanism人文主义: Emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human being Three periods: 1.Imitation and assimilation同化------14世纪末到16世纪上半叶 2.Elizabethan Age-flowering time -----16世纪下半叶----Shakespeare 3.Epilogue收尾of the English Renaissance------------17世纪初 Effect:not confined to literature, music and the fine arts, but affected the whole development of civilization, a broad line dividing Middle Age and Modern Age. William Shakespeare 代表作:Hamlet,哈姆雷特Othello, King Lear,李尔王, Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of V enice:Bassanio巴萨尼奥Antonio安东尼奥,Shylock夏洛克,Bassanio’s girlfriend, Portia Theme: praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a woman of great wisdom, and to disclose the cruelty of shylock. The play is a triumph of friendship and love over greed and avarice, good over evil, humanity over inhumanity. The 17th Century Metaphysical School 玄学派 特点:complex, highly intellectual verse诗filled with intricate错综的and far-fetched牵强附会metaphor. Many are about love and death and religion. 1.John Donne 代表作:An Anatomy解剖in the medieval中世纪, Of the Progress of the soul, A Valediction告别演说: Forbidding Mourning 2.John Milton Paradise Lost---epic Satan: intelligent and eloquent雄辩的, pride, courageous and cannot be defeated, question the authority of God, stand for freedom and liberty. God: cruel, unjust, and selfish Adam and Eve: power of man—humanism Miltonic style:Long and involved sentence, a varity of pause, oratorical and logical, use inversion倒装and allusion典故. The 18th century 1.Daniel Defoe 代表作:The life and strange surprising adventure of Robinson Crusoe Theme: struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable不屈的will and highly praise his creative labor, mental and physical, an allusion to the glorification赞颂of the bourgeois资产阶级creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage原始期of its historical development.

英国文学作品赏析复习大纲

Review 1.Literary Glossary Question: What is the definition of each literary term below? Heroic couplet Byronic hero stream-of-consciousness Metaphysical poetry/poet Romance comedy tragedy soliloquy Sentimentalism/Sentimental novel Gothic novel foil Romanticism/Romantic era sonnet blank verse stanza Iambic pentameter Aestheticism 2.Selected reading. (1). The first twelve lines in the General Prologue in Canterbury Tale. (2). Shakespeare: sonnet 18(The main theme of this poem.) Act3 scene3, Hamlet’s monologue (main idea, major themes, meter and rhyme) (3). Milton, Paradise Lost Book 1, excerpt, lines describing Satan’s unyielding spirit (line50--75) (Satan’s character) (4). Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal (For whom was this essay written?) Gulliver’s travels (the name of each place Gulliver visits) (5). William Blake: Tyger (central image, main theme) (6). Robert Burns: My heart’s in the highlands (theme, does the speaker love the highlands? How does he show his love in the poem?) (7). William Wordsworth: I wondered lonely as a cloud (the central image, rhyme scheme, main idea of each stanza) (8). Shelley: Ode to the west wind. First stanza. (why is the west wind both destroyer and preserver?) (9). Jane Austen: chapter 1, first and second paragraph: “It is truly universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of life” (Is there any irony? What does this sentence imply?) (10). Jane Eyre: Chapter 5 and chapter 4 (Jane Eyre’s personality and Mr Rochester’s character) (11). Hardy: Tess of the D’Urbervilles (subtitle of the novel, Tess’ character) 3.Key characters. Hamlet, Shylock, Satan, Robinson Crusoe, Jane Eyre… 4.Literary stages What are the main themes and dominating literary genres(文学体裁) in each of the following historical periods? Medieval age, the Renaissance, the Restoration and Revolution, The age of Enlightenment, Romantic era, the Victorian age (the age of realist critical realism, modernism.

英美文学作品选读试题5

英美文学作品选读试题 5 I. Find the items in the right column which fit the left column the best and write your letters in the blank.( 20 points in all, 2 for each) 1.Chaucer A. Mary Ann Evans 2.Hamlet B. The father of English poetry 3.Coleridge C. Jane Austen 4.The Waste Land D. T. S. Eliot 5.Theodore Dreiser E. John Milton 6.Carl Jung F. Collective Unconscious 7.self-reliance G. An American Tragedy 8.Greorge Eliot H. blood and thunder thrille 9.Pride and Prejudice I. Ralph Waldo Emerson 10.Paradise Lost J Lake Poet 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. _______ 10.________ II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase. (20 points in all, 2 for each) 1. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as____________________________. 2. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. He is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as “____________________________.” 3. Wordsworth is regarded as a “_____________________.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. 4._____________________ is the most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’ works. 5. In his long dramatic career, Shaw wrote more than _____________________ plays.

英国文学选读

《英国文学选读》中作者作品简单总结 作者作品 1.Geoffrey Chaucer -------------The Canterbury Tales 2.William Shakespeare----------Hamlet Romeo and Juliet Sonnet 18 3.Francis Bacon-------------------Of Marriage and Single Life Of Studies 4.John Donne---------------------The Flea Holy Sonnet 10 5.John Milton----------------------Paradise Lost 6.Daniel Defoe--------------------The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7.Jonathan Swift------------------Gulliver’s Travels 8.William Blake--------------------The Lamb The Tyger The Sick Rose 9.Robert Burns---------------------A Red, Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 10.William Wordsworth---------I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge-----Kubla Khan 12.Jane Austen--------------------Pride and Prejudice

英美文学名著选读选择

1.Charles Dickens is a great writer in the ___ A__. ? A. Victorian Age B. Renaissance ? C. Romantic period D. 20th century 2.The early inhabitants in the island we now call England were _B __. ? A. Celts B. Britons ? C. Britain D. English 3. In 55 B. C., Roman troops led by _A__ invaded Britain. ? A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius ? C. King Alfred the Great D. William 4.The Roman occupation in Britain lasted for about __C___ years. ? A. 200 B. 300 ? C. 400 D. 500 5.Old English came into being by the _D___ century. ? A. 4th B. 5th ? C. 6th D. 7th 6. In __B__ Britain became a Roman province. ? A. 55 B. C. B. 43 A. D. ? C. 410 A. D. D. 787 A. D. 7.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in _D___. ? A. 1017 B. 1042 ? C. 1016 D. 1066 8. _A__ is an early English poem about the life of the gleeman. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wife’s Complaint” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “The Seafarer” 9. __C__ is an early English poem about love. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “Widsith” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “The Seafarer” 10. __B__ is an early English poem about the adventures of the sea. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wanderer” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “Beowulf” 11. __D__ is the representative work of the early English literature. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wanderer” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “Beowulf” 12. Grendel is a monster described in __C____. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “Widsith” ? C. Beowulf D. “The Seafarer” 13.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in __D___, all the Roman troops went back to their continent and never returned. ? A. 55 B. C. B. 78 A. D. ? C. 400 A. D. D. 410 A. D. 14.__C__ is the first important religious poet in English literature. ? A. John Donne B. George Herbert ? C. CaedmonD. Milton 15.When we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is

英国文学赏析整理

Alexander Pope An Essay on Man (know then thyself) The poem is written in iambic tetrameter, every two line have the same thyme at the last word. The poem is important in the sense that it embodies the 18th century concepts of the universe and man’s place in it, that is man is made in the shape of God, and occupies a middle position in the Great Chain of Being. As the poet says sometimes we have too much knowledge and feel suspect about everything, but sometimes we have too much weakness and can not be as pride as Stotic, sometimes we seem to have the power to rule all things but sometimes we seem prey to all. We are in the middle place and sometimes we are confused about whether to act or rest. The poet perfectly describes man’s feeling about ourselves and about the world. Although Pope is never profound in thought but he is very adapt in voicing the idea of his contemporaries in a beautiful and clever way. Robert Burns A Red, Red, Rose The metrical pattern of the poem is basically in the ballad form, i.e. each stanza consisting of four lines, with four stressed syllables in the odd-numbered lines and three stressed syllables in the even-numbered lines, and with rhymes occurring on the even-numbered lines. The image of rose evokes traditional associations of beauty, love and romance. Its simple lyrics and straight form and expression of feeling make it a favorite choice for poetry anthologies and a most appreciated poem for readers. Incorporating various elements from folk songs, the poem is supposed to be a song sung by an Irish sailor to his sweet heart before his ship sailed off to sea, the exaggerated declaration of love “till the

英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩:87.5分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fd4966359.html,wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces. A、The Rainbow,Women in Love B、The Rainbow,Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers,Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love,Lady Chatterley’s Lover (P370.para2)劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》,而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案:A 考生答案:A 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land. A、―Prufrock‖ B、―Gerontion‖ C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads (P358.para3)―Gerontion‖是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌,是《荒原》的前奏曲,也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案:B 考生答案:B

本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fd4966359.html,wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ). A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover (P369.para1)劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的,同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况,被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案:C 考生答案:C 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ). A、Man and Superman,The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House,Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida,Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart,Widowers’ House (P321-322)。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House,写于1892年;第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession,写于1893年。 标准答案:B 考生答案:B 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fd4966359.html,wrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.

英美文学作品选读考试4

英美文学作品选读考试4

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英美文学作品选读试题 4 I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 2 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter in the blanks. 1. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A. Christian B. knightly C. Greek D. primitive 2. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A. Piers Plowman B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. Confessio Amantis D. The Canterbury Tales 3. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement? A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture. B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology. C. The Glorious revolution. D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B. The speaker satirizes human vanity. C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5. “And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, /By shallow rivers to whose falls /Melodious birds sing madrig als.” The above lines are probably taken from __. A. Spenser's The Faerie Queene B. John Donne's “The Sun Rising” C. Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18” D. Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”

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