初升高英语第六讲定语从句

组 初升高英语衔接班 第六讲

定语从句： （一）[定义]：在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：

（二）［关联词］

常见的关联词(又叫引导词)有关系代词that ，which ，who ，whom ，whose 和关系副词where ，when ，why 等。

（三）［种类］

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

（四）[关系代词的用法]

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）

The coat （that ） I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）

2. which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（which 作主语）

复习 总结

定语从句

1， 定语从句的概念

2， 定语从句的关系词

3， 定语从句关系词的具体与运用方法 4，易错点分析 定语从句概念及关系词

The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（which作宾语）

3. who, whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, that, which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用―介词+which/whom‖结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。

The city that she lives in is very far away.

她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

（五）关系副词的用法（缺补原则）

1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

定语从句的引导词如何确定

引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which(关系形容词), that；关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下：

1. 定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如：

He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。

如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用whom或that，但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如：

Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。

值得注意的是，如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如：

The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。

如果表示“……的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如：

Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗？

whose的先行词也可是物。例如：

The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。

2. 定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如：

It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。

当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时，往往都会把它省略。例如：

The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。

在介词的后面只能用which。例如：

This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。

3. 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如：

I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。

4. 定语从句修饰地点名词时，用关系副词where。例如：

This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。

5. 定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如：

I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。

三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+ 关系代词。

e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

【过手训练】

I. 单项选择

1. —Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

—Yes, he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up your hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which D who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that

D. of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is

B. whom; was

C. who; is

D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

II. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The house _____we live in is very old.

4. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

II. 完型填空：

As an American writer, Mark Twain, once said, ―Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody ___1___ anything about it.‖ It is true that everybody talks about the weather. Many people begin their talks ___2___ saying: ― Isn’t it a nice ___3___ ? ‖―Do you think it will rain?‖― I think it’s going to snow.‖

Many people think they can tell ___4____ the weather is going to be like. But they ___5___ ever agree with each other. One man may say, ― Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? It’s going to rain tomorrow.‖ Another ____6___ say, ― Yes, it’s cloudy in the east. We are going to have fine weather tomorrow.‖

People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it’s going to rain and he won’t believe ___7___ else. When friends have a picnic, they are so ____8___ the weather is going to be fine very ___9___ that they sit eating their lunch while it is raining.

Almost everyone listen to what the weatherman says. But he doesn’t always tell us what we want, and sometimes he makes a mistake. Still, he is ____10___ most of the time.

（） 1. A. do B. did C. does D. done

（） 2. A. through B. by C. across D. in

（） 3. A. day B. weather C. thing D. hour

（） 4. A. how B. when C. where D. what

（） 5. A. never B. all C. almost D. hardly

（） 6. A. will B. would C. can D. could

（）7. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

（）8. A. true B. certainly C. sure D. surely

（）9. A. slowly B. much C. quickly D. quietly

（）10. A. right B. wrong C. mistaken D. all right

III. 阅读理解：

Our village carpenter （木匠）, John Hill, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size to fill the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job.

My wife said to me, quietly, ―That’s his ninth cup of tea today.‖ But she said, in a loud voice, ―It’s a beautiful table, dear, isn’t it?‖

―I’ll decide about that when I see the bill.‖ I said.

John laughed and gave me his bill for the work. I read:

One dining table 10 November

Cost of wood ￡17.00

Paint 1.5

Work, 8 hours 8.00

Total 36.50

When I was looking at the bill, John said, ―It’s been a fine day, hasn’t it? Quite sunny.‖

―Yes, I said.‖―I’m glad it’s only the 10th of November.‖―Me too,‖ said John. ―You wait - it’ll be a lot colder by the end of the month.‖

―Yes. Colder – and more expensive! Dining tables will be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th, won’t they, John?‖

John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes? I gave his back to him.

―If it isn’t too much trouble, John,‖ I said, ―please add it up again. You can forget the date.‖

I paid him￡26.50 and he was happy to get it.

根据短文内容，从下列各题所给的三个选项中选择正确的答案：

（）1. Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?

A. Because he didn’t want the writer to go through the bill carefully.

B. Because it was really a fine day.

C. Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.

（）2. Why did the writer say that dining tables would be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th?

A. Because paint would be more expensive.

B. Because the cost of wood would be more expensive.

C. Because he thought John would certainly add the date to the cost of the dining table.

（）3. The writer thought John would ask for ______if he made a dining table on the last day of November.

A. ￡20.00

B. ￡46.50

C. ￡56.50

（）4. When the writer gave him the money, John was happy because _______.

A. he got what he should get for his work

B. he got much more money for his work

C. he got the money easily

（） 5. From this story we know that _______

A. John made a mistake in the bill.

B. John tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work.

C. John had written out the bill before the writer get home.

( 4 )

telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at

Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cat’s first winter. One evening it was 1.________ when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. ________it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. ________ she telephone the police and said, ― I have

4. ________ a small black cat. Has

5. ________ found one? ‖

― No，madam, ‖ said the policeman at the other end, ― But cats are really very 6. ________ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. ________ .‖

Mrs Andrews felt 8. ________ when she heard this. ― And ,‖ she said, ― Our cat is very 9. ________. She almost talks. ‖

The policeman was getting tired, ―Well then, ‖ he said ― Why don’t you put your 10.________ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now. ‖

（B）CBADD ABCCA

III. ACCAB

1.outside

2.for

3. so

4. lost

5. anybody

6.strong

7. well 9. clever

8. happier 10. telephone 【剖析】

1.从上下文可看出猫在外面，因此选outside。

2.“look for寻找”是固定搭配，所以选for。

3.从上下文判断表因果, 所以选so。

4.从上下文判断找不到猫，所以是丢了lost。

5.在疑问句中应用不定代词anybody 。

6.猫是一种生命力非常强的动物，所以选strong。

7.表示身体好当用well 。

8.从上下文可以知道，Mrs. Andrews 听了警察安慰她的话后，感觉好些了，所以选happier 。

9.从后面一句的“She almost talks”可推断出她的猫clever 。

10.联系上下文，Mrs. Andrews在打电话，所以警察让她放下电话telephone。

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