2010博士辅导英语写作-蒋跃教授-北京
GDP abbr.gross domestic product 国内生产总值CPI abbr. Consumer Price Index 消费者物价指数IPO abbr. Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股CFO abbr.Chief Finance Officer 首席财务官
To pick up/improve your English
Proficiency
To err is man, to forgive is divine
放下屠刀，立地成佛
Longevity
Mortality
Maternity
Compassionate 有同情心的
Ginger
The misery of cold by increasing circulation
扩大词汇量
1 模拟题后词汇表
2 分为:公共英语词汇,医学词汇,词组表
３进度:第１遍+第２遍=２天
浏览-划生词
禁忌背单词
第２步要有重点,做题中记单词
１)抄写１０套词汇题,每题的词汇项和划线词语,划重点词
２)彩笔标正确答案选项
３)标反复出现及反复作为正确选项的高频词,大部分题是以前考题的重新排列,甚至重复
４)搞清楚,记住抄下来的所有词汇的意义和用法
第３步按近义词组,易混词组集中记忆１)同义词=近义词,无绝对同义词
２)不同语境,不仅背词汇中英文,还要背例句３)加强精读
Context lists synomyms
Within→relation examplifying
Next illustration
Antonyms
Lay down one?s life 牺牲
Lay down arms
Lay out
Lay away 放在一边
五技巧
１同义近义形似
Legible 可辨认的
Legitimate 合理的legi-
Illegal 不合法
Negligible 可忽略的,很少neg- Ignore 故意不看
Overlook
Essence
Essential 最重要,必不可少的;基本的,实质的
Issue 议题,一期
ｖ.发布公告/命令
Nomad游牧
P1 词汇
１beneficial 有益的
At a strike 一举,一下
At a stretch 一口气,在很短时间内
Section A
1 作为例句
２dynamic 有活力的,动的moving ,active Distinctive=unique, different from others
Distinct:clear
Intrinsic 固有的,本质的,内在的
Intricate: complicated complex myst myth mysterious 3 stimulate 刺激excite
Simulate
Tranquilizer 镇静药
Get over
Pull through 熬下来,渡过难关survive
He was so vulnerable that I doubt he could pull through the operation
Give up, give in, give off放出,give out 散发Give way to: be replaced by
Give away 泄露
４unprecedented 无先例的
Precede 走在前面preceding(时间或地点上)在先的, 在前的, 前面的
Precedent 先例precedented 有先例的
Turn up 出现,调高音量
Turn down 拒绝,调低音量
Turn in 举报
Turn out
Turn off 关掉turn on 打开
Put down
Make up 化妆,补考，和好
5、aging 衰老age 老化
sponsor 赞助host 主办
allocate 分配
extend extension 电话分机，延伸，扩展
expand 扩张expansion
expansionism扩张主义者
expenditure开支inexpensive不贵的
formidable可怕令人畏惧的，难以克服的difficult to
defeat
fatal ＝deadly
mortal lethal life-threatening致死的，致命的
fatality 死亡率
6、favorable: beneficial helpful,be good to
7. Call down 斥责reproach，denounce
call up: ring, call for号召
8 environmental pollution informative提供信息的，见闻广博的
inconspicuous/obvious/ostensible指理由等)假装的, 表面的
indisputable不容置疑的
9 sterilization 消毒sterilize
sterile不能生育的无菌的土地贫瘠枯燥无味的
be subjected to 遭受
be susceptible/liable/vunerable to
10 physical illnesses
mental illnesses
contribute捐助投稿vi起促成作用
All the above pressures contribute greatly to subhealth of the medical staff in Chinese cities.
Section B
11 investor investment
he said he was an entertainer of his colleagues. Entertainment recreation recreative消遣的,休养的Charge 充电、控告、充满，收费chargeable可充电Free of charge energy consuming
CPI Consumer Price Index 消费者物价指数
12 dramatic markedly remarkable obvious significant the Party has the absolute rule over the guns
event, 2010 is an eventful year to me.
In the event of 万一...的话; 如果是...的话
In the event of war, all males under the age 45 are to be drafted by the army
Eventual: final, at last, at length
13 ject投掷，躺下
object reject
drug abuse ,addicted to heroin
despise 轻蔑dissipate 消散dispel驱散, 赶跑dissolve结束，（使）溶解
14 be attributed to =be exposed to
Radiologists usually are exposed to radiation pollution almost everyday.
Be endowed with the surgeon was endowed with a pair of flexible and skillful hands.
The singer was endowed with a beautiful voice
As a patient, I am entitled to knowing how I am going to be treated.
15 poorly acknowledged
document 记录appraise 评价/估
administer: manage direct administration
SPA: 矿泉疗养地来自拉丁文：
solus=健康por＝经由aqua＝水
16 inspiration 灵感inspiring鼓舞人、使人感兴趣的aspiration 欲望motivation动机application应用
17 advantages 有利条件disadvantages 不利条件prospect prognosis预后,预测
doubtful/favorable pregnosis预后不良/良好retrospect and prospect 回顾与展望
retrospect to追溯到
biohazard生物危害
dangerous,risky,perilous,adventurous, joint venture 合资企业
18 homosexual，homogeneous－heterogeneous异质original 原文，原创的creative
Origins of species 物种起源
Universal genetic
19 resolution决心，决定，决议
sharply reduce the death rate ,
reach consensus/agreement
20 perplexed, confuse, confound, bewilder, puzzle critical决定关键危机的，批判的critic评论家完形填空Close
先通读全文再做题，避免先入为主
四步法
第一步重视首句，把握开篇细读首句，判断文章题材，预测全文大意和主旨。
第二步速读全文掌握大意速读时一气呵成，找出关键词、中心词划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。
第三步瞻前顾后，灵活答题即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。答题方法：择优法，排除法
第四步复核全文调整答案。核查时注意3点
1、上下文的一致性，时态、语态一致
2、从语法习惯和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至语
感入手，看是否符合上下文逻辑。
3、段与段、句与句之间衔接是否连贯。Infirmary医务室，疗养所
Ailing citizens =the afflicted
Cloze 7
Comprehend comprehension
comprehensive strength综合力量comprehensible=understandable
35. contract develop 得病
28日下午笔记
p2 词汇2
3 physician-surgeon, dentist, therapist
general practitioner全科医师psychological, psychiatrist
physical physiology physiological
4 usher n. vt
era,epoch,period
meet up with 偶然相遇
come up with 提出
shed/throw light on 阐明make clear
live up to 辜负期望～your expectation
let down
6 privileged class 特权阶层
principle
principal 校长，primary,main,major priority: the first and foremost
prior 前的
give priority to=prioritize
prior to=before 时间上
7 modify 修饰，修改
alter alternate
adapt to /adjust oneself to
research & develop= R&B
retarded development发育迟滞
contract: 感染，收缩
9 sufficient/adequate
superficial
superfluous 过剩的，多余的
be superior to :better than
be inferior to supreme court/power
10 break up 分开，分类
disposable 一次性的～syringe一次性注射器～mask 一次性口罩
check in/out
section B P3
meditate 沉思，冥想meditative 深思的presume assume 区别微小thoughtful =considerate
deceit cheat in exams and tests
hypothesis: assumption/presumption
sufficient deficiency satisfy-satisfaction-satisfactory Your revision of the paper is satisfactory to me. Personally
13 perpetual=eternal= immortal
perpetuate= sustain
sustainable development
sustain one?s life 维持生命
immortality＝eternality 不朽
14 abundant= rich in
diet:balanced diet
15 enterprise 企业enterprising young man有事业心
16 pace; with the accelerated/quickened pace, people are suffering increased pressures in many aspects dilute, dilate (pupil) 放大瞳孔
escalator( 商城的)自动扶梯elevator/lift 上下电梯multiply 繁殖，乘法speed up 使加速
17 involve : be involved in
18 be prone to/liable to
be susceptible to敏感的,易受影响的, 易感染的(to) 能容许...的, 可被...的, 可受...影响的(of, to)
be subjected to 受到，经受，遭受
be suspected of 被怀疑
hold up 阻碍，拦路抢劫
20 term/session/semester/ climate/weather
写作大纲
推荐结构保守结构
1 导言段1、原文结构
2、正文段2、原文要点
3 结论段 3 无结论
点睛
1文章分段
2 充分利用标题（标题嵌入首段）
3 段段都有主题句
4、末端句重复主题句（首尾呼应）
1）三种类型
①如何做原文how to do sth.
②描写议论原文what?s it and why is it so
③综合型原文what?s and how to do
、“how to ”原文结构
第一段：陈述问题，点出how to do(thesis statement) 第二段：讨论how to do,
first ,second(besides) ,…,finally
First: do sth. 科学道理
Second: 内容同上相似
第三段：给出结束信号，首尾呼应
重述first,second,以达…目的/为…目的，做
first,second
3 描写讨论型
第一段：陈述主题→现状（一般堪忧），点出what/why (全文中心句)→首段末句（this article /essay discusses 引用标题）
第二段：描述现状：讨论原因（first,second,third）第三段：结论信号→重复主题句→提建议（引用标题）
What/why 描写论述型
第一段：陈述主题→现状（一般堪忧）
What+how 综合型
第一段：陈述主题→现状（堪忧）→点出What+how （全文中心句）→首段末句This article/essay is a discussion of 引用标题
第二段：建议如何做（first,second,third）:祈使句＋科学理由
第三段：结论信号→重述主题句→提出呼吁或建议Example：Drills 1,5,10 sup1,2
４)常用首段点题句
如何进入主题（点题），开头句（废话）之后，加入转折词；用设问句来点题，后自问自答。如however, nevertheless, but等
1 however, why did …happen?
2 …,what can we do?(should be down)
①This article is a discussion of (引用标题)②In this article, the author briefly discuses…
(引用关键词) is briefly discussed/described ③Here are some advice on this
④What is …then…
3常用首段点题句（2）
⑤However, how long can we have a good sleep? here are some tips from some researchers/experts. Medical scientists have put forward some advice about this. 引用关键词或标题as follows.
⑥This essay/article/passage is a brief discussion (of) introduction to these factors/the importance/causes or reasons/advice 引用标题句或关键词、主旨词。
⑦设问：How can we have a good sleep?
⑧why is引用关键词like this? Here is a brief answer to this question.
⑨This essay discusses effects of life-style on health and how to live in a healthy lifestyle.主旨
⑩This essay analyzes the cause of the phenomenon and attributes it to a idea about Biological clock 生物钟
4 作文三原则
原则一：安全第一，力保及格；
①句子结构简单
②语法正确（时态、语态）
③用词朴实、准确，没把握别卖弄；
④点缀一些修饰性结构（定语从句等）
原则二：
①尽量多写，200左右
②写了总比不写好；
③多写总比少写好。
原则三：尽量引用关键词、标题
5 写作技巧
①划线：实质性、实词性单词，句子
②串联：穿出词和句
③三程式：导言→正文→结论
④主题句：段段都有，不宜太长
6 步骤
①浏览全文：理解中心思想→找出主题句、关键词，全文中心句
②下划线：划出关键词、句，给要点划线，摘录，透过现象看本质
③整理笔记，用完整的句子或短语表达
按适当顺序排列要点（要点简洁，忽略次要细节、引语、故事、例子、数据等）
摘要就是删去不必要的细节，留下实质性内容
④起草摘要，据排列要点起草摘要，（忌照抄或逐字翻译）；这样有助于用自己能够驾驭的文字表达，摆脱原文束缚，达到摘要的目的
⑤整理修改：使文章更简练，同时用连词：since, however
⑥摘要动笔：短、完整、流畅、重点突出
忠实于原文
用自己能够驾驭的文字表达或改写原文，忌用第一人称，注意客观，用第三人称，时态根据原文定
如果没有开头、结尾句，找中心、主旨，关键词、实词连线重要词句，整理划线―――动笔即得分9摘要常见错误
无关键词
无中心句
翻译原文
瞎编
不连贯
中式英语chinglish满篇eg. Pay attention to要变成should, the body 要改为health
原文类型未分清why，how，what
标题未译
理想字数180－220 ，写到反面3～4行
12 禁忌
逐字翻译
引用过细，例子、数据
引用故事、神话
被原文牵着鼻子走
13 查错
找句号，数句子
先主后从
先主谓后修饰①人称和数②位置是否妥当
15 常见问题
16 近年出题规律
①段落结构清
②全文大标题，分段小标题
③无起始段，无结论段
17写作题材与题目
一公共、社会、预防医学等
二医学热门话题（流行语）
医疗改革、民营、医改、医保、看病难、贵
农村医疗卫生工作，医德医风
流行病，突发公共卫生，H1N1，非典，禽流感，猪链球菌，
医学科普文章易接受
18 历年作文
人体十大异常指标
1.前列腺病（增生hyperplasia,炎inflammation）Prostate diseases
2. 乳腺hyperplasia of mammary glands
mas?titis 乳腺炎ga?lactophore 乳腺
3. 子宫颈cervix uteri diseases
uterus→uteri子宫cervix子宫颈
4. 血脂blood fat abnormality
5. 脂肪肝fat liver
6.高血压hypertension
7.转氨酶hyper transaminase
8.子宫肌瘤hysteromy?oma
9.高血糖hypergly?cemia
10. 卵巢囊肿o?varian cyst
亚健康sub-health
禽流感H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu
食品安全food safety
抗氧化药物和食品anti-oxidation drugs and foods 克隆cloning AIDs
抗抑郁药物anti-depression drugs
人工心脏artificial heart
公共卫生突发事件emergent public health event
应急反应immediate response to
关注民生concern(focus on, pay attention to) people?s livelihood/well-being
城乡卫生体系the urban and rural medical and health system
到2020年，全民享受卫生保健
China aims to provide all with healthcare(healthcare for all) by 2020
WHO两个口号：人人有健康人人享有医疗保健
1月29日
P10 make one?s life
Prosper/thrive thrival, revival
Prosperous economy of china in the financial crisis. Prosperity,multiply
53 innovate :innovation ,innovative
Relieve,allevivate,lessen, diminish,ameliorate改善/进54 retention 拘留
Accumulation
55 respectable 值得尊重,应受尊重的eatable可食用Respectful尊敬人的，恭敬的edible可食用的I am respectful
Three “hypers” refers to hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia
56 fragile, delicate
preserve保护，维持
reserve保留，预订n.储藏,储备;保护区,拘谨
60 fakes 伪造品original 原文/著，真品
糖尿病作文
According to WHO, there are 0.194 billion diabetes patients around the world and the number will increase to 0.366 billion by the year 2025. The situation is worsening.
China is one of the those countries having the largest population of diabetes patients. This essay/article briefly discusses diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder of the body, characterized by hyperglycemia /high blood sugar. This is caused by insufficient insulin secretion or lowered sensitivity of B cells to insulin. Long hyperglycemia may harm many internal organs and a lot of complications (other disorders).
Clinical symptoms
Its clinical/major symptoms include thirsty, hunger, over-drinking, over-eating, excessive urine (frequent visit to WC) and loss of weight. With these, one can be diagnosed as a diabetes patient.
Its real cause is still not clear/unknown, but the following can be regarded as its risk factors. First,
family history, especially parents with that history. Second, over-eating and over-nutrition. Third, obesity or overweight. Fourth, those with hypertension and high blood lipid or early CHD. Fifth, middle-aged people and excessive alcohol drinkers.
The prevention
The prevention methods can be summed as follows. Know more, eating? less, exercise more and relax more often. All this helps one actively resist and prevent diabetes and its risk factors.
P71 writing 长寿秘诀
The medicine for longevity/a long life/one to live a long life.// The secret to longevity.
If there is a medicine for longevity, everybody might want to buy it. Indeed, there is such a medicine, that is eating less. An experiment on the monkey has proved this.
However, why is this medicine for longevity? Here are the answers to it.
P49 writing 顺从自然
Since ancient times, there has been an important philosophical idea/thought that
prioritizes/stresses/emphasizes man?s obedience to nature, which is advocated by great thinkers at home and abroad for a long time.
The following is a brief discussion of this idea.
Obedience to nature
There has been an important philosophical idea that has been advocated by many great thinkers since ancient times. That idea is man?s obedience to nature. This essay briefly discusses this idea.
First, it means to get along with nature by obey this rules of nature. For example, man has to face his death peacefully and quietly by regarding death as an essential part of life and nature. Dr. schwalts and Mr. Luhame set us a good example of coming to terms with death and life.
Second, it means man should not disobey the rules and laws of nature, otherwise he will be punished by nature with disasters such as floods and storms, etc.
Third, the idea tells us to live in a manner by following the biological rhythm of the body. This may suggest we can avoid sub-health is a case.(?句子有问题) Fourth, the idea can be applicable in medical treatment. Recently, a Japanese researchers has successfully applied the idea of obedience to nature to the treatment of some disease.
To conclude, obedience to nature is a road to a healthy and happy life.
P39 listening
11 fill up 按处方取药
take his comments with a grain of salt不理睬
生活方式各种术语
lifestyle=bad living habits include over-eating,
over-drinking, over-work, sit up late, inactive daily life, sedentary daily life, short of exercise, lack of physical exercise, smoking, unbalanced diet, over-nutrition, irregular bed-time, lack of sleep, long term of unhealthy lifestyle may cause/lead to/result in many diseases, including …., diseases related to/caused by unhealthy lifestyle.
Heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hemorrhage, stroke, paralysis, heart attack, clot, thrombus血栓infarction, coronary heart disease, ischemia,缺血anemia贫血，septicemia败血症，leukemia＝leucemia(非白血性)白血病，blood vessel, sclerosis硬化症arteriosclerosis动脉硬化，artery, vein, dripping, the handicapped, the disabled, invalid,
risk factors: low-fat food, low-sugar, low-salt food, sugar-free
词汇发散
不利Harm, be harmful to, do harm to, unfavorable to, hinder, inhibit
有利be beneficial/beneficiary to, favorable, do good to, be helpful to, promote
Some amount of spirit
Wine/alcohol can promote your blood circulation
伤：wound, injury, damage, brain damage,wounded soldier, injure in leg, hurt,
He was badly hurt/injured in the traffic accident. Symptoms/signs
Sleep n.vi. fall asleep, sleepy/drowsy, get up, wake up, can?t fall asleep=have difficulty with falling asleep, sleep problems/disorders, loss of sleep, sleep like a dog, insomnia
时尚词语
people first 以人为本
humanized (patient-oriented/central) medical service humanistic, humanism,
diseases related to lifestyle 生活方式病
不卫生的生活习惯unhealthy living habits
influenza A/H1N1
和谐社会harmonious society，homonize
词汇发散
prevent, prevention, preventive medicine 预防药物prevention and treatment of H1N1 flu.
Treat强调过程
Cure sb. of A.P.(atypical pneumonia) 非典
Heal 伤口愈合
Recover，recovery
Fall ill, contract a disease, fall down with, catch a cold, suffer from, have , live with cancer, visit a doctor/go to the hospital/clinic, call a doctor, make an appointment with doctor预约医生看病
Communicate with the patient, complain of sickness, insomnia, dizziness, examine diagnosis, diagnosize, prescribe/prescription, give advice, administer, fill the prescription 取药fill the prescription/fill it up, refill, drugstore, pharmacy, pharmacist, chemist?s, inpatient, outpatient department, admit, hospitalize, treatment, have recovered,
dismiss, check out, discharge出院
1月29日下午
P3 31 imaginary, not real, fictious,
Imaginable 可想象的
Imaginative image vi vt
Imaging成像 B
32 dismiss：refuse to consider; 出院
eliminate：completely get rid of, Completely destroyed eradicate: 摧毁，完全根除wipe out彻底摧毁, 消灭illuminate :lighten
discard A
33 D ignore 故意不理
ratify: approve 批准，签认（合约等）
draft：草案/稿，征兵，干啤；v. 起草
violate violence, violent, voluntary volunteer prosecute 检察官accuse, charge
persecute
execute executive branch行政部门
judicial branch, legislative branch立法部门
admit: the man admitted that he was guilty of embezzlement of public funds.
Admit: 收治病人
Ward 31 was admitted for his lung cancer last Friday. Dismiss, discharge 出院
35 B law enforcement personnel
Endorse: express formal support for 正式支持，原意：在背面签字
Select＝choose 36 B bestow upon=give to
Credit with, credit card 信用卡
Incredible 不可信的
Incredulous 不轻信的
Give credit to: owe one?s success to sb.
Grant
Apply for a fund and the bidding was approved and we were grant the fund.
37 tackle : solve, deal with
Tapper press: suppress, impress,express
Tangle :become twisted 纠缠，纠结
Tangible ＝concrete
38 harmonize, harmony, harmonious,
get along=live in harmony with=harmonize with depend on: rely on, count on dependent
39 decline 衰落，下降，拒绝
40 let alone=not to mention
Let off放掉/过,免除;引发,引爆,让…下车/船
: let go 放走/开
Let up放松; 减少/弱
41 altitude 高度alt-高音(的)
Latitude纬度lat-宽/阔的longitude经度
aptitude 能力apt 有…倾向，聪明的灵巧的SAT: Scholastic Aptitude Test 学术智能测验
42C stubborn=obstinate
Unwilling, reluctant
Talented 有才华的brilliant
Be determined to pass FATMD this year indeterminate不确定的,模糊的
indeterminacy不确定不明确
determinate限定确定的terminate，terminator exterminate vt.消灭; 根绝
43 B
44 stand for代表,拥护, put up with，stand, endure, tolerate, tolerant
Sufferance忍耐,tolerance, suppuration 化脓
Plague 瘟疫
45 the lady was provoked because of the man?s provocative expressions.
Enlighten: inspire
Eligible: qualified
Legible: that can be recognized,
Please write in legible handwriting.
Legitimate=reasonable合理的
Illegal
I will be obliged ,obligation=duty
Intelligible=clear, easily understand
Intelligent=smart, clever
CIA: central intelligence agency
Intellectual n. well-educated people
Competent 有能力胜任的
47 prevent sb. From doing
Protect sb. against
48. depression 抑郁，萧条by accident catastrophe
calamity
disaster
frustrate: every student here is somewhat frustrate before FATMD.
49 福祉well-being, happiness
painstaking
submissive 服从-submit
50 mourn哀叹/悼lament 悲叹,哀悼,伤心,痛惜Delightful，I am delighted to tell you that
P22 睡眠
In sleep we spend 1/3 of our lifetime. However, sleep is not a waste of time but another work of the brain to store and supply energy. The following essay discusses the relation between sleep and health.
1、sleep promotes health
With the quickened pace of life and work and increased pressures, people often work overtime and suffer from lack of sleep. Surveys indicate that 45% of traffic accidents and 50% of on-site就地accidents are related to lack of sleep. Besides, lack of sleep may harm our immunity and thus causes many diseases. Of course, this doesn?t mean the more sleep the better. It is the quality of sleep that really counts.
2、snore and sleep
Snore is a disorder of the body, which can lower the sleep quality of the patient and his/her family and worsen one?s memory, efficiency and even cause hypertension diabetes, etc. fortunately, some doctors in a hospital in Beijing are looking for a method to treat snore.
3、almost every night, most people have dreams in their sleep. Most dreams do not come true. In dreamless sleep, muscles of the body begin replenish their energy and strength for the next day.
In conclusion, sleep is closely related to one?s health. If we want to enjoy good health, let us have a good sleep everyday.
Top 10 cases of death that can be prevented
HD, cancer ,stroke, chronic respiratory, accidents, diabetes, Alzheimer?s disease, Flu and pheumonia, kidney D, septicemia败血症
2010年十大考题预测
?睡眠与健康
?视力是一种有限资源
?糖尿病
?流感
?肥胖问题
?三高与亚健康
?老年痴呆症
?帕金森症
?可预防的
?
P23 sub-health/ subhealth listless倦怠无精打采冷淡With the quickened pace of life and work, an increasing number of people in cities suffer from
sub-health. However, what?s sub-health? What cause it and how to prevent it? This essay tries to answer these questions.
First, what is sub-health? Some expert define it as a grey state/condition/disorder between health and abnormality, characterized by chronic fatigue, sleep problems, listlessness, dizziness, panic, short of breath, to name just a few. However, ordinary hospital instrument physical checkup can?t find anything really with these people.
Second, what cause it? There are many social and enviro n mental factors that contribute to this. Among them are unhealthy lifestyle and behavioral habits. These habits include: over-eating, over-drinking and over intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods, inactive daily life and work are to blame too, which result in excessive pressures.
Third, women are more susceptible to sub-health. Some experts advise women to prevent it: to stabilize emotion/stay(keep) calm, prevent consti?pation便秘, speak less and keep warm.
To conclude, s sub-health is harmful to us but can be prevented if we live in a healthy lifestyle.
词汇发散
physical exercise，promote circulation, burn fat and consume energy/calorie, sleep, work, running, swimming, taiji, qigong, judo, yuga, dancing, outing, climbing mountains, jogging, walk the dog, healthy, be in good health/condition, be as strong as a horse,
nutrition, malnutrition, nutrient, nutritious, nourishing, over-nutrition, nutri ti onist, take in, intake,
to prevent obesity, one should increase his intake of fat,
sugar, salt, stale foods, vitamins, proteins, starch and increase his intake of vegetables and fruit.
过劳死
I大标题：stay/keep off/faraway from karoshi
II. 题型what, why, how to
words：sudden death, sub-health
CFS(chronic fatigue syndrome)= sub-health
Risk factors, causes/methods/ways/means to prevent Lifespan,/life expectancy, stress/ pressure
Due to over-work, work overtime, psychological, physiological, mental/physical disorders/condition III. 基本方法
1、照猫画虎，据原文结构
①大、小标题照抄
②无开头结论段
③勿逐字翻译
2、要点：常见问题
?结构问题：利用结构不好，what+why+how to
?is karoshi a disease？
?定义? chinglish 太多，拼凑句子多
?提笔就译，给阅卷老师印像差
老师范文karoshi
Stay away from karoshi/Prevention of karoshi
Karoshi is defined as a sudden death caused by chronic fatigue due to excessive stress, over-time work and other sub-health symptoms. This essay briefly discusses karoshi.
1. successful in career but poor in health
A survey shows that the average lifespan of Chinese intellectuals/well-educated /elite people is much shorter than the average of the nation by 17 years. Another survey finds over 50% of the subjects complain of sleep disorder, back pain, worsening memory and emotional problems.
2. Four invisible/hidden/potential killers
There are four invisible risk factors that may cause karoshi, Those include cardiovascular diseases. Asymptomatic CHD, hypertension, chronic fatigue syndrom e, excessive stress psychologically and physiologically, etc. they are hidden because it is difficult to find them in ordinary physical/ health checkup.
3. Four ways to prevent karoshi
There many ways to prevent it but the most effective ones seem to include the following. First, have physical checkup regularly/every year to early detect those hidden diseases. Second, learn to relax by traveling, climbing mountains, singing, and dancing, to name just a few. Third, keep exercise to stren g then the body, promote metabolism, and postpone aging process. Lastly, try to be optimistic and stay in good spirits. Which can help prevent fatigue and remain energetic.
In conclusion, karoshi is deadly but not unpreventable if we follow the above advice.
1月30日下午P97 close
31 account for : be responsible for
deteriorate : worsen
32 affliction=suffer from grief
alternative –choice, alter, alternate
allocation, generous, general
alliance ally allied联合同盟的alley[…?li]小巷/径
alloy合金
33 exceptionally=unuaually
exhaust v. be exhausted
exhaust gas废气exhaustive=thorough,complete
I am exhausted for preparation for the FATMD.
This is an exhaustive study of karoshi
Exclusive report from CCTV
Exclusive=rule out
Include conclude preclude阻止; 排除; 妨碍
34 potent, separate cardinal基本主要的chief 35 cognitive 认知的recognize
cohesive 有结合力的，粘着的粘性的
be shared by all members
comic, comedy,-tragic, tragedy
36. mortgage v.n. 抵押（借款）default 违约deception, deficit, sleep deficiency,
37 exaggerate 夸张
exceed 超过excessive, successor继任者predecessor 前任succeed in doing, be successful in sth
38 faculty 天赋，大学教员
facility能力，设施/备fascination, fabricate
39 rule out, salvage, save, salvation army救世军savage, saliva, sabotage[…s?b?tɑ:3]n.vt. 阴谋破坏
40 check 阻挡，将军play chess
physical/health check up=examination
work out解决，产生结果: have a good result
look into 调查，check up on
five sense: including smell, hearing, sight/vision, taste, touch sensitive, allergic, sensor
sensational news, insensitive感觉迟钝，不友好sensual 肉体(上)的; 感官的肉欲的
sensible 理智的sensibility
sense and sensibility 情感与理智
41 domain boost提升，促进govern，dominate
governess 家庭女教师
clarify: make clear, clarity 清晰度
pioneer 先锋，开拓
42、sensible: reasonable-rational realistic 现实的
43 vene?ration 尊敬崇拜n. recognition认识sincerity，heritage, inheritable 可继承的inherent 内在固有的
44 exquisite做工精致very finely made
unique独一无二，与众不同的
45 maintenance 保养indicator标志物
option=choice, optical 视觉的optimeter 光学计compulsory
46 strenuous费力的arduous艰苦的
continuous 连续不断continual 有间断
47 －able表被动
practicable可行适用，flexible柔韧灵活，易弯曲
48 esteem: respect, honor
49 dismal：阴沉凄凉令人忧郁：show sadness/dismay promising有希望的fanatic 狂人,疯子
…lunatic疯子;极愚蠢的
50 ensure确保，担保assure 使确信/保险，口头肯定insure保证，为…保险beforehand=in advance
ruin 毁
词汇发散
1CNS central nervous system
brain, cortex, spinal cord, spine, transfer and process information with the brain
2 respirate, aspirin, breathe, breath, respiratory system, inhale, inhalation, exhale, lung, throat, short of breath, be out of breath, gasp for breath, lung cancer, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary肺(部)的, vital capacity肺活量
3、digestive system, digest, (in)digestion, stomach, gastroin?testinal diseases胃肠疾病, gastric diseases, stomach cancer, stomachache, ulcer, heart burn, bowel, intestine, diarrhea, (lose one?s bowel)?=have loose bowels, stool, feces,
4 circulatory system : blood, vessels, myocardial ischemia心肌缺血It pumps blood in the body, ischemia: insufficient blood supply to the heart
5 endocrine system: secrete, secretion, hormone, gland，estrogene雌激素, adrenalin肾上腺素
6 integumentary外皮的system皮被系统hair, nail, skin, derma真皮，corneous layer角质层
7 lymphatic system: lymphocytes
8 activity system: muscle, bone, joints
9 limbs, upper limbs, arms, hands, elbow, shoulder, wrist, toe, finger/thumb, lower limbs: thigh, hip, knee, leg, foot, ankle, bone fracture, bone graft 10 urinary system: urine, urine test, urinate小便，bladder，kidney，excrete排泄secrete分泌excretive system排泄系统。I have to answer the call of nature. Heart, brain, liver, spleen脾脏，坏脾气怨气怒气, Medical student, intern v.n 实习医师/被拘留者Rotation，resident doctor住院医师
private doctor, visiting doctor主治医师
associate senior doctor副主任医师
senior doctor主任医师
contract doctor?
Inpatient, outpatient, ward, ward round查房go around Vital signs生命体征: pulse/heartbeat，blood pressure, heart rate; cardiac rate 心率breathe
temperature,
body floods: sweat, blood, saliva [s??laiv?], sperm精子, sputum痰
ethical codes of medical profession医德
听力
*表示同意：I see eye to eye with you. I will see.
And how用降调，I?m behind you.
*表示不同意：I doubt, not likely. I wouldn?t say that. No way. Don?t bet on it.
*surprise/disbelief : come on. I couldn?t get over.
Says you! It can?t be.
*强烈虚拟if only与事实相反
*强调：so+did, was, or is
so you did go.
E.g. I just got home from the concert.
So.
*表示不知道：don?t ask me.
★It is the last thing I would like to do=I would not want it for anything.
One of the attendant difficulties during the war was lack of food, 伴随的，随之而来的
Attend to one?s business.专心于事业。
Be void/devoid of common sense 缺乏常识
From bad to worse每况愈下
作文讲评
1、作文标题: 越简单越好，可以提问，但是易出错
e.g. Is fruit indispensable 不如fruit and health
2 主旨：水果重要，不但吃，必须吃，不能替代
3 分段：?不可替代和制造，必须天天吃，功用
?因成分起作用，合成不如天然，各种成分协同，各种功用重提。
?结论：不可不吃，不能替代。
4、关键词：replace，take place of, substitute, synthetic, synthesize, fruit, vitamins, artificial,
man-made, essential, necessary, fundamental, intake, substance, ingredients, element, natural
范文Can we do without fruit/fruit and health
WHO recently advocates that people eat five kinds of fruit and vegetables everyday. This is probably because fruit contains many substances, vitamins and fibres that cannot be synthesized by the body itself but can promote anti-oxidation, put off aging, etc. and benefits our health. surveys indicates that people eating little fruit die of lung cancer more than those eating a lot by 75%. In China, males eat much less fruit.
However, what elements in fruit play such a role?
A study shows that artificial vitamins cannot protect people against lung cancer as vitamins in fruit implying that artificial vitamins in fruit. Besides, vitamins in natural plants do not act alone but in cooperation with many other vitamins and nutriments. That may explain why experts observe that man-made vitamins are not as effective as god-made ones. Moreover, there are many other physiologically active substances in fruit and vegetables that have not been recognized by man. The anti-oxidation effect of fruit and vegetables like garlic, carrot, tomato, etc. which can raise the activity of some one(?) and thus postpone aging.
To sum up, fruit is indispensable to our daily diet and not replaceable by artificial vitamins.
P108 Cloze
31 A insanitary=unsanitary, insidious 阴险险恶的insane, inefficacious 无效
32 abstain戒酒，戒除；弃权
abstain from alcohol/smoking
admonish 警告，告诫，训诫warn，condemn adduce 引证，例举
33 pull off 拉开，成功做wear out 用旧/坏
pass out 晕过去，散发write off 划掉dismiss Damage was so bad that it can?t be used.
34. B convenient, advent : onset, appearance interface 界面，aftermath 后果，恶果
*35. A sterilize 消毒，label贴标签，quarant 检疫contact vt. get into contact with
quarantined zone 隔离区retain 保持/留
detain 扣留…alienate 转让/让渡(财产),离间，使疏远36 D alienating: cause to become hostile and unfriendly remedy: ameliorate, lessen, relieve, diminish
37 C blossom 花蕾buffer缓冲
buffet(火车/站的)餐车vt.连续猛击
38 C upset 打乱me?tastasis 转移
malaise 不适/隐忧maintenance维持保养赡养费39 C potency 效力效能威力，(男人)性交能力fiber 纤维
…lethargy 昏睡，无精打采le?thargic
lethal […li:θ?l]致死的, 能致命的破坏性的, 有害的
40 C reflect on 思考，反映
41、promote – enhance
induce/reduce vi.节食/deduce/deduct 扣除减去interfere with=intervene in
No other country or government is entitled to interering with interval affairs of China.
42 defect: flaw, drawback, faults
assist: aid, help, first aid急救: culprit罪犯
triumph=victory
43. frustrated, perplexed--bewilder
exasperate vt. 触怒激怒；irritate= enrage
skin rash=skin irritation ,irritable
44 regard 关注，disregard 不关心
callous 起老茧的冷漠的－indifferent，apathetic sympathetic有同情心的
diffident缺乏自信的羞怯的
confident自信的
confidential 机密的,保密的confidential friends密友deliberate= on purpose, deliver a speech,
federal delivery联邦快递
45 akin to=similar to 相似的pant－gasp喘息/气resonate 共振/鸣
46 A rejoicing n. jolly，reconcile with和解，make up with恢复，和好come to terms with resent 愤恨refresh使振作，使恢复
47 bacteria, bacterium, bacterial
infection, The patient was infected with the avian flu. Coronary virus冠状病毒hospital infection院内感染Infectious/infective/contagious disease 传染病Pandemic(疾病)大流行的, communicable会传染的epidemic流行病, epidemical传染病的流行的Curable－incurable , He is incurably ill.
The professor is an incurable lover of science. Impudent 无礼放肆，
Prudent 轻率鲁莽，imprudent 谨慎的
Purulent脓的化脓的judicious明智的; 明断的
48 endanger，encumber妨碍阻碍：burden with
49 consecutive, super-conductive material超传导材料
50、inevitable不可避免的
controversy n. dispute=disagreement
词汇发散
die, deathrate=death rate, dead, die of cancer, die in poverty, be dying
euthanasia =merciful killing, medical ethics医学伦理学ethic, ethical 伦理的
medical professionals are now constantly confronted with many ethical dilemmas.
Death toll死亡人数fatality致死率，致命性，灾难Incidence 发生率，影响范围
Man, humankind, human beings, human race, vegetarian素食者，只有蔬菜等humani?tarian人道主义，慈善的humanize使通人情，教化Humanized medical service 人性化医疗服务Sneeze, cough, spit 吐唾沫/痰, spit phlegm [flem] 黏液,痰, yawn, 哈欠yarn奇闻漫谈，纺纱
Itchy, irritable, scratch, apply some ointment to抹药Painful，painless，kill the pain, pain-killer, anesthetic [,?nis?θetik]麻醉剂anesthesia麻醉
local anesthetic 局麻general anesthetic 全麻
doctor-patient communication
communication between doctors and patients history, complain of, complaint, examine,
Sanlu scandal三鹿事件, food safety/security poison, poisonous milk power, in-toxic, toxin,
routes of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind, man to man transmission
体检词汇
It is important to take body checkup regularly Internal medicine, department of Cardiology. Department of Gastric diseases, neurology, pediatrics, endocrinology内分泌学, gynecology妇科医学，obstetrics产科学，respiratory diseases，
ENT(ears,nose,throat 耳鼻喉科), dentistry,
stoma?tology,口腔病学dermatology皮肤病学Oncology肿瘤学laboratory examination, lavatory厕所, ophthalmology [,fθ?l?mэl?d3i], 眼科学Emergency room急诊科department of orthopedics骨科，urology泌尿学，have an operation
Surgical department外科，recovery ward Department of thoracic surgery胸外
Lump 肿块dump倾倒、丢弃，垃圾场
Pump，bump，bumper保险杠，特大丰盛的Plump 圆胖丰满的
P61 writing人性化服务表现为：
1、医师的保护
2 术后处理
3、避免过度治疗
范文
with the reform and opening of Shanghai to the outside world, more and more doctors from abroad have come to work in some hospitals in Shanghai . These foreign doctors have brought with them some new and novel ideas and changes. Among this is humanized medical service. Here is a brief introduction to it.
First, humanized medical service can be
seen/experienced in the enhanced sense of
self-protection at work. In a hospital there, disposable mask, gloves, hand lotions, etc. are readily available for the staff.
Second, it also means patient-centered service. For example, owing post-surgical sedation镇静/sedative measures, the previously wards full of painful cries and groans are now quiet and peaceful.
Third, the new service is more considerate to patients. Doctors now depend more on communication with their patients for diagnosis than on expensive instrument examination. Besides, doctors also try to prescribe inexpensive but effective medication to their patients.
To conclude, humanized medical service brought about by the foreign medical staff is welcome both to patients and all the staff.
Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.
做最好的打算，最坏的准备。
朱泰琪考研英语写作专题讲座
2011朱泰琪考研英语写作讲座 主题：考什么类型作文？如何写? 用什么句型写？如何才能写 好？ 本人今年考上的研究生，英语水平极差，但考研英语考得专门理想，关键就在本人的杀手锏：英语万能作文模板，呵呵，它不仅保证了我大作文打16+（满分20），使我作文得高分而且还节约了大量时刻做其他的题目，这模板所需填的词极少，背下即可！有对英语发愁的可加交流经验啊，呵呵 一．The main types of guided writing: 1. 提纲式作文：
Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who don’t agree with it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline. 1. Role of women in modern society 2. Prejudices and discrimination against women 3. My comment You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes. Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.
惯性导航作业
惯性导航作业
一、数据说明： 1：惯导系统为指北方位的捷连系统。初始经度为116.344695283度、纬度为39.975172度,高度h为30米。初速度 v0=[-9.993908270;0.000000000;0.348994967]。 2：jlfw中为600秒的数据，陀螺仪和加速度计采样周期分别为为1/100秒和1/100秒。 3：初始姿态角为[2 1 90]（俯仰，横滚，航向,单位为度）,jlfw.mat中保存的为比力信息f_INSc(单位m/s^2)、陀螺仪角速率信息wib_INSc(单位rad/s)，排列顺序为一~三行分别为X、Y、Z向信息. 4: 航向角以逆时针为正。 5:地球椭球长半径re=6378245;地球自转角速度wie=7.292115147e-5;重力加速度g=g0*(1+gk1*c33^2)*(1-2*h/re)/sqrt(1-gk2*c33^2)； g0=9.7803267714;gk1=0.00193185138639;gk2=0.00669437999013;c33=sin(lat纬度); 二、作业要求： 1：可使用MATLAB语言编程，用MATLAB编程时可使用如下形式的语句读取数据：load D:\...文件路径...\jlfw,便可得到比力信息和陀螺仪角速率信息。用角增量法。 2：(1) 以系统经度为横轴，纬度为纵轴（单位均要转换为：度）做出系统位置曲线图； (2) 做出系统东向速度和北向速度随时间变化曲线图（速度单位：m/s，时间单位：s）； (3) 分别做出系统姿态角随时间变化曲线图（俯仰，横滚，航向,单位转换为：度，时间单位：s）； 以上结果均要附在作业报告中。 3：在作业报告中要写出“程序流程图、现阶段学习小结”，写明联系方式。
2020年医学考博英语作文模板(1).doc
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学术英语写作总结分析解析
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机、GPS 接收机与导航计算机、GPS 天线与GPS 接收机、GPS 接收机与GPS 电池之间的连接线正确连接； ③ 打开GPS 接收机电源，确认可以接收到4颗以上卫星； ④ 打开电源，启动实验系统。 2） 捷联惯导/GPS 组合导航实验 ① 进入捷联惯导初始对准状态，记录IMU 的原始输出，注意5分钟内严禁移动实验车和IMU ； ② 实验系统经过5分钟初始对准之后，进入导航状态； ③ 移动实验车，按设计实验路线行驶； ④ 利用监控计算机中的导航软件进行导航解算，并显示导航结果。 五、 实验结果及分析 (一) 理论推导捷联惯导短时段（1分钟）位置误差，并用1分钟惯导实验数据验证。 1、一分钟惯导位置误差理论推导： 短时段内（t<5min ），忽略地球自转0ie ω=，运动轨迹近似为平面1/0R =，此时的位置误差分析可简化为： （1） 加速度计零偏?引起的位置误差：2 10.88022t x δ?==m （2） 失准角0φ引起的误差：2 02 0.92182g t x φδ==m （3） 陀螺漂移ε引起的误差：3 30.01376 g t x εδ==m 可得1min 后的位置误差值123 1.8157m x x x x δδδδ=++= 2、一分钟惯导实验数据验证结果： （1）纯惯导解算1min 的位置及位置误差图：
医学博士英语作文
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如中国医疗体系的现状: The State of Arts of Chinese Medical Care System 或医疗制度的改革: Reform of Chinese Medical Care System (2) 讲到一个负面的问题，一般都是和健康有关系的，就可以说 sth1 and Health 如吸烟和健康，早餐和健康等等 (3)如果本文只讲到了一件事情，那么可以用介词短语 如A Blind Zone in Child-nutrition, (小孩营养问题的盲区) 等等 注意:1、第一个词和所有的实词大写，介词和冠词(The, a an)等虚词小写 2、最好要是陈述性的词组，除非原文的标题本来是疑问句 步骤二、浏览全文，把要点在试卷上划记下来 既然是写文章的总结(summary)，那么首先需要浏览全文，我感觉这些文章都已经把条理给整理清楚了，那么基本可以确定大概的几条，在试卷上把重要的部分用笔划出来;还可以把序号打上，说明一共有几点。注意:1、不用划记细节描写的语句，而用文章中陈述性的语句。一般来说主题句都是陈述性的语句。如讲到公费医疗体系的问题，你不要去划记那些中国的公立医院有多少，增长了多少的句子，而应该着重看陈述性的主题句是怎么说的，如果说有了大幅度的增长你就要知道这句话是最重要的句子。(切记:除非本文就是讲数据，而且目的在于测试考生们数据增长、减少等句型的话，那么就要用数据说明问题了) 步骤三、确定一个全文的主题句 这个问题是最重要的，也就是文章讲了什么 步骤四、确定每个段落的主题句 步骤五、最后有个小小的总结 文章的框架: 文章字数是200，那么大约是11-13句左右的样子。 标题
医学考博英语万能模板
考博英语作文谚语警句性议论文模板 It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. Itmeans ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A casein point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapiddevelopment of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get inour daily study andjob. 考博英语作文答题性议论文模板 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (theissue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, anotherway contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______,we should find a number of various ways. Butas far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. 考博英语作文利弊型的议论文模板 Nowadays, thereisa widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact,there are both advantages and disadvantages in __ 题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___ 优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popularsaying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一 ______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, weshould try to bring theadvantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
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写作知识系列辅导——英语写作的基本步 骤 Hello，everyone！上次我们讲了英语段落的写法，这次我要给大家说说英语写作的基本步骤。 英语的写作也像汉语写作一样要解决一下写作步骤的问题。就像一个人的思路，如果思路清晰、有条理，做起事来才能有条不紊。掌握了科学的写作步骤，是写出高水平的英语习作的必要条件。 第一步，审题。 无论写什么样的文章都不能离开文章的主题。主题是文章所要表达的中心，是文章的灵魂主宰。如果审不清主题，就有可能出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的情况。例如：“My Fav ourite Sport”这篇文章，中心字眼是Favourite。首先圈定大范围是sport，关键还在于Favourite。如果只把所有的运动罗列一遍，就不能说是“最喜爱的”，就不切题了。 在审清主题的基础上，同学们还需注意要审清文体。初中阶段要求写作的文体并不复杂，一般有两种：①陈述体。即叙述、记叙一件事，或描述一件物体。②对话体。即通过一定的情景，模拟二者对话的内容，只有把文体审清，才能保证写作的大方向不会错。 第二步，选材。
审完题之后，就应该着手选材了。主题是文章的宗旨，材料必须为主题服务。主题必须统领材料，二者是密不可分、相辅相成的关系。既然要选材，就必须有充足的备选材料。只有平时多观察、多学习、多积累才能保证材料充分、详实。在具备充足的材料的基础上，要学会去粗取精，去伪存真。还要分清材料的主次与详略，做到该详则详，该略则略，即详略得当。 第三步，列提纲。 写文章之前列个提纲是个非常好的写作习惯。列提纲可以使杂乱无章的材料变得井然有序；列提纲可以使你紧扣主题不跑题；列提纲还可以节约你的时间，提高写作效率。 列提纲时不必过于详细，可以根据题目要求，考虑你的文章分几段，或者分几个层次，每段的大意是什么，计划好文章的整体结构。提纲有时可以是短语或词组，做到自己明白即可。 第四步，动笔。 写作时一定要切题，抓住要点。题目要求的内容一定要写进去，以保证内容的完整。对于与要求无关的内容切忌任意发挥，画蛇添足。写作时要注意语法正确、用词得当、语言地道。在写不同题材和体裁时，所用的句式、时态及用词均不同。写作时要多从交流的角度考虑以上几个方面。 写作时切忌用汉译英的方式进行。不要把题目中的汉语
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图4-1-1USB_PCL6045B 评估板原理框图 如图4-1-1 所示，CN11 接口主要用于外部电源连接，可以选择DC5V 单一电源或DC5V/24V 电源。CN12 接口是USB 信号接口，用于USB_PCL6045B 评估板同计算机的数据交换。 USB_PCL6045B 评估板已经完成对PCL6045B 芯片的底层程序开发和硬件资源与端口的驱动，并封装成156 个API 接口函数。用户可直接在VC 环境下利用API 接口函数进行编程。 五、实验内容 1、操作步骤 1）检查电机驱动电源（24V） 2）检查USB_PCL6045B 控制板与上位机及电机驱动器间的连接电缆 3）启动USB_PCL6045B 控制板评估测试系统检查系统是否正常工作。 4）运行编写的定长运动程序，并比较实际位移与设定位移。
医学博士英语考试写作 的 原则和规律
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北航惯性导航大作业
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一.系统误差原理图 二.系统误差的分析 （一）漂移引起的系统误差 1. εx ，εy ，εz 对东向速度误差δVx 的影响 clc;clear all; t=1:0.01:25; g=9.8; L=pi/180*39; Ws=2*pi/84.4*60; Wie=2*pi/24; R=g/(Ws)^2; e=0.1*180/pi; mcVx1=e*g*sin(L)/(Ws^2-Wie^2)*(sin(Wie*t)-Wie*sin(Ws*t)/Ws); mcVx2=e*((Ws^2-(Wie^2)*((cos(L))^2))/(Ws^2-Wie^2)*cos(Ws*t)-(Ws^2)*((sin(L))^2)*cos(Wi e*t)/(Ws^2-Wie^2)-(cos(L))^2); mcVx3=(sin(L))*(cos(L))*R*e*((Ws^2)*cos(Wie*t)/(Ws^2-Wie^2)-(Wie^2)*cos(Ws*t)/(Ws^2-Wi e^2)-1); plot(t,[mcVx1',mcVx2',mcVx3']); title('Ex,Ey,Ez 对Vx 的影响'); xlabel('时间t'); ylabel('Vx(t)'); 0,δλδL ,v v δδ
legend('Ex-mcVx1','Ey-mcVx2','Ez-mcVx3'); grid; axis square; 分析：εx，εy，εz对东向速度误差δVx均有地球自转周期的影响，εx，εy还会有舒勒周期分量的影响，其中，εy对δVx的影响较大。 2.εx，εy，εz对东向速度误差δVy的影响 clc;clear all; t=1:0.01:25; g=9.8; L=pi/180*39; Ws=2*pi/84.4*60; Wie=2*pi/24; R=g/(Ws)^2; e=0.1*180/pi; mcVy1=e*g*(cos(Wie*t)-cos(Ws*t))/(Ws^2-Wie^2); mcVy2=g*sin(L)*e/(Ws^2-Wie^2)*(sin(Wie*t)-Wie/Ws*sin(Ws*t)); mcVy3=g*cos(L)*e/(Ws^2-Wie^2)*(sin(Wie*t)-Wie/Ws*sin(Ws*t)); plot(t,[mcVy1',mcVy2',mcVy3']); title('Ex,Ey,Ez对Vy的影响'); xlabel('时间t'); ylabel('Vy(t)'); legend('Ex-mcVy1','Ey-mcVy2','Ez-mcVy3'); grid; axis square;
中考英语必备-英语写作辅导专题材料
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北航惯性导航综合实验四实验报告
基于运动规划的惯性导航系统动态实验 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
二零一三年六月十日 实验4.1 惯性导航系统运动轨迹规划与设计实验一、实验目的 为进行动态下简化惯性导航算法的实验研究，进行路径和运动状态规划，以验证不同运动状态下惯导系统的性能。通过实验掌握步进电机控制方法，并产生不同运动路径和运动状态。 二、实验内容 学习利用6045B 控制板对步进电机进行控制的方法，并控制电机使运动滑轨产生定长运动和不同加速度下的定长运动。 三、实验系统组成 USB_PCL6045B 控制板（评估板）、运动滑轨和控制计算机组成。 四、实验原理 IMU安装误差系数的计算方法 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
USB_PCL6045B 控制板采用了USB 串行总线接口通信方式，不必拆卸计算机箱就可以在台式机或笔记本电脑上进行运动控制芯片PCL6045B 的学习和评估。 USB_PCL6045B 评估板采用USB 串行总线方式实现评估板同计算机的数据交换，由评估板的FIFO 控制回路完成步进电机以及伺服电机的高速脉冲控制，任意 2 轴的圆弧插补，2-4 轴的直线插补等运动控制功能。USB_PCL6045B 评估板上配置了全部PCL6045B 芯片的外部信号接口和增量编码器信号输入接口。由 USB_PCL6045B 评估测试软件可以进行PCL6045B 芯片的主要功能的评估测试。 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
图4-1-1USB_PCL6045B 评估板原理框图如图4-1-1 所示，CN11 接口主要用于外部电源连接，可以选择DC5V 单一电源或DC5V/24V 电源。CN12 接口是USB 信号接口，用于USB_PCL6045B 评估板同计算机的数据交换。 USB_PCL6045B 评估板已经完成对PCL6045B 芯片的底层程序开发和硬件资源与端口的驱动，并封装成156 个API 接口函数。用户可直接在VC 环境下利用API 接口函数进行编程。 五、实验内容 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
医学博士英语写作总结
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四、实验原理 1.陀螺仪原理 陀螺仪就是角速率传感器,用来测量载体相对惯性空间得角速度，通常输出与角速率对应得电压信号。也有得陀螺输出频率信号(如激光陀螺）与数字信号（把模拟电压数字化)。以电压表示得陀螺输出信号可表示为: (1-1）式中就是与比力有关得陀螺输出误差项，反映了陀螺输出受比力得影响,本实验不考虑此项误差。因此，式（１－１）简化为 (１-2）由（１－2）式得陀螺输出值所对应得角速度测量值: (1－3) 对于数字输出得陀螺仪,传感器内部已经利用标度因数对陀螺仪模拟输出进行了量化,直接输出角速度值,即： （１－4）就是就是陀螺仪得零偏，物理意义就是输入角速度为零时，陀螺仪输出值所对应得角速度。且 (１-5) 精度受陀螺仪标度因数、随机漂移、陀螺输出信号得检测精度与得影响。通常与表现为有规律性,可通过建模与补偿方法消除,表现为随机特性,可通过信号滤波方法抵制。因此，准确标定与就是实现角速度准确测量得基础。 五、陀螺仪测试实验步骤 1)标度因数与零偏测试实验 ａ、接通电源，预热一定时间; b、陀螺工作稳定后，测量静止情况下陀螺输出并保存数据;
医学考博英语作文模板(1)
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